ASTM A556/A556M-96(2001)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes
Standard Specification for Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater Heater Tubes
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum-wall-thickness, seamless cold-drawn carbon steel tubes including bending into the form of U-tubes, if specified, for use in tubular feedwater heaters.
1.2 The tubing sizes covered shall be 5/8 to 1 ¼-in. [15.9 to 31.8-mm] outside diameter, inclusive, with minimum wall thicknesses equal to or greater than 0.045 in. [1.1 mm].
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided, and when desired, shall be stated in the order.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the "M" designation of this specification is specified in the order.
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Designation: A 556/A 556M – 96 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Specification for
Seamless Cold-Drawn Carbon Steel Feedwater Heater
Tubes
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationA556/A556M;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyear
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of pieces),
2 3.1.2 Name of material (seamless steel tubing),
1.1 This specification covers minimum-wall-thickness,
3.1.3 Dimensions (outside diameter and minimum wall
seamless cold-drawn carbon steel tubes including bending into
thickness),
the form of U-tubes, if specified, for use in tubular feedwater
3.1.4 Length (specific or random),
heaters.
3.1.5 Manufacture (cold drawn),
5 1
1.2 The tubing sizes covered shall be ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4-in. [15.9 to
3.1.6 Grade (chemical composition),
31.8-mm] outside diameter, inclusive, with minimum wall
3.1.7 Optional requirements,
thicknesses equal to or greater than 0.045 in. [1.1 mm].
3.1.8 Bending Requirements— If order specifies tubes to be
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided, and
bent, the design of the U-tubes shall accompany the order.
when desired, shall be stated in the order.
Purchaser must specify if stress-relief anneal of the U-bends is
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
required,
are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text,
3.1.9 Test report required (see Certification Section of
the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
Specification A450/A450M),
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
3.1.10 Specification number, and
beusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthe
3.1.11 Specialrequirementsandanysupplementaryrequire-
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
ments selected.
cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”
designation of this specification is specified in the order.
4. General Requirements
2. Referenced Documents 4.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to
the applicable requirements of the current edition of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Specification A 450/A 450M, unless otherwise provided
A450/A450M Specification for General Requirements for
herein.
Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes
E30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast
5. Manufacture
Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron
5.1 Manufacture—Tubes shall be made by the seamless
3. Ordering Information process and shall be cold drawn.
5.2 Heat Treatment:
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
5.2.1 Cold-drawn tubes shall be heat treated after the final
include the following as required to describe the desired
cold-drawpassatatemperatureof1200°F[640°C]orhigherto
material adequately:
ensure ductility satisfactory for rolling into tube sheets and to
meet mechanical properties as specified.
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM CommitteeA01 on Steel,
5.2.2 If stress-relief anneal of the U-bends is specified, the
StainlessSteel,andRelatedAlloys,andisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee
anneal shall consist of heating the bent portion within a range
A01.09 on Carbon Steel Tubular Products.
of 1100 to 1200°F [585 to 640°C].
Current edition approved October 10, 1996. Published October 1997. Originally
e1
published as A556–65. Last previous edition A556–90 (l995) .
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- 6. Chemical Composition
cation SA-556 in Section II of that Code.
6.1 The steel shall conform to one of the requirements as to
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
chemical composition as prescribed in Table 1.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
A 556/A 556M – 96 (2001)
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements TABLE 3 Hardness Requirements
Element Composition, % Grade A2 HR B 72
Grade B2 HR B 79
Grade A2 Grade B2 Grade C2
Grade C2 HR B 89
Carbon, max 0.18 0.27 0.30
Manganese 0.27–0.63 0.29–0.93 0.29–1.06
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.035 0.035
deviatefromnominalbymorethan10%.If1 ⁄2Disspecified,
Sulfur, max 0.035 0.035 0.035
Silicon, min . 0.10 0.10
tolerances could be greater.
9.2 Permissible variations from the specified minimum wall
thickness shall not exceed +20% or −0. The wall thickness of
the tube in U-bent section shall be not less than value
6.2 When a grade is ordered under this specification, sup-
determined by:
plying an alloy grade that specifically requires the addition of
any element other than those listed for the ordered grade in
t 5T ~2R!/ ~2R1D! (1)
f
Table 1 is not permitted.
where:
7. ProductAnalysis t = wall thickness after bending, in. [mm],
f
T = specified minimum tube wall thickness, in. [mm],
7.1 When requested in the purchase order, a product analy-
R = centerline bend radius, in. [mm], and
sisshallbemadebythemanufacturerorsupplierfromonetube
D = nominal outside tube diameter, in. [mm].
or billet per heat.
9.3 In the case of U-tubes, the length of the tube legs as
7.2 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of
measured from the point of tangency of the bend and the tube
two additional tubes or billets shall be made. Both retests for
legtotheendofthetubelegshallnotbelessthanspecified,but
the elements in question shall meet the requirements of this
may exceed the specified values by the amount given in Table
specification; otherwise, all remaining material in the heat or
4.Thedifferenceinlengthsofthetubelegsshallnotbegreater
lot (Note 1) shall be rejected or, at the option of the producer,
than ⁄8 in. [3 mm] unless otherwise specified.
eachtubemaybeindividuallytestedforacceptance.Tubesthat
9.4 The end of any tube may depart from square by not
do not meet the requirements of this specification shall be
more than the amount given in Table 5.
rejected.
