ASTM E514/E514M-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
Standard Test Method for Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides information that aids in evaluating the effect of four principal variables: materials, coatings, wall design, and workmanship.
Water penetration and leakage through masonry is significantly affected by air pressure in the test chamber. Data from tests made at different pressures are not comparable.
The performance of a masonry wall is a function of materials, construction, wall design, and maintenance. In service the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting structure and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, such as corrosion, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, curing, and others. It is impossible to simulate the complex conditions encountered in service, such as variations in wind velocity, negative pressure, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Factors such as location, exposure, and wall openings should be considered.
Given the complexity of variables noted above, this test method establishes comparative behavior between various masonry wall constructions in a given laboratory.
Even when a single laboratory tests the same wall design utilizing the same wall materials and the same construction practices, variables such as the level of skill of the mason building the specimen, the temperature and humidity in the laboratory at the time of construction, curing of the specimen, the moisture contents of the materials used to build the specimen, and even the use or lack of use of a lime and water wash on the back of the specimen can affect the results of the test making reliable comparisons dubious. For these reasons and the multi-variables listed in 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3, a meaningful, useful, absolute wall leakage rating standard is impractical and discouraged.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method provides a procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration and leakage through unit masonry subjected to wind-driven rain.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 6.
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Designation:E514/E514M–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E514/E514M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
2
1.1 This laboratory test method provides a procedure for 3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
determining the resistance to water penetration and leakage Terminology C1232.
through unit masonry subjected to wind-driven rain.
4. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 4.1 This test method provides information that aids in
evaluating the effect of four principal variables: materials,
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining coatings, wall design, and workmanship.
4.2 Water penetration and leakage through masonry is
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard. significantly affected by air pressure in the test chamber. Data
from tests made at different pressures are not comparable.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.3 The performance of a masonry wall is a function of
materials, construction, wall design, and maintenance. In
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- service the performance will also depend on the rigidity of
supporting structure and on the resistance of components to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
hazard statement, see Section 6. deterioration by various causes, such as corrosion, vibration,
thermal expansion and contraction, curing, and others. It is
2. Referenced Documents
impossible to simulate the complex conditions encountered in
3
2.1 ASTM Standards: service, such as variations in wind velocity, negative pressure,
C270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry and lateral or upward moving air and water. Factors such as
C1232 Terminology of Masonry location, exposure, and wall openings should be considered.
4
2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard: 4.4 Given the complexity of variables noted above, this test
ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402 Building Code Requirements method establishes comparative behavior between various
for Masonry Structures masonry wall constructions in a given laboratory.
ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602 Specifications for Masonry 4.5 Even when a single laboratory tests the same wall
Structures design utilizing the same wall materials and the same construc-
tion practices, variables such as the level of skill of the mason
building the specimen, the temperature and humidity in the
laboratory at the time of construction, curing of the specimen,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
the moisture contents of the materials used to build the
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C15.04 on Research. specimen, and even the use or lack of use of a lime and water
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally
wash on the back of the specimen can affect the results of the
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E514 – 08. DOI:
test making reliable comparisons dubious. For these reasons
10.1520/E0514_E0514M-09.
2
and the multi-variables listed in 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3, a meaningful,
This test method is based upon those used by the National Bureau of Standards
and described in NBS Report BMS7, “Water Permeability of Masonry Walls,” 1933,
useful, absolute wall leakage rating standard is impractical and
and NBS Report BMS82, “Water Permeability of Walls Built of Masonry Units,”
discouraged.
1942.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5. Apparatus
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
5.1 Test Chamber—Use a test chamber similar to that
the ASTM website.
shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Provide an opening with a
4
Published by The Masonry Society, www.masonrysociety.org; American Con-
2 2
minimum area of 1.08 m [12 ft ]. For example, 900 mm
crete Institute, www.aci-int.org; and American Society of Civil Engineers,
www.asce.org. [36 in.] wide and 1200 mm [48 in.] high is suitable. Line the
*A Summa
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E514–08 Designation:E514/E514M–09
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 514/E 514M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This laboratory test method provides a procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration and leakage through
unit masonry subjected to wind-driven rain.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions to
inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C 270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
C 1232 Terminology of Masonry
4
2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:
ACI 530/ASCE 5/TMS 402 Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures
ACI 530.1/ASCE 6/TMS 602 Specifications for Masonry Structures
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C 1232.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method provides information that aids in evaluating the effect of four principal variables: materials, coatings, wall
design, and workmanship.
4.2 Water penetration and leakage through masonry is significantly affected by air pressure in the test chamber. Data from tests
made at different pressures are not comparable.
4.3 The performance of a masonry wall is a function of materials, construction, wall design, and maintenance. In service the
performancewillalsodependontherigidityofsupportingstructureandontheresistanceofcomponentstodeteriorationbyvarious
causes,suchascorrosion,vibration,thermalexpansionandcontraction,curing,andothers.Itisimpossibletosimulatethecomplex
conditions encountered in service, such as variations in wind velocity, negative pressure, and lateral or upward moving air and
water. Factors such as location, exposure, and wall openings should be considered.
4.4 Given the complexity of variables noted above, this test method establishes comparative behavior between various masonry
wall constructions in a given laboratory.
4.5 Even when a single laboratory tests the same wall design utilizing the same wall materials and the same construction
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC15onManufacturedMasonryUnitsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeC15.04onResearch.
Current edition approved JuneAug. 1, 2008.2009. Published July 2008.August 2009. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20062008 as
E 514 – 068.
2
This test method is based upon those used by the National Bureau of Standards and described in NBS Report BMS7, “Water Permeability of Masonry Walls,” 1933, and
NBS Report BMS82, “Water Permeability of Walls Built of Masonry Units,” 1942.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Published by The Masonry Society, www.masonrysociety.org; American Concrete Institute, www.aci-int.org; and American Society of Civil Engineers,
www.asce.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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E514/E514M–09
practices, variables such as the level of skill of the mason building the specimen, the temperature and humidity in the l
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