ASTM D3091-72(1997)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Safe Filling of Low-Pressure Pressurized Products
Standard Practice for Safe Filling of Low-Pressure Pressurized Products
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the filling of low-pressure pressurized products, either in the laboratory or in production.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 2.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
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e1
Designation: D 3091 – 72 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Practice for
Safe Filling of Low-Pressure Pressurized Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3091; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Section 6 was revised editorially in September 1997.
1. Scope 3.1.2 Chemicals—Suitable storage for flammable chemicals
and concentrates should be available. Any glass containers
1.1 This practice covers the filling of low-pressure pressur-
should be handled with care to avoid breakage.
ized products, either in the laboratory or in production.
3.2 Handling Propellants and Concentrates:
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.1 Propellants—Laboratory personnel should be care-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
fully instructed in preventing burns and freezing when han-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dling propellants with low boiling points. Precautions should
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
be taken for the possible accumulation of propellants to a point
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
where the normal oxygen content is decreased. Adequate vents
precautionary statements, see Section 2.
should be supplied. When venting the propellants from pres-
2. General Safety Precautions sure burets or cold filling lines, precautions should be taken to
prevent over accumulations of propellant vapors, and to
2.1 Suitable storage should be supplied, both in the plant
minimize flammability hazards.
and laboratory, for toxic or flammable substances. Manufac-
3.2.2 Concentrates—Proper ventilation should be provided
turers’ labels should be observed for toxicity or flammability
for the handling of highly toxic liquids. Manufacturers’ in-
information.
structions should be observed for toxicity information concern-
2.2 Adequate fire extinguishers should be located at vital
ing the raw materials used. Personnel should be instructed not
points in the plant and laboratory. For small laboratory fires an
to smoke or have any burners working in the vicinity of the use
extinguisher such as carbon dioxide is probably more suitable,
of flammable liquids.
since it is cleaner in operation.
3.3 Handling of Sealing Machinery:
2.3 Suitable first aid equipment should be available in both
3.3.1 All laboratory machinery, such as crimpers and seam-
the plant and laboratory. Personnel should be instructed in
ers, should have adequate protection at those portions where
proper first aid treatment to be used for different types of
accidents may occur. For example, all moving belts on seamers
injuries that may occur.
should have guards or protective shields, or a device should be
2.4 Safe practices should be encouraged by lectures and
installed on crimpers to eliminate the possibility of getting
constant reminders, such as posters, on the value of safety
hands caught between the crimping head and the can.
procedures.
3.3.2 When sealing valves onto glass containers, care
2.5 New operations should be inspected closely for any
should be taken so that the machinery does not damage the
possible hazards, and necessary means should be devised to
bottle, thereby causing possible future hazards when the bottle
guard against such hazards.
and contents are examined at elevated temperatures. All crimps
3. Laboratory Research and Experimental Work
and seams should be carefully inspected before the units are
brought to higher temperatures, thereby minimizing future
3.1 Storage of Propellants and Chemicals:
accidents due to defective containers.
3.1.1 Propellants—Cylinders should be stored in cool, dry,
3.3.3 All crimping of both glass and metal containers should
accessible places. Care should be exercised in handling cylin-
be measured in accordance with industry standards as to depth,
ders so that they do not drop or strike each other violently.
diameter (in the case of cans), and depth and run-out (in the
When cylinders are tapped, all connectors should be leak-free.
case of glass), to assure adequacy of the crimp prior to the
insertion of the unit in a hot-water bath or high-temperature
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging
storage program.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.33 on Mechanical Dispensers.
3.4 Handling of Containers:
This practice was originally developed by the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers
3.4.1 All aerosol containers can be hazardous in laboratory
Association.
work, regardless of whether the containers are of plain glass,
Current edition approved July 28, 1972. Published November 1972.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3091
safety-coated glass, or metal. The following precautions should 4.1.2.2 Store the containers in a cool, dry, accessible place,
be observed: keeping them away from salt or other corrosive chemicals or
3.4.1.1 Guard against overfills. When using a new type of fumes as rusting will damage the containers and cause the
container, determine what is a safe fill before packing it. valve hoods to stick. The containers must not be dropped or
3.4.1.2 Guard against defective containers. Inspect all glass permitted to strike each other violently. To avoid this, securely
containers before use. Inspect all can seams for visible flaws. block the containers.
Take care not to damage the containers during the pack, as such
4.1.2.3 Do not tamper with the safety devices in the valve or
defects can cause serious accidents later on in the tests. Inspect
container.
and discard empty containers for defects such as dirt and rust,
4.1.2.4 Replace the brass on plastic protective caps on the
to prevent their use for samples and subsequent stability
valves of the cylinders to prevent dirt from entering the valves
programs.
and damage to the threads on the valve connections. Secure the
3.4.1.3 When examining containers in a hot-water tank,
valve hoods after the container has been emptied.
provide adequate protection such as safety shields.
4.1.2.5 If heat must be applied to propellant containers
3.4.1.4 Always wear protective face shields when working
proceed using one of the following: either (1) Apply hot air
with any container under pressure.
heat from steam coils, steam space heaters, or electric resis-
3.4.1.5 Always handle glassware under pressure carefully,
tance heaters but, do not immerse the container in a hot water
regardless of the pressure. All glassware under pressure should
bath or under any circumstances apply a blow torch or open
be covered with a protective screen or coating.
flame, or (2) Heat by the use of infrared lamps, using a
3.4.1.6 Guard against excessive pressure in all containers.
clamp-on thermocouple on the container surface to control the
3.4.1.7 Check storage oven mechanisms periodically to
lamps. An additional precaution against overheating is having
prevent the possibility of overruns in temperature that may
a cut-out switch on the lamp circuit that is actuated by the
cause explosions with the containers under heat storage tests.
pressure of the propellant by means of a direct connection to
Appropriate types of electrical equipment should be utilized
the container outlet line during the heating period.
when the oven is used for the storage of products containing
4.1.2.6 The excessive accumulation of propellant vapors at
flammable solvents or vapors. The ovens should be equipped
various points in the plant is another factor to be considered in
with adequate ventilation to prevent the build-up of vapors due
the handling of propellants. Although the vapors themselves
to leakage.
are relatively nontoxic, the tendency is for a decrease in the
3.4.1.8 Perform all spray testing of valves in an adequately
oxygen content of the atmosphere. Excessive vapors will
vented hood.
probably accumulate on the floor around the filling line, due to
3.4.1.9 When conducting open- and closed-drum tests,
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