ASTM D3091-72(2016)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Safe Filling of Low-Pressure Pressurized Products (Withdrawn 2023)
Standard Practice for Safe Filling of Low-Pressure Pressurized Products (Withdrawn 2023)
ABSTRACT
This practice covers the procedures for filling low-pressure pressurized products in laboratory research and experimental work and in commercial refrigeration and pressure filling. Propellants and chemicals should be properly stored and handled. Care should be taken when handling sealing machinery such as crimpers and seamers and aerosol containers. Safety equipment should be installed and all basic and additional safety precautions should be properly disseminated and observed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the filling of low-pressure pressurized products, either in the laboratory or in production.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 2.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covered the filling of low-pressure pressurized products, either in the laboratory or in production.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D10 on Packaging, this practice was withdrawn in December 2023. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because the Household and Consumer Products Association (HCPA) offers standards for Aerosol Products.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D3091 − 72 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Safe Filling of Low-Pressure Pressurized Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3091; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Laboratory Research and Experimental Work
1.1 This practice covers the filling of low-pressure pressur-
3.1 Storage of Propellants and Chemicals:
ized products, either in the laboratory or in production.
3.1.1 Propellants—Cylinders should be stored in cool, dry,
accessible places. Care should be exercised in handling cylin-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
ders so that they do not drop or strike each other violently.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
When cylinders are tapped, all connectors should be leak-free.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1.2 Chemicals—Suitable storage for flammable chemicals
and are not considered standard.
and concentrates should be available. Any glass containers
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
should be handled with care to avoid breakage.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Handling Propellants and Concentrates :
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1 Propellants—Laboratory personnel should be care-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
fully instructed in preventing burns and freezing when han-
precautionary statements, see Section 2.
dling propellants with low boiling points. Precautions should
be taken for the possible accumulation of propellants to a point
2. General Safety Precautions
where the normal oxygen content is decreased.Adequate vents
should be supplied. When venting the propellants from pres-
2.1 Suitable storage should be supplied, both in the plant
sure burets or cold filling lines, precautions should be taken to
and laboratory, for toxic or flammable substances. Manufac-
prevent over accumulations of propellant vapors, and to
turers’ labels should be observed for toxicity or flammability
minimize flammability hazards.
information.
3.2.2 Concentrates—Proper ventilation should be provided
2.2 Adequate fire extinguishers should be located at vital
for the handling of highly toxic liquids. Manufacturers’ in-
points in the plant and laboratory. For small laboratory fires an
structions should be observed for toxicity information concern-
extinguisher such as carbon dioxide is probably more suitable,
ing the raw materials used. Personnel should be instructed not
since it is cleaner in operation.
to smoke or have any burners working in the vicinity of the use
2.3 Suitable first aid equipment should be available in both of flammable liquids.
the plant and laboratory. Personnel should be instructed in
3.3 Handling of Sealing Machinery :
proper first aid treatment to be used for different types of
3.3.1 All laboratory machinery, such as crimpers and
injuries that may occur.
seamers, should have adequate protection at those portions
2.4 Safe practices should be encouraged by lectures and
where accidents may occur. For example, all moving belts on
constant reminders, such as posters, on the value of safety
seamers should have guards or protective shields, or a device
procedures.
should be installed on crimpers to eliminate the possibility of
getting hands caught between the crimping head and the can.
2.5 New operations should be inspected closely for any
3.3.2 When sealing valves onto glass containers, care
possible hazards, and necessary means should be devised to
guard against such hazards. should be taken so that the machinery does not damage the
bottle, thereby causing possible future hazards when the bottle
and contents are examined at elevated temperatures.All crimps
and seams should be carefully inspected before the units are
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging
brought to higher temperatures, thereby minimizing future
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.33 on Mechanical Dispensers.
This practice was originally developed by the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers accidents due to defective containers.
Association.
3.3.3 Allcrimpingofbothglassandmetalcontainersshould
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally
be measured in accordance with industry standards as to depth,
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3091 – 72(2008).
DOI: 10.1520/D3091-72R16. diameter (in the case of cans), and depth and run-out (in the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3091 − 72 (2016)
case of glass), to assure adequacy of the crimp prior to the those unloading the cylinders that all grabbing hooks and
insertion of the unit in a hot-water bath or high-temperature chains are to be secured before unloading.
storage program.
