ASTM E951-94(2006)
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Testing of Non-Commercial Mosquito Repellent Formulations On the Skin (Withdrawn 2015)
Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Testing of Non-Commercial Mosquito Repellent Formulations On the Skin (Withdrawn 2015)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The ED50 test provides an estimate of the amount of repellent that must be applied to the skin to produce a given level of effectiveness against the mosquito test population. The levels of effectiveness that are usually of interest are the 50 % level (for comparative purposes) and the 95 % level (for practical purposes). The ED50 test method is used to determine the effectiveness of a repellent against different kinds of mosquitoes or to compare the effectiveness of different repellents against any particular kind of mosquito. It may also be used to establish the dosages needed to provide protection under special conditions of climate, weather, activity, etc.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods apply to repellent compounds and formulations that can be appropriately diluted with ethanol, acetone, or a similar inert carrier for test purposes. The test methods described are not suitable for testing powders, sticks or other solid formulations, or for testing thixotropic or other fluids whose physical properties would be modified by dilution.
1.2 These test methods are designed and intended for use as a research standard to develop data on the efficacy of repellents applied to the skin of humans against laboratory-reared or field-collected mosquitoes. The use of these test methods will provide for the development of a data base whereby all investigators generate comparable data. Modifications of the equipment or procedures, or both, may be needed for tests against other kinds of biting arthropods.
1.3 The test methods are intended for use in testing materials that are in an advanced stage of development, for which human-use trials can be fully justified on scientific and ethical grounds. The test methods are not designed for the testing of commercial formulations where registration or advertising claims data are required.
1.3.1 A repellent should not be considered for testing on humans before its efficacy has been demonstrated in in vitro, animal, or other nonhuman test systems.
1.3.2 A repellent should not be applied to the skin before its safety has been established in appropriate toxicological tests on animals or other test organisms.
1.3.3 No repellent should be tested on humans without the written consent of the test subjects and prior approval of competent authority, as designated in the applicable laws and regulations governing experimentation on humans.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
These test methods apply to repellent compounds and formulations that can be appropriately diluted with ethanol, acetone, or a similar inert carrier for test purposes. The test methods described are not suitable for testing powders, sticks or other solid formulations, or for testing thixotropic or other fluids whose physical properties would be modified by dilution.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E35 on Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents, these test methods were withdrawn in January 2015 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E951 − 94 (Reapproved2006)
Standard Test Methods for
Laboratory Testing of Non-Commercial Mosquito Repellent
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Formulations On the Skin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E951; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 These test methods apply to repellent compounds and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
formulations that can be appropriately diluted with ethanol,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
acetone, or a similar inert carrier for test purposes. The test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
methods described are not suitable for testing powders, sticks
or other solid formulations, or for testing thixotropic or other
2. Referenced Documents
fluids whose physical properties would be modified by dilu-
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion.
E939Test Method of Field Testing Topical Applications of
1.2 These test methods are designed and intended for use as
Compounds as Repellents for Medically Important and
aresearchstandardtodevelopdataontheefficacyofrepellents
Pest Arthropods (Including Insects, Ticks, and Mites):I
applied to the skin of humans against laboratory-reared or
Mosquitoes
field-collected mosquitoes. The use of these test methods will
2.2 Other Documents:
provide for the development of a data base whereby all
Directions for Abstractors and Section Editors of Chemical
investigators generate comparable data. Modifications of the 3
Abstracts
equipment or procedures, or both, may be needed for tests
Consolidated List of Approved Common Names of Insecti-
against other kinds of biting arthropods. 4
cides and Other Pesticides
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1.3 The test methods are intended for use in testing mate- Common Names of Insects and Related Organisms
rials that are in an advanced stage of development, for which
3. Apparatus
human-use trials can be fully justified on scientific and ethical
grounds. The test methods are not designed for the testing of
3.1 Test Cage—The following design and materials have
commercial formulations where registration or advertising
been found suitable for construction of the mosquito cage (see
claims data are required. Fig. 1):
1.3.1 A repellent should not be considered for testing on
3.1.1 The cage is rectangular in shape, length, width, and
humans before its efficacy has been demonstrated in in vitro, height is approximately 7.2 by 2 by 1.6 in. (18 by 5 by 4 cm).
animal, or other nonhuman test systems.
The top of the cage (5 by 18 cm) is made of metal or plastic
1.3.2 Arepellent should not be applied to the skin before its mosquito screening, and the sides, ends, and floor are made of
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safetyhasbeenestablishedinappropriatetoxicologicaltestson
⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) clear acrylic plastic.
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animals or other test organisms. 3.1.2 Five 1 ⁄8 in. (29 mm) circular openings are drilled in
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1.3.3 No repellent should be tested on humans without the
line on 1 ⁄8 in. (35 mm) centers in the floor of the cage.
written consent of the test subjects and prior approval of 3.1.3 The two sides and one of the ends of the cage are
competent authority, as designated in the applicable laws and
groovedandslottedtoreceiveaflexiblerectangularslidemade
regulations governing experimentation on humans. of 0.012 in. (0.3 mm) cellulose acetate sheeting. The slide
shouldmovefreelyoverthefloorofthecagetoopenandclose
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
the five openings.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
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These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Pesticides, Antimicrobials, and Alternative Control Agents and are the direct the ASTM website.
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responsibility of Subcommittee E35.12 on Insect Control Agents. Available from the American Chemical Society, 1155 16th St., N.W.,
Current edition approved April 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originally Washington, D.C. 20036.
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approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E951–94 (2005). Available from the Entomological Society ofAmerica, 10001 Derekwood Ln.,
DOI: 10.1520/E0951-94R06. Ste. 100, Lanham, MD 20706–4876.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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