ASTM D4504-94(2005)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
Standard Specification for Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the performance requirements and test methods for molded polyethylene open-head, self-supporting, and nonreusable pails used in packaging and transporting nonhazardous goods. The products for packaging in the open-head pails may be in liquid, solid, past, granular, or powder form. Each pail is classified as either pails for liquids or pails for nonliquids. Materials for the manufacture of the pails should be compatible with the intended contents. Carbon black or other suitable pigments may be used for ultraviolet protection if needed. Each pail should conform to the required values of capacity, closure, drop strength, stacking strength, amount of column stack vibratioin, compatibility permeation, resistance to environmental stress cracking, and other special requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers molded polyethylene, open-head, self-supporting, nonreusable pails intended for the packaging and transportation of nonhazardous goods. Pails are to have volume capacities between 1 and 7 gal (3.8 to 26.5 L).
1.2 Pails intended to contain hazardous goods (materials) shall be in accordance with and tested to United States Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 49, Parts (100-199).
1.3 The purpose of this specification is to establish performance requirements and test methods for molded open-head polyethylene pails.
1.4 Additives for the resin used and design of the pails are left to the discretion of the supplier, within the allowable limits of regulatory and performance requirements.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test method portions, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4504 – 94 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Specification for
Molded Polyethylene Open-Head-Pails for Industrial
Shipping of Nonhazardous Goods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4504; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1975 Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resis-
tance of Plastic Injection Molded Open Head Pails
1.1 This specification covers molded polyethylene, open-
D4577 Test Method for Compression Resistance of a Con-
head, self-supporting, nonreusable pails intended for the pack-
tainer Under Constant Load
aging and transportation of nonhazardous goods. Pails are to
D5276 Test Method for DropTest of Loaded Containers by
have volume capacities between 1 and 7 gal (3.8 to 26.5 L).
Free Fall
1.2 Pails intended to contain hazardous goods (materials)
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
shall be in accordance with and tested to United States
2.2 Other Documents:
Department of Transportation Code of Federal Regulations
National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC)
(CFR) Title 49, Parts (100–199).
Uniform Freight Classification (UFC)
1.3 The purpose of this specification is to establish perfor-
Code of Federal Regulations Title 49 Parts 100–199 (CFR
mance requirements and test methods for molded open-head
49)
polyethylene pails.
1.4 Additives for the resin used and design of the pails are
3. Terminology
lefttothediscretionofthesupplier,withintheallowablelimits
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this speci-
of regulatory and performance requirements.
fication, see Terminology D996.
1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
method portions, Section 10, of this specification: This stan-
3.2.1 open-head pail—a pail with a full-diameter unre-
dard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if
stricted opening at the top, and designed to be carried by hand.
any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
The pail body is usually of a tapered design to provide for
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
nesting of pails during transportation and storage, prior to
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
filling of contents. After filling of contents, the pail lid is
tions prior to use.
applied to the pail body, providing a sealed container for
2. Referenced Documents storage and shipment of the contents. The pail lid may also
have openings or fitments to allow for dispensing of contents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
without removing the lid. These openings are sealed with
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
closures.
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The definition for open-head pail for
ity)
hazardous materials differs (see Section 49 CFR Parts 100 to
D996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
199).
ments
D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Con-
4. Classification
tainers
4.1 Products to be packaged in open-head pails may be
D1972 Practice for Generic Marking of Plastic Products
liquid (Note 1), solid, paste, granular, or powder form.
NOTE 1—For the purpose of establishing test requirements, a liquid is
heredefinedashavingaviscosityoflessthan5.0Pa.Satatemperatureof
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.21 on Shipping
Container Environment.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. Originally
´1 3
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D4504–(2000) . Available from National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA), 2200
DOI: 10.1520/D4504-94R05. Mill Rd., Alexandria, VA 22302.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from National Railroad Freight Committee, Suite 1120, 222 South
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Riverside Plaza, Chicago, IL 60606.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
the ASTM website. 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D4504 – 94 (2005)
73.46 3.6°F (23 6 2°C), using the method described in Test Method
7.5 Stacking Strength—Two vertically stacked pails shall
D445.
withstand testing without sidewall buckling sufficient to cause
damage and shall have a total top-to-bottom deflection of both
4.2 Molded polyethylene open-head pails are classified as
pails of not more than 1 in. (25.4 mm), when tested in
follows:
accordance with 10.2.2. In addition, there shall be no evidence
4.2.1 Pails for liquids.
of leakage or sifting of contents from the pail when tested in
4.2.2 Pails for nonliquids.
accordance with 10.2.2.2.