4.1.2 Safe methods for storing and tapping cylinders are as
follows:
3.4 Handling of Containers:
4.1.2.1 Cylinders are protected from excessive pressures
3.4.1 All aerosol containers can be hazardous in laboratory
due to heat by fusible plugs in the container and valves that
work, regardless of whether the containers are of plain glass,
melt at 157°F (69°C). Never permit live steam or direct flame
safety-coated glass, or metal.The following precautions should
to be applied to any part of the container.
be observed:
4.1.2.2 Store the containers in a cool, dry, accessible place,
3.4.1.1 Guard against overfills. When using a new type of
keeping them away from salt or other corrosive chemicals or
container, determine what is a safe fill before packing it.
fumes as rusting will damage the containers and cause the
3.4.1.2 Guard against defective containers. Inspect all glass
valve hoods to stick. The containers must not be dropped or
containers before use. Inspect all can seams for visible flaws.
permitted to strike each other violently. To avoid this, securely
Takecarenottodamagethecontainersduringthepack,assuch
block the containers.
defects can cause serious accidents later on in the tests. Inspect
4.1.2.3 Do not tamper with the safety devices in the valve or
and discard empty containers for defects such as dirt and rust,
container.
to prevent their use for samples and subsequent stability
programs.
4.1.2.4 Replace the brass on plastic protective caps on the
3.4.1.3 When examining containers in a hot-water tank, valves of the cylinders to prevent dirt from entering the valves
provide adequate protection such as safety shields. and damage to the threads on the valve connections. Secure the
valve hoods after the container has been emptied.
3.4.1.4 Always wear protective face shields when working
with any container under pressure. 4.1.2.5 If heat must be applied to propellant containers
3.4.1.5 Always handle glassware under pressure carefully, proceed using one of the following: either (1) Apply hot air
regardless of the pressure.All glassware under pressure should heat from steam coils, steam space heaters, or electric resis-
tance heaters but, do not immerse the container in a hot water
be covered with a protective screen or coating.
bath or under any circumstances apply a blow torch or open
3.4.1.6 Guard against excessive pressure in all containers.
flame, or (2) Heat by the use of infrared lamps, using a
3.4.1.7 Check storage oven mechanisms periodically to
clamp-on thermocouple on the container surface to control the
prevent the possibility of overruns in temperature that may
lamps. An additional precaution against overheating is having
cause explosions with the containers under heat storage tests.
a cut-out switch on the lamp circuit that is actuated by the
Appropriate types of electrical equipment should be utilized
pressure of the propellant by means of a direct connection to
when the oven is used for the storage of products containing
the container outlet line during the heating period.
flammable solvents or vapors. The ovens should be equipped
with ade
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3091 − 72 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Practice for
Safe Filling of Low-Pressure Pressurized Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3091; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Laboratory Research and Experimental Work
1.1 This practice covers the filling of low-pressure pressur- 3.1 Storage of Propellants and Chemicals:
ized products, either in the laboratory or in production.
3.1.1 Propellants—Cylinders should be stored in cool, dry,
accessible places. Care should be exercised in handling cylin-
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
ders so that they do not drop or strike each other violently.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
When cylinders are tapped, all connectors should be leak-free.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.1.2 Chemicals—Suitable storage for flammable chemicals
and are not considered standard.
and concentrates should be available. Any glass containers
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
should be handled with care to avoid breakage.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2 Handling Propellants and Concentrates :
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.1 Propellants—Laboratory personnel should be care-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
fully instructed in preventing burns and freezing when han-
precautionary statements, see Section 2.
dling propellants with low boiling points. Precautions should
be taken for the possible accumulation of propellants to a point
2. General Safety Precautions
where the normal oxygen content is decreased. Adequate vents
should be supplied. When venting the propellants from pres-
2.1 Suitable storage should be supplied, both in the plant
sure burets or cold filling lines, precautions should be taken to
and laboratory, for toxic or flammable substances. Manufac-
prevent over accumulations of propellant vapors, and to
turers’ labels should be observed for toxicity or flammability
minimize flammability hazards.
information.
