ASTM D146/D146M-04(2012)e1

Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Bitumen-Saturated Felts and Woven Fabrics for Roofing and Waterproofing

ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the sampling and examination of felts and woven fabrics, saturated or impregnated but not coated with asphaltic or coal-tar materials, for use in waterproofing or for the construction of built-up roof coverings. After appropriate sampling, representative specimens shall be examined for the mass of wrapping material and mandrel (core), net mass per unit area, appearance and dimension of rolls, detached comminuted surfacing, moisture, strength, pliability, and loss on heating. Consequently, desaturated felt or fabric shall be examined for weight, retained carbonaceous matter, total comminuted surfacing, bituminous saturant, thread count of fabrics, thickness of felts, and ash content.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and examination of felts or woven fabrics, saturated or impregnated but not coated with asphaltic or coal-tar materials, for use in waterproofing or for the construction of built-up roof coverings.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2012
• ICS: 91.100.50 - Binders. Sealing materials
• Technical Committee: D08 - Roofing and Waterproofing
• Drafting Committee: D08.04 - Felts, Fabrics and Bituminous Sheet Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation:D146/D146M −04 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Bitumen-Saturated Felts and Woven
Fabrics for Roofing and Waterproofing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D146/D146M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
ε NOTE—Units information was editorially corrected in June 2012.
1. Scope D645/D645MTest Method for Thickness of Paper and
Paperboard (Withdrawn 2010)
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and examination
D828Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and
of felts or woven fabrics, saturated or impregnated but not
PaperboardUsingConstant-Rate-of-ElongationApparatus
coated with asphaltic or coal-tar materials, for use in water-
(Withdrawn 2009)
proofing or for the construction of built-up roof coverings.
D1079Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
D1682Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation of
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Textile Fabric (Withdrawn 1992)
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
D1910Methods of Test for Construction Characteristics of
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
Woven Fabrics; Replaced by D3773, D3774, D3775,
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
D3776, D3882, D3883 (Withdrawn 1981)
with the standard.
D4072Test Method for Toluene-Insoluble (TI) Content of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Tar and Pitch
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the D4312Test Method for Toluene-Insoluble (TI) Content of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Tar and Pitch (Short Method)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Sampling
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 From each shipment of the specified saturated felt or
2. Referenced Documents
fabric, select at random a number of rolls equal to one half the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
cube root of the total number of rolls in the lot. If the
D95Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and
specification requires sampling during manufacture, consider
Bituminous Materials by Distillation
thelottobetheplannedproductionquantityandselecttherolls
at uniformly spaced time intervals throughout the production
1 period. The minimum sample shall consist of five rolls. If the
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on
calculated number is fractional, express it as the next highest
Roofing and Waterproofing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D08.04 on Felts, Fabrics and Bituminous Sheet Materials.
whole number. For convenience, the following table, showing
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally
the number of rolls to be selected from lots of various sizes, is
approved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D146–04. DOI:
given:
10.1520/D0146_D0146M-04R12E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D146/D146M−04 (2012)
2 2
g/m 5 A/BC oz/yd 5 1728 A/BC (2)
Number of Rolls in Shipment Number of Rolls in Sample ~ !
where:
Up to 1 000 5
1 001 to 1 728 6
A = net mass of rolls, kg [lb],
1 729 to 2 744 7
B = width of material, m [ft], and
2 745 to 4 096 8
C = length of material, m [ft].
4 097 to 5 832 9
5 833 to 8 000 10
Calculate the average net mass per unit area for the rolls in
8 001 to 10 648 11
10 649 to 13 842 12 the representative sample and record it as the average for the
13 843 to 17 576 13
lot.
