ASTM E514/E514M-14a

Standard Test Method for Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides information that aids in evaluating the effect of four principal variables: materials, coatings, wall design, and workmanship.  
4.2 Water penetration and leakage through masonry is significantly affected by air pressure in the test chamber. Data from tests made at different pressures are not comparable.  
4.3 The performance of a masonry wall is a function of materials, construction, wall design, and maintenance. In service the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting structure and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, such as corrosion, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, curing, and others. It is impossible to simulate the complex conditions encountered in service, such as variations in wind velocity, negative pressure, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Factors such as location, exposure, and wall openings should be considered.  
4.4 Given the complexity of variables noted above, this test method establishes comparative behavior between various masonry wall constructions in a given laboratory.  
4.5 Even when a single laboratory tests the same wall design utilizing the same wall materials and the same construction practices, variables such as the level of skill of the mason building the specimen, the temperature and humidity in the laboratory at the time of construction, curing of the specimen, the moisture contents of the materials used to build the specimen, and even the use or lack of use of a lime and water wash on the back of the specimen can affect the results of the test making reliable comparisons dubious. For these reasons and the multi-variables listed in 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3, a meaningful, useful, absolute wall leakage rating standard is impractical and discouraged.  
4.6 This test method is similar to but distinct from field Test Method C1601. This laboratory test method is designed to test laboratory fabricated wall specimens. Field Test Method C1601 i...
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method2 provides a procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration and leakage through unit masonry subjected to wind-driven rain. This test method is not identical to and the results are not the same as field standard Test Method C1601. This test method measures through-wall water penetration, whereas Test Method C1601 only measures surface water penetration.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 6.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2014
• ICS: 91.080.30 - Masonry
• Technical Committee: C15 - Manufactured Masonry Units
• Drafting Committee: C15.04 - Research

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E514/E514M − 14a
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E514/E514M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
4
1. Scope* 2.2 The Masonry Society Standards:
TMS 402/ACI530⁄ASCE 5Building Code Requirements
2
1.1 This laboratory test method provides a procedure for
for Masonry Structures
determining the resistance to water penetration and leakage
TMS 602/ACI530.1⁄ASCE 6Specifications for Masonry
through unit masonry subjected to wind-driven rain. This test
Structures
method is not identical to and the results are not the same as
field standard Test Method C1601. This test method measures
3. Terminology
through-wall water penetration, whereas Test Method C1601
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
only measures surface water penetration.
3.1.1 dampness, n—visual change in the appearance of a
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
material due to the presence of water.
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.2 surface water penetration, n—passage of water
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
through the exterior face of the masonry.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.3 through-wall water penetration, n—passage of water
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
through a wall and appearance of the water on the interior face
with the standard.
of the masonry.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.4 water penetration, n—water that passes into or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
through the masonry.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.5 wind-driven rain, n—rainwaterthatisdirectedagainst
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the surface of the wall by wind.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
3.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
hazard statement, see Section 6.
refer to Terminology C1232.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Significance and Use
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 This test method provides information that aids in
C270Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
evaluating the effect of four principal variables: materials,
C1232Terminology of Masonry
coatings, wall design, and workmanship.
C1601Test Method for Field Determination of Water Pen-
4.2 Water penetration and leakage through masonry is
etration of Masonry Wall Surfaces
significantly affected by air pressure in the test chamber. Data
from tests made at different pressures are not comparable.
4.3 The performance of a masonry wall is a function of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
materials, construction, wall design, and maintenance. In
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C15.04 on Research.
service the performance will also depend on the rigidity of
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2014.PublishedJuly2014.Originallyapproved
supporting structure and on the resistance of components to
in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E514/E514M–14. DOI:
deterioration by various causes, such as corrosion, vibration,
10.1520/E0514_E0514M-14A.
2
This test method is based upon those used by the National Bureau of Standards thermal expansion and contraction, curing, and others. It is
and described in NBS Report BMS7, “Water Permeability of MasonryWalls,” 1933,
impossible to simulate the complex conditions encountered in
and NBS Report BMS82, “Water Permeability of Walls Built of Masonry Units,”
1942.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Published by The Masonry Society, www.masonrysociety.org; American Con-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on crete Institute, www.aci-int.org; and American Society of Civil Engineers,
the ASTM website. www.asce.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E514/E514M − 14a
service, such as variations in wind velocity, negative pressure, 5. Apparatus
and lateral or upward moving air and water. Factors such as
5.1 Test Chamber—Useatestchambersimilartotha
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E514/E514M − 14 E514/E514M − 14a
Standard Test Method for
1
Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E514/E514M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
2
1.1 This laboratory test method provides a procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration and leakage through
unit masonry subjected to wind-driven rain. This test method is not identical to and the results are not the same as field standard
Test Method C1601. This test method measures through-wall water penetration, whereas Test Method C1601 only measures
surface water penetration.
1.2 This test method is not identical to and the results are not the same as the field standard Test Method C1601.
1.3 This test method evaluates the through-wall water penetration which is not the same as surface water penetration evaluated
by Test Method C1601.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see Section 6.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C270 Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
C1601 Test Method for Field Determination of Water Penetration of Masonry Wall Surfaces
4
2.2 The Masonry Society Standards:
TMS 402/ACI 530 ⁄ASCE 5 Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures
TMS 602/ACI 530.1 ⁄ASCE 6 Specifications for Masonry Structures
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 dampness, n—visual change in the appearance of a material due to the presence of water.
3.1.2 surface water penetration, n—water that passespassage of water through the exterior face of the masonry.
3.1.3 through-wall water penetration, n—surface water that penetrates passage of water through a wall and exits the appearance
of the water on the interior face of the masonry.
3.1.4 water penetration, n—water that passes into or through the masonry.
3.1.5 wind-driven rain, n—rain water that is directed against the surface of the wall by wind.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.04 on Research.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014July 1, 2014. Published February 2014July 2014. Originally approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 20112014 as
E514/E514M – 11.E514/E514M – 14. DOI: 10.1520/E0514_E0514M-14.10.1520/E0514_E0514M-14A.
2
This test method is based upon those used by the National Bureau of Standards and described in NBS Report BMS7, “Water Permeability of Masonry Walls,” 1933, and
NBS Report BMS82, “Water Permeability of Walls Built of Masonry Units,” 1942.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Published by The Masonry Society, www.masonrysociety.org; American Concrete Institute, www.aci-int.org; and American Society of Civil Engineers,
www.asce.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E514/E514M − 14a
3.2 For additional definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C1232.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method provides information that aids in evaluating the effect of four principal variables: materials, coatings, wall
design, and workmanship.
4.2 Water penetration and leakage through masonry
...