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ASTM B689-97(2008)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings

Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for electroplated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineering applications (for example, for use as a buildup for mismachined or worn parts), for electronics applications (including as underplates in contacts or interconnections), and in certain joining applications. Coatings shall be available in any one of the following types: Type 1, coatings electroplated from solutions not containing hardeners, brighteners, or stress control additives; Type 2, electrodeposits used at moderate temperatures, and contain sulfur or other codeposited elements or compounds that are present to increase the hardness, refine grain structure, or control internal stress; and Type 3, electroplates containing dispersed submicron particles such as silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, and aluminum oxide that are present to increase hardness and wear resistance at specified temperatures. Metal parts shall undergo pre- and post-coating treatments to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, and peening. Coatings shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to specified requirements as to appearance, thickness (measured either destructively by microscopical or coulometric method, or nondestructively by magnetic or X-ray method), adhesion (examined either by bend, file, heat and quench, or push test), porosity (assessed either by hot water, ferroxyl, or flowers of sulfur test), workmanship, and hydrogen embrittlement relief.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electroplated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineering applications, for example, for use as a buildup for mismachined or worn parts, for electronic applications, including as underplates in contacts or interconnections, and in certain joining applications.
1.2 Electroplating of nickel for engineering applications (Note 1) requires technical considerations significantly different from decorative applications because the following functional properties are important:
1.2.1 Hardness, strength, and ductility,
1.2.2 Wear resistance,
1.2.3 Load bearing characteristics,
1.2.4 Corrosion resistance,
1.2.5 Heat scaling resistance,
1.2.6 Fretting resistance, and
1.2.7 Fatigue resistance.
Note 1—Functional electroplated nickel coatings usually contain about 99 % nickel, and are most frequently electrodeposited from a Watts nickel bath or a nickel sulfamate bath. Typical mechanical properties of nickel electroplated from these baths, and the combined effect of bath operation and solution composition variables on the mechanical properties of the electrodeposit are given in Guide B 832. When electroplated nickel is required to have higher hardnesses, greater wear resistance, certain residual stress values and certain leveling characteristics, sulfur and other substances are incorporated in the nickel deposit through the use of certain addition agents in the electroplating solution. For the effect of such additives, see Section 4 and Annex A3. Cobalt salts are sometimes added to the plating solution to produce harder nickel alloy deposits.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Jul-2008
ICS
25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.03 - Engineering Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM B689-97(2003) - Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Replaced By
ASTM B689-97(2013) - Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings
Effective Date
01-Dec-2013
Referred By
ASTM F2080-23 - Standard Specification for Cold-Expansion Fittings with Metal Compression-Sleeves for Crosslinked Polyethylene (PEX) Pipe and SDR9 Polyethylene of Raised Temperature (PE-RT) Pipe
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM B679-98(2021) - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM B866-95(2018) - Standard Test Method for Gross Defects and Mechanical Damage in Metallic Coatings by Polysulfide Immersion
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM B877-96(2018) - Standard Test Method for Gross Defects and Mechanical Damage in Metallic Coatings by the Phosphomolybdic Acid (PMA) Method
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM B765-03(2018) - Standard Guide for Selection of Porosity and Gross Defect Tests for Electrodeposits and Related Metallic Coatings
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM B851-04(2020) - Standard Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM B984-12(2020)e1 - Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Palladium-Cobalt Alloy for Engineering Use
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008
Referred By
ASTM F1370-92(2019)e1 - Standard Specification for Pressure-Reducing Valves for Water Systems, Shipboard
Effective Date
01-Aug-2008