17 577 to 21 952 14
10. Selecting a Representative Specimen
The rolls so selected constitute the representative sample
used for all subsequent observations and tests pertaining to the
10.1 Examine in detail the roll having the unit net mass
lot of material being examined. Identify each individual roll.
closest to the average unit net mass of the lot. Discard the
outside convolution and cut a specimen the full width of the
EXAMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE
roll. Make the cuts perpendicular to the sides of the roll,
straight and 750 mm [30 in.] apart, to the nearest 1 mm [ ⁄32
4. Gross Mass per Roll
in.]. Collect loose material, such as sand, if any, that may
4.1 Weigh each roll, intact, to the nearest 100 g [ ⁄4 lb], and
become detached from the specimen. Measure the width of the
record each weight as the gross mass of that roll.
specimen to the nearest 2 mm [ ⁄16 in.].Weigh it, together with
any detached surfacing, to the nearest 1 g. Calculate the net
5. Mass of Wrapping Material and Mandrel (Core)
mass per unit area as follows:
5.1 Strip each roll of its wrappings and weigh it to the
For Felts:
nearest100g[ ⁄4lb].Ifmandrels(cores)areused,collectthem
2 2
g/m 5 1333.3D/E lb/ft 5 1.0582 D/E (3)
~ !
after the rolls are unwound and weigh them together, to the
nearest 100 g [ ⁄4 lb]. Calculate the average mass of the For Fabrics:
wrappings and mandrels per roll and record.
2 2
g/m 5 1333.3D/E~oz/yd 5 1.5238 D/E! (4)
6. Mandrels (Cores)
where:
D = mass of the specimen, g, and
6.1 Determinetheshapeofthecrosssectionofthemandrels
E = width of the specimen, mm [in.].
(cores) and report. If circular, measure the outside diameter to
thenearest1mm[ ⁄32in.].Ifsquare,measureeachoutsideedge
The mass so determined shall be within 1% of the average
to the nearest 1 mm [ ⁄32 in.]. Measure and report the length of
net mass per unit area (Section 9). If the specimen so selected
the mandrel projecting beyond each end of each roll to the
fails to conform to this requirement, cut additional specimens
nearest 5 mm [ ⁄16 in.].
fromthesamerolluntiloneofthepropermassisobtained.Use
this specimen for further examination as described in Sections
7. Net Mass
11–16.
7.1 Subtract the average mass of the wrappings and man-
11. Detached Comminuted Surfacing
drels (Section 5) from the gross mass of each roll (Section 4)
11.1 If the material is surfaced with sand or other finely
and record as the net mass of each roll. Calculate the average
comminuted material, sweep the detached surfacing from the
netmassperrolloftherepresentativesampleandrecordasthe
representative specimen with an Osborn brush (or equivalent),
average for the lot.
brushing in one direction only. Combine the comminuted
8. Appearance and Dimensions of Rolls
material thus removed with the loose material, collected as
described in Section 10, and weigh both together to the nearest
8.1 Unwind the rolls. Observe the workmanship and finish,
2 2
1g.Calculatethismassing/m [lb⁄100ft ],record,andreport
and record pertinent defects. Measure and record the length of
as detached comminuted surfacing.
each roll to the nearest 25 mm [1 in.] and its width to the
nearest 1 mm [ ⁄16 in.]. Calculate and record the area of
NOTE 1—The Osborn No. 322 Master Duster is the brush prescribed in
2 2
material contained in each roll to the nearest 0.1 m [1 ft ]. Section 11. It is filled with Tampico fiber bristles projecting 73 mm [2.9
in.] from its holder.
8.2 Measureandrecordthewidthoftheselvageofeachroll
12. Moisture
to the nearest 1 mm [ ⁄16 in.].
12.1 From the representative specimen, cut four 50- by
9. Net Mass per Unit Area
460-mm[2-by18-in.]testspecimens,asshowninA-1andA-2
9.1 From the net mass (Section 7) and the dimensions
(Section 8), calculate the net mass per unit area for each roll,
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Osborn No. 322 Master Duster)
known to the committee at this time is Osborn Manufacturing Co., 5401 Hamilton
as follows:
Ave., Cleveland, OH 44114. (If required in less than dozen lots, the order must be
For Felts:
marked “ForASTMTest.”) If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide
2 2
this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive
g/m 5 A/BC lb/100 ft 5 1200 A/BC (1)
~ !
careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which
For Fabrics: you may attend.