5. Ordering Information
7.6 Vibration (Stack)—The pails shall show no evidence of
5.1 A summary of ordering requirements, detailed in other rupture, cracks, or leakage when tested in accordance with
sections of this specification include the following: 10.2.3.
5.1.1 Materials of construction (see Section 6). 7.7 Repetitive Shock Test (Optional)—The pails shall show
5.1.2 Ultraviolet protection (see 6.2). no evidence of rupture, cracks, or leakage when tested in
5.1.3 Other materials not specifically covered in this speci- accordance with 10.2.4.
fication (see 6.3 and 6.4). 7.8 Compatibility, Permeation—The pail shall perform sat-
5.1.4 Pail capacity (see 7.2). isfactorily when tested in accordance with 10.2.5.
7.9 Resistance to Environmental Stress Cracking—The pail
5.1.5 Closure requirements, including tamper evident fea-
ture (see 7.3). shall perform satisfactorily when tested in accordance with
10.2.5.3.
5.1.6 Provisions for handling.
5.1.7 Compatibility testing (see 7.8 and 7.9). 7.10 Special Requirements—Pail requirements, additional
5.1.8 Inspection (see Section 11). to those in 7.2 through 7.9, if needed by a purchaser, must be
5.1.9 Marking (see Section 13). specified in the procurement document and as agreed between
5.1.10 Intended contents. purchaser and supplier.
5.1.11 Whether pressure testing is required.
8. Sampling
6. Materials
8.1 Lotting—A lot shall consist of all pails of one size and
6.1 Materials for the construction of the pail shall be
design,producedfromthesamematerialsandunderessentially
compatible with the intended contents. Effects of impact,
the same manufacturing conditions and offered for delivery at
vibration, temperature, warehouse stacking, and ultraviolet
one time.
exposure should be considered.
8.2 Sampling Pails— Select sample pails for test at random
6.2 If ultraviolet protection is required, it shall be provided
from a continuous production lot. As a minimum, the number
bytheadditionofcarbonblackorothersuitablepigmentswith
of pails required is 17 as outlined for design qualification tests
ultraviolet stabilizers and inhibitors.These additives should be
(see Section 10 and Supplementary Requirements).
compatible with the contents and should retain their effective-
ness during the life of the pail.
9. Specimen Preparation
6.3 Materials for purposes other than ultraviolet protection
9.1 Prepare pail specimens in accordance with NMFC, item
may be added, provided such additives permit the pail to meet
258 and UFC Rule 40, where applicable, and as agreed
the requirements of this specification.
between the pail purchaser and supplier.
6.4 Used materials, except regrind from the same concur-
rent production process shall not be acceptable for manufac-
10. Methods of Testing Pails for Design Qualification
turing new pails unless otherwise specified.
10.1 General—Thetestproceduresdescribedinthissection
7. Other Requirements
are to be used to determine physical performance capability of
7.1 The pail shall show good workmanship such as absence aspecificdesignandthereby,toqualifysuchadesignunderthe
of flashing, dents, and scratched surfaces. performance requirements of this specification. Additional
sampling and testing of these pails, as may be agreed upon
7.2 Capacity—Pails covered by this specification shall be
rangeinrated(marked)capacityfrom1to7gal(3.8to26.5L). between purchaser and supplier, is not precluded by this
Minimum actual liquid capacity shall not be less than rated section. Test methods to determine compatibility of the con-
capacity plus 4%, and maximum actual capacity shall not be tents (lading) with the pail will depend on the specific contents
greaterthan4%aboveratedcapacityplusonequart,measured tobecontained.Iftheavailabletechnicalinformationandprior
with cover attached and contents and pail at 73.4 6 5°F (23.8 use experience cannot substantiate an application decision, it
6 3°C). shall be the responsibility of the shipper of the filled pail to
7.3 Closure—The closure for the pail (when used) shall be ensure that the content is compatible with the pail, and that if
in compliance with carrier regulatory requirements and shall the content is liquid, that it will not permeate to an extent that
ensureprotectionofcontentsfromleakage,easeofclosure,and a damag
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.