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ASTM B689-97(2008) - Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel CoatingsASTM B689-97(2008) - Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings
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ASTM B689-97(2008) - Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B689 −97(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Specification for
1
Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B689; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electro-
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
plated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineer-
Electroplating
ing applications, for example, for use as a buildup for misma-
B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-
chined or worn parts, for electronic applications, including as
troplating
underplates in contacts or interconnections, and in certain
B252 Guide for Preparation of Zinc Alloy Die Castings for
joining applications.
Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
1.2 Electroplating of nickel for engineering applications
B253 Guide for Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Elec-
(Note 1) requires technical considerations significantly differ-
troplating
ent from decorative applications because the following func-
B254 Practice for Preparation of and Electroplating on
tional properties are important:
Stainless Steel
1.2.1 Hardness, strength, and ductility,
B281 Practice for Preparation of Copper and Copper-Base
1.2.2 Wear resistance,
Alloys for Electroplating and Conversion Coatings
1.2.3 Load bearing characteristics,
B320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-
plating
1.2.4 Corrosion resistance,
B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
1.2.5 Heat scaling resistance,
B343 Practice for Preparation of Nickel for Electroplating
1.2.6 Fretting resistance, and
with Nickel
1.2.7 Fatigue resistance.
B374 Terminology Relating to Electroplating
NOTE 1—Functional electroplated nickel coatings usually contain about
B480 Guide for Preparation of Magnesium and Magnesium
99 % nickel, and are most frequently electrodeposited from aWatts nickel
Alloys for Electroplating
bath or a nickel sulfamate bath. Typical mechanical properties of nickel
B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
electroplated from these baths, and the combined effect of bath operation
Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of
and solution composition variables on the mechanical properties of the
Cross Section
electrodeposit are given in Guide B832. When electroplated nickel is
required to have higher hardnesses, greater wear resistance, certain
B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses
residual stress values and certain leveling characteristics, sulfur and other
by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on
substancesareincorporatedinthenickeldepositthroughtheuseofcertain
Magnetic Basis Metals
addition agents in the electroplating solution. For the effect of such
B507 Practice for Design of Articles to Be Electroplated on
additives, see Section 4 and AnnexA3. Cobalt salts are sometimes added
Racks
to the plating solution to produce harder nickel alloy deposits.
B530 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
by the Magnetic Method: Electrodeposited Nickel Coat-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ings on Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Substrates
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
B558 Practice for Preparation of Nickel Alloys for Electro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
plating
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness
by X-Ray Spectrometry
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
B08.03 on Engineering Coatings. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published September 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as B689 – 97 (2003). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/B0689-97R08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B689−97 (2008)
B571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic 4.1.1 Type 1—Nickel electroplated from solutions not con-
Coatings
...

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Standard Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for electroplated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineering applications (for example, for use as a buildup for mismachined or worn parts), for electronics applications (including as underplates in contacts or interconnections), and in certain joining applications. Coatings shall be available in any one of the following types: Type 1, coatings electroplated from solutions not containing hardeners, brighteners, or stress control additives; Type 2, electrodeposits used at moderate temperatures, and contain sulfur or other codeposited elements or compounds that are present to increase the hardness, refine grain structure, or control internal stress; and Type 3, electroplates containing dispersed submicron particles such as silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, and aluminum oxide that are present to increase hardness and wear resistance at specified temperatures. Metal parts shall undergo pre- and post-coating treatments to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, and peening. Coatings shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to specified requirements as to appearance, thickness (measured either destructively by microscopical or coulometric method, or nondestructively by magnetic or X-ray method), adhesion (examined either by bend, file, heat and quench, or push test), porosity (assessed either by hot water, ferroxyl, or flowers of sulfur test), workmanship, and hydrogen embrittlement relief.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electroplated nickel coatings applied to metal products for engineering applications, for example, for use as a buildup for mismachined or worn parts, for electronic applications, including as underplates in contacts or interconnections, and in certain joining applications.  
1.2 Electroplating of nickel for engineering applications (Note 1) requires technical considerations significantly different from decorative applications because the following functional properties are important:  
1.2.1 Hardness, strength, and ductility,  
1.2.2 Wear resistance,  
1.2.3 Load bearing characteristics,  
1.2.4 Corrosion resistance,  
1.2.5 Heat scaling resistance,  
1.2.6 Fretting resistance, and  
1.2.7 Fatigue resistance.  
Note 1: Functional electroplated nickel coatings usually contain about 99 % nickel, and are most frequently electrodeposited from a Watts nickel bath or a nickel sulfamate bath. Typical mechanical properties of nickel electroplated from these baths, and the combined effect of bath operation and solution composition variables on the mechanical properties of the electrodeposit are given in Guide B832. When electroplated nickel is required to have higher hardnesses, greater wear resistance, certain residual stress values and certain leveling characteristics, sulfur and other substances are incorporated in the nickel deposit through the use of certain addition agents in the electroplating solution. For the effect of such additives, see Section 4 and Annex A3. Cobalt salts are sometimes added to the plating solution to produce harder nickel alloy deposits.  
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Note 1: The following ASTM standards are not requirements. They are reference for information only: Practice B537, Specification B456, Test Method B602, and Specification B604.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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