´1
D146/D146M−04 (2012)
ofFig.1.Cuttheminto25-mm[1-in.]squaresandselectabout 5%. Determine the strength in accordance with Test Method
50g,atrandom.Weightothenearest0.1ganddistillwith100 D828, except as modified herein. At the start of the test, set
mL of solvent as prescribed in Test Method D95. Read the apart the edges of the jaws of the clamps at 75 6 3 mm [3.0 6
volumeofwatercollectedinthetrapandcalculatetogramson 0.1in.].Useapendulum-typetensiletesterwithadrivenclamp
the basis that 1 mL weighs 1 g. Calculate the moisture to the speed of 305 mm [12 in.]/min, or a load-cell-type tensile tester
nearest 0.5% of the mass of the specimen used (including the with a rate of jaw separation of 51 mm [2 in.]/min, and a
detachedcomminutedsurfacing,ifany)andreportasmoisture, response time of 1.25 s (or faster). Cut additional strips from
percentage of net mass. adjacent areas of the representative specimen when needed
because of discarded specimens or false breaks. False breaks
NOTE 2—Any sample taken for determination of moisture shall be
occur within 1 in. of the clamping surfaces of the tensile tester
protected from the time of sampling against change in moisture by
jaws. Average the ten readings for each set and multiply by
enclosing it in a substantially moisture-proof container.
0.04 to yield the strength in kN/m. Report to the nearest 0.1
13. Strength
kN/m for both with and across the fiber grain, respectively.
13.1.2 Precision —The following data should be used for
13.1 Felts:
judging the acceptability of results (95% probability) on
13.1.1 From the representative specimen, cut ten rectangu-
samples from the same lot from the same supplier:
lar test strips, 25 by 150 mm [1 by 6 in.] with the fiber grain,
13.1.2.1 Repeatability—Duplicate results by the same op-
as shown at B-1 to B-10 in Fig. 1, and ten strips across the
erator should not be considered suspect unless they differ by
grain, as shown at C-1 to C-10 in Fig. 1. Discard any
more than the following amount:
specimens of perforated felt in which a perforation is within 1
mm [ ⁄32 in.] of an edge. Condition both sets in air at 23 6 2°C
[73.4 6 3.6°F] for at least 2 h, and test in a room maintained
at the same temperature. In case of dispute, specimens shall 5
Supporting data are available fromASTM International Headquarters. Request
also be conditioned in a controlled relative humidity of 50 6 RR:D08-1005.
mm 25 50 100 150 300 750
in. 1 2 4 6 12 30
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres.
FIG. 1Location of Test Pieces in Representative Specimen
´1
D146/D146M−04 (2012)
weigh each specimen. Calculate the average loss to the nearest
Pendulum method ±15 %
Load-Cell method ±15 %
0.5% of the specimen weights (including the detached com-
minuted surfacing, if any). Report this figure as the loss on
13.1.2.2 Reproducibility—The results submitted by each of
two laboratories should not be considered suspect unless they heating. Subtract the percentage of moisture and report as the
differ by more than the following amounts: loss on heating exclusive of moisture.
