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ASTM D4279-95(2017)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Shipping Containers—Constant and Cycle Methods

Standard Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of Shipping Containers—Constant and Cycle Methods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are normally used for the following purposes:  
4.1.1 To evaluate materials and constructions for a specific type of container,  
4.1.2 To compare performance of different types of containers,  
4.1.3 To determine adequacy of protection for a specific product or application, and  
4.1.4 To maintain quality control.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of water vapor transmission rates for bulk shipping containers, as follows:  
1.1.1 Method A, for Reclosable Containers, and  
1.1.2 Method B, for Containers Not Designed for Reclosing.  
1.2 Within each procedure details are given for the constant and cycle methods of test atmosphere.  
1.3 The test may be applied to the container as packed, or after one or more performance tests such as drum (Method D782), vibration (Methods D999), drop (Test Method D5276), impact resistance (Test Methods D880, D4003, and D5277), or performance tests (Practice D4169), as required.  
1.4 For small shipping containers requiring greater accuracy in weighing, the water vapor transmission may be determined in accordance with Test Method D895 or Test Method D1251.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2017
ICS
55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
Technical Committee
D10 - Packaging
Drafting Committee
D10.21 - Shipping Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4279 − 95 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Methods for
Water Vapor Transmission of Shipping Containers—
1
Constant and Cycle Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of water
D782Test Method for Shipping Containers in Revolving
vapor transmission rates for bulk shipping containers, as
3
Hexagonal Drum (Withdrawn 1999)
follows:
D880Test Method for ImpactTesting for Shipping Contain-
1.1.1 Method A, for Reclosable Containers, and
ers and Systems
1.1.2 Method B, for Containers Not Designed for Reclos-
D895Test Method for Water Vapor Permeability of Pack-
ing.
3
ages (Withdrawn 1999)
D996Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
1.2 Within each procedure details are given for the constant
ments
and cycle methods of test atmosphere.
D999Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-
1.3 The test may be applied to the container as packed, or
tainers
after one or more performance tests such as drum (Method
D1251Test Method for Water Vapor Permeability of Pack-
D782), vibration (Methods D999), drop (Test Method D5276), 3
ages by Cycle Method (Withdrawn 1999)
impactresistance(TestMethodsD880,D4003,andD5277),or
D4003Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact
performance tests (Practice D4169), as required.
Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
D4169Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Con-
1.4 Forsmallshippingcontainersrequiringgreateraccuracy
tainers and Systems
in weighing, the water vapor transmission may be determined
D5276Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by
in accordance with Test Method D895 or Test Method D1251.
Free Fall
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D5277Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizontal
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
3. Terminology
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for the packaging and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
distribution environments are found in Terminology D996.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1 water vapor transmission rate of a shipping container
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
(constant atmosphere method)—for the purpose of this test
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
method,therateatwhichwateristransmittedintothecontainer
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
from the test atmosphere (normally of 90 6 2% relative
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
humidity and a temperature of 100° 6 2°F (37.8° 6 1.1°C)
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
surrounding it while a desiccant is sealed within.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.2.2 water vapor transmission into a container (cycle
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
atmosphere method)—forthistestmethod,theamountofwater
1 2
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Packaging and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Containers and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2017.PublishedJuly2017.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
3
in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D4279–95(2009). DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D4279-95R17. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4279 − 95 (2017)
transmitted into the container from the test atmosphere during 6. Test Specimens
one cycle while a desiccant is sealed within.
6.1 Test specimens shall be representative of the containers
3.2.3 cycle—oneseriesoftestatmospherestowhichthetest
being tested, and shall be closed and sealed in the normal
specimens are exposed. Normally one cycle wil
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4279 − 95 (Reapproved 2009) D4279 − 95 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Methods for
Water Vapor Transmission of Shipping Containers—
1
Constant and Cycle Methods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4279; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of water vapor transmission rates for bulk shipping containers, as follows:
1.1.1 Method A, for Reclosable Containers, and
1.1.2 Method B, for Containers Not Designed for Reclosing.
1.2 Within each procedure details are given for the constant and cycle methods of test atmosphere.
1.3 The test may be applied to the container as packed, or after one or more performance tests such as drum (Method D782),
vibration (Methods D999), drop (Test Method D5276), impact resistance (Test Methods D880, D4003, and D5277), or
performance tests (Practice D4169), as required.
1.4 For small shipping containers requiring greater accuracy in weighing, the water vapor transmission may be determined in
accordance with Test Method D895 or Test Method D1251.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D782 Test Method for Shipping Containers in Revolving Hexagonal Drum (Withdrawn 1999)
D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
3
D895 Test Method for Water Vapor Permeability of Packages (Withdrawn 1999)
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environments
D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
3
D1251 Test Method for Water Vapor Permeability of Packages by Cycle Method (Withdrawn 1999)
D4003 Test Methods for Programmable Horizontal Impact Test for Shipping Containers and Systems
D4169 Practice for Performance Testing of Shipping Containers and Systems
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
D5277 Test Method for Performing Programmed Horizontal Impacts Using an Inclined Impact Tester
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—General definitions for the packaging and distribution environments are found in Terminology D996.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping Containers
and Systems - Application of Performance Test Methods.
Current edition approved March 1, 2009May 1, 2017. Published March 2009July 2017. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D4279 – 95 (2003).(2009). DOI: 10.1520/D4279-95R09.10.1520/D4279-95R17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4279 − 95 (2017)
3.2.1 water vapor transmission rate of a shipping container (constant atmosphere method)—for the purpose of this test method,
the rate at which water is transmitted into the container from the test atmosphere (normally of 90 6 2 % relative humidity and a
temperature of 100° 6 2°F (37.8° 6 1.1°C) surrounding it while a desiccant is sealed within.
3.2.2 water vapor transmission into a container (cycle atmospher
...

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Standard Practice for Fabrication and Closure of Triple-Wall Corrugated Fiberboard Containers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Triple-wall corrugated fiberboard containers are used to unitize products into containers of size and shape suitable for manual or mechanical handling and to protect the contents against environmental, handling, shipping, and storage conditions.  
4.2 This practice is intended to cover some of the basic constructions and styles of commercially available triple-wall fiberboard packaging used to unitize and protect contents.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the fabrication and closure of new triple-wall corrugated fiberboard containers.  
1.2 This practice indicates the factors and components that must be controlled in the manufacture of triple-wall fiberboard containers.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off