9.5 The leg spacing measured between the points of tan-
NOTE 1—For tension and hardness test requirements, the term lot
gency of the bend to the legs shall not vary from the value (2R
appliestoalltubespriortocutting,ofthesamenominaldiameterandwall 1
− specified tube OD) by more than ⁄16 in. [1.5 mm] whereR is
thicknesswhichareproducedfromthesameheatofsteel.Whenfinalheat
the centerline bend radius.
treatment is in a batch-type furnace, a lot shall include only those tubes of
9.6 The bent portion of the U-tube shall be substantially
thesamesizeandthesameheatwhichareheattreatedinthesamefurnace
uniformincurvatureandnotexceed 6 ⁄16in.[61.5mm]ofthe
charge.Whenthefinalheattreatmentisinacontinuousfurnace,alotshall
includealltubesofthesamesizeandheat,heattreatedinthesamefurnace normal centerline radius.
at the same temperature, time at heat and furnace speed.
10. Workmanship, Finish, andAppearance
7.3 For referee purposes, Test Methods E30 shall be used.
10.1 Finished tubes shall be free from scale but may have a
superficialoxidefilmonthesurfaces.Alightoxidescaleonthe
8. Mechanical Properties
outside and inside surfaces of U-bend shall be allowed for
8.1 Tensile Properties—The material shall conform to the
tubes which have been heat treated.
requirements as to tensile properties prescribed in Table 2,
10.2 Finished tubes shall be reasonably straight and have
when pulled in full section.
smooth ends free from burrs. Tubes shall have a workmanlike
8.2 HardnessRequirements—Thetubesshallnotexceedthe
finish and shall be free of surface imperfections that cannot be
Rockwell Hardness shown in Table 3.
removed within the allowable wall tolerances. Removal of
surface imperfections such as handling marks, straightening
9. Permissible Variations in Dimensions (Fig. 1)
marks, light mandrel and die marks, shallow pits, and scale
9.1 Permissible variations from the specified outside diam-
pattern will not be required provided they are within the
eter shall not exceed 60.004 in. [0.10 mm] for tubing under
allowable wall tolerances.
1.0-in. [25.4-mm] outside diameter nor 60.006 in. [0.15 mm]
10.3 Finished tubes shall be coated both on the outside and
for tubing 1.0 in. [25.4 mm] to 1.25 in. [31.7 mm] inclusive.
the inside diameter to prevent corrosion in transit. The type of
These tolerances do not apply to the bent portion of the
coating applied should be mutually agreed upon and specified
U-tubes. At the bent portion of a U-tube for R=2 3 D or
in the order.
greater neither the major nor minor diameter of tube shall
11. Mechanical Tests Required
TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
11.1 Tension Test—One tension test shall be made on a
Grade A2 Grade B2 Grade C2
specimenforlotsofnotmorethan50tubes.Tensiontestsshall
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 47 [320] 60 [410] 70 [480] be made on specimens from two tubes for lots of more than 50
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 26 [180] 37 [260] 40 [280]
tubes (Note 1).
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, 35 30 30
11.2 Flattening Test—One flattening test shall be made on
min, % (longitudinal)
specimens taken from each end of one finished tube, not the
A 556/A 556M – 96 (2001)
FIG. 1 Bent Portion of U-Tube
TABLE 4 Tube Leg Length Tolerance
12. Nondestructive Test (Electric Test)
Leg Length, ft [m] Plus Tolerance in. [mm]
12.1 Each tube shall be tested after the finish heat treatment
Up to 20 [6], incl ⁄8 [3.2]
following the final cold-drawn pass by passing through a
Over 20 to 30 [6 to 9], incl ⁄32 [4.0]
nondestructive tester capable of detecting defects on the entire
Over 30 to 40 [9 to 12.2], incl ⁄16 [4.8]
cross section of the tube, in accordance with Specification
A450/A450M.
TABLE 5 Squareness of Ends Tolerance
13. Packaging and Package Marking
Tube OD, in. [mm] Tolerance,
in. [mm]
13.1 The tubing shall be packaged or bundled in such a
⁄8 [15.9] 0.010 [0.25]
manner as to prevent damage in ordinary handling and trans-
5 1
Over ⁄8 to 1 ⁄4 [15.9 to 31.7], incl 0.016 [0.4]
portation and identified by a tag with the name of the
manufacturer, purchase order number, specification number
and grade, and size.
oneusedfortheflaringtest,fromeachlotofnotmorethan125
13.2 InthecaseofU-tubes,eachboxshallbepalletizedand
tubes or fraction thereof.
legibly marked showing the manufacturer’s name, purchase
11.3 Flaring Test—One flaring test shall be made on speci-
order number, specification number and grade, size, and
mens taken from each end of one finished tube, not the one
identification of items contained.
used for flattening test, from each lot of not more than 125
13.3 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 13.1
tubes or fraction thereof.
and 13.2, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identifi-
11.4 Hardness Test—Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests
cation method. The purchaser may specify in the order a
shall be made on specimens from two tubes fro
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