Pendulum method ±15 %
EXAMINATION OF DESATURATED FELT OR
Load-Cell method ±15 %
FABRIC
13.2 Fabrics—From the representative specimen, cut five
100- by 150-mm [4- by 6-in.] test pieces with the longer
16. Weight of Desaturated Felt or Fabric
dimensionparalleltothewarpyarns,asshownatE-1toE-5in
Fig. 1. Test these pieces at 21 6 1°C [69.8 6 1.8°F] in
16.1 Cut a 50 6 0.5-mm [2 6 ⁄64-in.] strip from the
accordance with the grab method described in Test Methods
representative specimen as shown at H in Fig. 1. Measure its
D1682.
lengthtothenearest1mm[ ⁄32in.]andcalculateitsareatothe
2 2
nearest 500 mm [1 in. ]. Extract the test strip with 1,1,1-
NOTE 3—As a referee method, or in case any dispute arises regarding
trichloroethane or other suitable solvent (see Note 4)ina
thestrength,repeatthetest,withtheexceptionthatthefabricbeforebeing
tested shall be exposed at least2hinan atmosphere of 65% relative suitable extractor (such as the one shown in Fig. 2)or
humidity at 21 6 1°C [69.8 6 1.8°F].
centrifuge until washings are colorless. Dry the extracted
specimen in the basket or thimble, first at room temperature in
14. Pliability
aventilatedfumechamberandtheninaventilatedovenat105
14.1 Felts—From the representative specimen, cut ten 25- 6 3°C [221 6 5°F], and cool in a desiccator. Remove the
by200-mm[1-by8-in.]testpieces,fiveinthedirectionofand desaturated felt or fabric, brush off any adherent comminuted
five across the fiber grain, as shown at F-1 to F-5, and at G-1 surfacing into the filter, and quickly weigh the felt or fabric to
to G-5 in Fig. 1, respectively. Immerse them in water at 25 6 thenearest0.1g.Repeattheheating,coolingindesiccator,and
1°C[77 61.8°F]for10to15min;thenremoveeachspecimen weighing of the desaturated felt or fabric to constant weight.
separately and immediately bend it 90° over the rounded edge Fromtheareaofthespecimensandthemassofthedesaturated
of a block at a uniform speed in approximately 2 s. The block felt or fabric, calculate the mass per unit area of moisture-free
shall be 75 mm [3 in.] square by 50 mm [2 in.] thick, with one desaturated felt or fabric. Report this mass to the nearest 5
2 2 2
long edge rounded on a radius of 12.7 mm [0.50 in.] and g/m [0.1 lb/100ft ] for felts and to the nearest 10 g/m [ ⁄2
another edge on the same 75 mm [3 in.] face rounded on a oz/yd ] for fabrics.
radius of 19 mm [0.75 in.]. In bending, hold the specimen
16.2 Wherecoal-tarsaturanthasbeenused(seeSection17),
tightly against the upper 50-mm [2-in.] face of the block and
correctthemoisture-freeweightofthedesaturatedfeltorfabric
benditsprojectingendoverthespecifiedroundededgewithout
forcarbonaceousmatterretainedmechanicallyinitsinterstices
exerting any stress other than that required to keep the
by multiplying by (100-F)/100, where F is the percentage of
specimen in contact with the block and to avoid kinking.
retained carbonaceous matter as determined in Section 17.