3.2.2 Concentrates—Proper ventilation should be provided
2.2 Adequate fire extinguishers should be located at vital
for the handling of highly toxic liquids. Manufacturers’ in-
points in the plant and laboratory. For small laboratory fires an
structions should be observed for toxicity information concern-
extinguisher such as carbon dioxide is probably more suitable,
ing the raw materials used. Personnel should be instructed not
since it is cleaner in operation.
to smoke or have any burners working in the vicinity of the use
2.3 Suitable first aid equipment should be available in both
of flammable liquids.
the plant and laboratory. Personnel should be instructed in
3.3 Handling of Sealing Machinery :
proper first aid treatment to be used for different types of
3.3.1 All laboratory machinery, such as crimpers and
injuries that may occur.
seamers, should have adequate protection at those portions
2.4 Safe practices should be encouraged by lectures and
where accidents may occur. For example, all moving belts on
constant reminders, such as posters, on the value of safety
seamers should have guards or protective shields, or a device
procedures.
should be installed on crimpers to eliminate the possibility of
getting hands caught between the crimping head and the can.
2.5 New operations should be inspected closely for any
possible hazards, and necessary means should be devised to 3.3.2 When sealing valves onto glass containers, care
should be taken so that the machinery does not damage the
guard against such hazards.
bottle, thereby causing possible future hazards when the bottle
and contents are examined at elevated temperatures. All crimps
and seams should be carefully inspected before the units are
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging
brought to higher temperatures, thereby minimizing future
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.33 on Mechanical Dispensers.
This practice was originally developed by the Chemical Specialties Manufacturers accidents due to defective containers.
Association.
3.3.3 All crimping of both glass and metal containers should
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2016. Published October 2016. Originally
be measured in accordance with industry standards as to depth,
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3091 – 72(2008).
DOI: 10.1520/D3091-72R16. diameter (in the case of cans), and depth and run-out (in the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D3091 − 72 (2016)
case of glass), to assure adequacy of the crimp prior to the those unloading the cylinders that all grabbing hooks and
insertion of the unit in a hot-water bath or high-temperature chains are to be secured before unloading.
storage program.
4.1.2 Safe methods for storing and tapping cylinders are as
follows:
3.4 Handling of Containers:
4.1.2.1 Cylinders are protected from excessive pressures
3.4.1 All aerosol containers can be hazardous in laboratory
due to heat by fusible plugs in the container and valves that
work, regardless of whether the containers are of plain glass,
melt at 157°F (69°C). Never permit live steam or direct flame
safety-coated glass, or metal. The following precautions should
to be applied to any part of the container.
be observed:
4.1.2.2 Store the containers in a cool, dry, accessible place,
3.4.1.1 Guard against overfills. When using a new type of
keeping them away from salt or other corrosive chemicals or
container, determine what is a safe fill before packing it.
fumes as rusting will damage the containers and cause the
3.4.1.2 Guard against defective containers. Inspect all glass
valve hoods to stick. The containers must not be dropped or
containers before use. Inspect all can seams for visible flaws.
permitted to strike each other violently. To avoid this, securely
Take care not to damage the containers during the pack, as such
block the containers.
defects can cause serious accidents later on in the tests. Inspect
4.1.2.3 Do not tamper with the safety devices in the valve or
and discard empty containers for defects such as dirt and rust,
container.
to prevent their use for samples and subsequent stability
programs. 4.1.2.4 Replace the brass on plastic protective caps on the
3.4.1.3 When examining containers in a hot-water tank, valves of the cylinders to prevent dirt from entering the valves
provide adequate protection such as safety shields. and damage to the threads on the valve connections. Secure the
valve hoods after the container has been emptied.
3.4.1.4 Always wear protective face shields when working
with any container under pressure.
4.1.2.5 If heat must be applied to propellant containers
3.4.1.5 Always handle glassware under pressure carefully, proceed using one of the following: either (1) Apply hot air
heat from steam coils, steam space heaters, or electric resis-
regardless of the pressure. All glassware under pressure should
be covered with a protective screen or coating. tance heaters but, do not immerse the container in a hot water
bath or under any circumstances apply a blow torch or open
3.4.1.6 Guard against excessive pressure in all containers.
flame, or (2) Heat by the use of infrared lamps, using a
3.4.1.7 Check storage oven mechanisms periodically to
clamp-on thermocouple on the container surface to control the
prevent the possibility of overruns in temperature that may
lamps. An additional precaution against overheating is having
cause explosions with the containers under heat storage tests.
a cut-out switch on the lamp circuit that is actuated by the
Appropriate types of electrical equipment should be utilized
pressure of the propellant by means of a direct connection to
when the oven is used for the storage of products containing
the container outlet line during the heating period.
flammable solvents or vapors. The ovens should be equipped
4.1.2.6 The excessive accumulation of propellant vapors at
with adequate ventilation to prevent the build-up of
...
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