Consider any sur
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D146–04 Designation: D146/D146M – 04 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Methods for
Sampling and Testing Bitumen-Saturated Felts and Woven
Fabrics for Roofing and Waterproofing
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D146/D146M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
´ NOTE—Units information was editorially corrected in June 2012.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and examination of felts or woven fabrics, saturated or impregnated but not coated
with asphaltic or coal-tar materials, for use in waterproofing or for the construction of built-up roof coverings.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by Distillation
D645/D645M Test Method for Thickness of Paper and Paperboard
D828 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Paper and Paperboard Using Constant-Rate-of-Elongation Apparatus
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
D1682 Methods of Test Method for Breaking Load and Elongation of Textile Fabrics Fabric
D1910 Methods of Test for Construction Characteristics of Woven Fabrics Methods of Test for Construction Characteristics
of Woven Fabrics; Replaced by D3773, D3774, D3775, D3776, D3882, D3883
D4072 Test Method for Toluene-Insoluble (TI) Content of Tar and Pitch
D4312 Test Method for Toluene-Insoluble (TI) Content of Tar and Pitch (Short Method)
3. Sampling
3.1 From each shipment of the specified saturated felt or fabric, select at random a number of rolls equal to one half the cube
root of the total number of rolls in the lot. If the specification requires sampling during manufacture, consider the lot to be the
plannedproductionquantityandselecttherollsatuniformlyspacedtimeintervalsthroughouttheproductionperiod.Theminimum
sample shall consist of five rolls. If the calculated number is fractional, express it as the next highest whole number. For
convenience, the following table, showing the number of rolls to be selected from lots of various sizes, is given:
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing andWaterproofing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.04 on Felts
and Fabrics.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2004. Published August 2004. Originally approved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D146–03. DOI:
10.1520/D0146-04.on Felts, Fabrics and Bituminous Sheet Materials.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published June 2012. Originally approved in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D146 – 04. DOI:
10.1520/D0146_D0146M-04R12E01.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
´1
D146/D146M – 04 (2012)
Number of Rolls in Shipment Number of Rolls in Sample
Up to 1 000 5
1 001 to 1 728 6
1 729 to 2 744 7
2 745 to 4 096 8
4 097 to 5 832 9
5 833 to 8 000 10
8 001 to 10 648 11
10 649 to 13 842 12
13 843 to 17 576 13
17 577 to 21 952 14
The rolls so selected constitute the representative sample used for all subsequent observations and tests pertaining to the lot of
material being examined. Identify each individual roll.
EXAMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE
4. Gross Mass per Roll
4.1 Weigh each roll, intact, to the nearest 100 g ([ ⁄4 lb),lb], and record each weight as the gross mass of that roll.
5. Mass of Wrapping Material and Mandrel (Core)
5.1 Strip each roll of its wrappings and weigh it to the nearest 100 g ([ ⁄4 lb).lb]. If mandrels (cores) are used, collect them after
the rolls are unwound and weigh them together, to the nearest 100 g ([ ⁄4 lb).lb]. Calculate the average mass of the wrappings and
mandrels per roll and record.
6. Mandrels (Cores)
6.1 Determine the shape of the cross section of the mandrels (cores) and report. If circular, measure the outside diameter to the
1 1
nearest 1 mm ([ ⁄32 in.).in.]. If square, measure each outside edge to the nearest 1 mm ([ ⁄32 in.).in.]. Measure and report the length
of the mandrel projecting beyond each end of each roll to the nearest 5 mm ([ ⁄16 in.). in.].
7. Net Mass
7.1 Subtracttheaveragemassofthewrappingsandmandrels(Section5)fromthegrossmassofeachroll(Section4)andrecord
as the net mass of each roll. Calculate the average net mass per roll of the representative sample and record as the average for the
lot.
8. Appearance and Dimensions of Rolls
8.1 Unwind the rolls. Observe the workmanship and finish, and record pertinent defects. Measure and record the length of each
roll to the nearest 25 mm (1 in.)[1 in.] and its width to the nearest 1 mm ([ ⁄16 in.).in.]. Calculate and record the area of material
2 [1 ft
contained in each roll to the nearest 0.1 m (1 ft ).].
8.2 Measure and record the width of the selvage of each roll to the nearest 1 mm ([ ⁄16 in.). in.].
9. Net Mass per UnitArea
9.1 From the net mass (Section 7) and the dimensions (Section 8), calculate the net mass per unit area for each roll, as follows:
For Felts:
2 2
g/m 5 A/BC [lb/100 ft (1)
2 2
g/m 5 A/BC [lb/100 ft (1)
5 1200 A/BC] D0146_D0146M-04R12E01_1
For Fabrics:
2 2
g/m 5 A/BC [ oz/yd (2)
2 2
g/m 5 A/BC [ oz/yd (2)
5 1728 A/BC] D0146_D0146M-04R12E01_2
where:
A = net mass of rolls, kg (lb), [lb],
B = width of material, m (ft),[ft], and
C = length of material, m (ft).[ft].
Calculate the average net mass per unit area for the rolls in the representative sample and record it as the average for the lot.
10. Selecting a Representative Specimen
10.1 Examine in detail the roll having the unit net mass closest to the average unit net mass of the lot. Discard the outside
convolution and cut a specimen the full width of the roll. Make the cuts perpendicular to the sides of the roll, straight and 750 mm
´1
D146/D146M – 04 (2012)
(30 in.)[30 in.] apart, to the nearest 1 mm ([ ⁄32 in.).in.]. Collect loose material, such as sand, if any, that may become detached
from the specimen. Measure the width of the specimen to the nearest 2 mm ([ ⁄16 in.).in.]. Weigh it, together with any detached
surfacing, to the nearest 1 g. Calculate the net mass per unit area as follows:
For Felts:
2 2
g/m 5 1333.3 D/E [lb/100 ft
5 1.0582 D/E]
(3)
2 2
g/m 5 1333.3 D/E [lb/100 ft
5 1.0582 D/E]
(3)
D0146_D0146M-04R12E01_3
For Fabrics:
2 2
g/m 5 1333.3 D/E [ oz/yd (4)
2 2
g/m 5 1333.3 D/E [ oz/yd (4)
5 1.5238 D/E] D0146_D0146M-04R12E01_4
where:
D = mass of the specimen, g, and
E = width of the specimen, mm (in.).[in.].
The mass so determined shall be within 1 % of the average net mass per unit area (Section 9). If the specimen so selected fails
to conform to this requirement, cut additional specimens from the same roll until one of the proper mass is obtained. Use this
specimen for further examination as described in Sections 11-16.
11. Detached Comminuted Surfacing
11.1 If the material is surfaced with sand or other finely comminuted material, sweep the detached surfacing from the
representative specimen with an Osborn brush (or equivalent), brushing in one direction only. Combine the comminuted material
thus removed with the loose material, collected as described in Section 10, and weigh both together to the nearest 1 g. Calculate
2 [lb/100 ft
this mass in g/m (lb/100 ft ),], record, and report as detached comminuted surfacing.
NOTE 1—The Osborn No. 322 Master Duster is the brush prescribed in Section 11. It is filled withTampico fiber bristles projecting 73 mm (2.9 in.)[2.9
in.] from its holder.
12. Moisture
12.1 From the representative specimen, cut four 50- by 460-mm (2-[2- by 18-in.)18-in.] test specimens, as shown in A-1 and
A-2 of Fig. 1. Cut them into 25-mm (1-in.)[1-in.] squares and select about 50 g, at random. Weigh to the nearest 0.1 g and distill
with 100 mL of solvent as prescribed in Test Method D95. Read the volume of water collected in the trap and calculate to grams
on the basis that 1 mL weighs 1 g. Calculate the moisture to the nearest 0.5 % of the mass of the specimen used (including the
detached comminuted surfacing, if any) and report as moisture, percentage of net mass.
NOTE 2—Any sample taken for determination of moisture shall be protected from the time of sampling against change in moisture by enclosing it in
a substantially moisture-proof container.
13. Strength
13.1 Felts:
13.1.1 From the representative specimen, cut ten rectangular test strips, 25 by 150 mm (1[1 by 6 in.)in.] with the fiber grain,
as shown at B-1 to B-10 in Fig. 1, and ten strips across the grain, as shown at C-1 to C-10 in Fig. 1. Discard any specimens of
perforated felt in which a perforation is within 1 mm ([ ⁄32 in.)in.] of an edge. Condition both sets in air at 23 6 2°C (73.4[73.4
6 3.6°F)3.6°F] for at least 2 h, and test in a room maintained at the same temperature. In case of dispute, specimens shall also
beconditionedinacontrolledrelativehumidityof50 65 %.DeterminethestrengthinaccordancewithTestMethodD828,except
as modified herein.At the start of the test, set apart the edges of the jaws of the clamps at 75 6 3 mm (3.0[3.0 6 0.1 in.).in.]. Use
apendulum-typetensiletesterwithadrivenclampspeedof305mm(12in.)/min,[12in.]/min,oraload-cell-typetensiletesterwith
a rate of jaw separation of 51 mm (2 in.)/min,[2 in.]/min, and a response time of 1.25 s (or faster). Cut additional strips from
adjacent areas of the representative specimen when needed because of discarded specimens or false breaks. False breaks occur
within 1 in. of the clamping surfaces of the tensile tester jaws.Average the ten readings for each set and multiply by 0.04 to yield
the strength in kN/m. Report to the nearest 0.1 kN/m for both with and across the fiber grain, respectively.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Osborn No. 322 Master Duster) known to the committee at this time is Osborn Manufacturing Co., 5401 Hamilton Ave.,
Cleveland, OH 44114. (If required in less than dozen lots, the order must be marked “For ASTM Test.”) If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may
attend.
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D146/D146M – 04 (2012)
mm 25 50 100 150 300 750
in. 1 2 4 6 12 30
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres.
FIG. 1 Location of Test Pieces in Representative Specimen
13.1.2 Precision —The following data should be used for judging the acceptability of results (95 % probability) on samples
from the same lot from the same supplier:
13.1.2.1 Repeatability—Duplicateresultsbythesameoperatorshouldnotbeconsideredsuspectunlesstheydifferbymorethan
the following amount:
Pendulum method 615 %
Load-Cell method 615 %
13.1.2.2 Reproducibility—The results submitted by each of two laboratories should not be considered suspect unless they differ
by more than the following amounts:
Pendulum method 615 %
Load-Cell method 615 %
13.2 Fabrics—From the representative specimen, cut five 100- by 150-mm (4-[4- by 6-in.)6-in.] test pieces with the longer
dimension parallel to the warp yarns, as shown at E-1 to E-5 in Fig. 1. Test these pieces at 21 6 1°C (69.8[69.8 6 1.8°F)1.8°F]
in accordance with the grab method described in Test Methods D1682.
NOTE 3—As a referee method, or in case any dispute arises regarding the strength, repeat the test, with the exception that the fabric before being tested
shall be exposed at least2hinan atmosphere of 65 % relative humidity at 21 6 1°C (69.8[69.8 6 1.8°F). 1.8°F].
14. Pliability
14.1 Felts—From the representative specimen, cut ten 25- by 200-mm (1-[1- by 8-in.)8-in.] test pieces, five in the direction of
The sole source of supply of the apparatus (Osborn No. 322 Master Duster) known to the committee at this time is Osborn Manufacturing Co., 5401 Hamilton Ave.,
Cleveland, OH 44114. (If required in less than dozen lots, the order must be marked “For ASTM Test.”) If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may
attend.
Supporting data are available from ASTM International Headquarters. Request RR:D08-1005.
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D146/D146M – 04 (2012)
and five across the fiber grain, as shown at F-1 to F-5, and at G-1 to G-5 in Fig. 1, respectively. Immerse them in water at 25 6
1°C (77[77 6 1.8°F)1.8°F] for 10 to 15 min; then remove each specimen separately and immediately bend it 90° over the rounded
edge of a block at a uniform speed in approximately 2 s. The block shall be 75 mm (3 in.)[3 in.] square by 50 mm (2 in.)[2 in.]
thick, with one long edge rounded on a radius of 12.7 mm (0.50 in.)[0.50 in.] and another edge on the same 75 mm (3 in.)[3 in.]
faceroundedonaradiusof19mm(0.75in.).[0.75in.].Inbending,holdthespecimentightlyagainsttheupper50-mm(2-in.)[2-in.]
face of the block and bend its projecting end over the specified rounded edge without exerting any stress other than that required
to keep the specimen in contact with the block and to avoid kinking. Consider any surf
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