ASTM E634-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Sampling of Zinc and Zinc Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
Standard Practice for Sampling of Zinc and Zinc Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice, used in conjunction with an appropriate quantitative spark atomic emission spectrochemical method, is suitable for use in manufacturing control, material or product acceptance, and development and research.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of zinc and zinc alloys to obtain a sample suitable for quantitative spark atomic emission spectrochemical analysis. Included are procedures for obtaining representative samples from molten metal, from fabricated or cast products that can be melted, and from other forms that cannot be melted.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E634 − 12
Standard Practice for
Sampling of Zinc and Zinc Alloys by Spark Atomic Emission
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E634; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
NOTE 1—Pure zinc metal (Special High Grade) is sampled using a
1. Scope
ceramic or graphite ladle, as the solubility of iron in Special High Grade
1.1 Thispracticecoversthesamplingofzincandzincalloys
Zinc is sufficient to cause a measurable contamination.
to obtain a sample suitable for quantitative spark atomic
4.2 Sample Molds, designed to produce homogeneous chill-
emissionspectrochemicalanalysis.Includedareproceduresfor
cast specimens having smooth surfaces, free from surface
obtaining representative samples from molten metal, from
pockets and pores. The specimens shall be representative (in
fabricated or cast products that can be melted, and from other
the region to be excited) of the product metal. The samples
forms that cannot be melted.
shall have a spectrochemical response similar to the standards
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
used in preparing the analytical curves. This is ensured by
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
casting standards and specimens in the same manner.Also, the
only.
specimens shall have a repeatability of measurement for major
elements from excitation-to-excitation with a relative error of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
no more than 2%. Several types of molds have been found
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
acceptable.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2.1 Type A, Pin Mold (Fig. 1)—This mold produces two
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
diagonally cast pins with sprues at the top of the specimens.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
The mold dimensions are such as to produce pins approxi-
2. Summary of Practice
mately 100 mm (3.9 in.) in length by 11 mm (0.4 in.) in
diameter. The mold is made of steel or cast iron and weighs
2.1 Molten metal representative of the furnace melt is
approximately 4.5 to 5.5 kg (10 to 12 lb). Pin specimens have
pouredintoamoldtoproduceachill-castsample.Thesample,
been found to be very homogeneous. If properly prepared,
which must represent the average composition, is machined to
these specimens provide very reliable results with only one
a specified shape to produce an acceptable surface for excita-
burn. However, pin specimens must be reshaped for each
tion.
additional burn.
2.2 Fabricated or cast products are remelted and cast into
4.2.2 Type B, Book Mold (Fig. 2)—This mold produces a
molds or are excited directly without remelting.
vertically cast disk with a sprue on the edge of the specimen.
The mold dimensions are such as to produce a disk of
3. Significance and Use
approximately 64 mm (2.5 in.) in diameter by 6 to 8 mm (0.2
3.1 This practice, used in conjunction with an appropriate
to 0.3 in.) in thickness.Acircular central recess, 15 to 25 mm
quantitative spark atomic emission spectrochemical method, is
(0.6 to 1.0 in.) in diameter, on one side of the specimen
suitable for use in manufacturing control, material or product
facilitates machining of that side in preparation for excitation.
acceptance, and development and research.
Italsopromotesmoreuniformfreezingoftheraisedperipheral
area. The mold is made of steel or cast iron and weighs
4. Apparatus
approximately 2 to 3 kg (4 to 7 lb). This mold works well for
4.1 Ladle, of steel, designed to hold sufficient molten metal
high purity zinc grades, but with alloys may cause segregation
to completely fill the sample mold, with a handle of sufficient
due to solidification phenomena. Specimens should be excited
length to reach into a furnace, trough, pot, or crucible.
onlyintheareasindicatedinFig.3,anditmaybenecessaryto
make several burns and report an average.The user is strongly
1
cautioned to thoroughly investigate specimen homogeneity for
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E01 on Analytical
ChemistryforMetals,Ores,andRelatedMaterialsandisthedirectresponsibilityof
each alloy system to be analyzed.
Subcommittee E01.05 on Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sn, Be, theirAlloys, and Related Metals.
4.2.3 Type C, Center Pour Mold (Fig. 4)—This mold
Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally
produces a horizontally cast disk with a sprue over the center
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E634–05. DOI:
10.1520/E0634-12. on the back side. The mold dime
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E634–05 Designation:E634–12
Standard Practice for
Sampling of Zinc and Zinc Alloys for Optical Emission
Spectrometric AnalysisSampling of Zinc and Zinc Alloys by
1
Spark Atomic Emission Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E634; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of zinc and zinc alloys to obtain a sample suitable for quantitative opticalspark atomic
emission spectrochemical analysis. Included are procedures for obtaining representative samples from molten metal, from
fabricated or cast products that can be melted, and from other forms that cannot be melted.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Summary of Practice
2.1 Molten metal representative of the furnace melt is poured into a mold to produce a chill-cast sample. The sample, which
must represent the average composition, is machined to a specified shape to produce an acceptable surface for excitation.
2.2 Fabricated or cast products are remelted and cast into molds or are excited directly without remelting.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This practice, used in conjunction with an appropriate quantitative opticalspark atomic emission spectrochemical method,
is suitable for use in manufacturing control, material or product acceptance, and development and research.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Ladle,ofsteel,designedtoholdsufficientmoltenmetaltocompletelyfillthesamplemold,withahandleofsufficientlength
to reach into a furnace, trough, pot, or crucible.
NOTE 1—Pure zinc metal (Special High Grade) is sampled using a ceramic or graphite ladle, as the solubility of iron in Special High Grade Zinc is
sufficient to cause a measurable contamination.
4.2 Sample Molds, designed to produce homogeneous chill-cast specimens having smooth surfaces, free from surface pockets
and pores. The specimens shall be representative (in the region to be excited) of the product metal. The samples shall have a
spectrochemicalresponsesimilartothestandardsusedinpreparingtheanalyticalcurves.Thisisensuredbycastingstandardsand
specimens in the same manner. Also, the specimens shall have a repeatability of measurement for major elements from
excitation-to-excitation with a relative error of no more than 2%. Several types of molds have been found acceptable.
4.2.1 TypeA,PinMold(Fig.1)—Thismoldproducestwodiagonallycastpinswithspruesatthetopofthespecimens.Themold
dimensionsaresuchastoproducepinsapproximately100mm(3.9in.)inlengthby11mm(0.4in.)indiameter.Themoldismade
ofsteelorcastironandweighsapproximately4.5to5.5kg(10to12lb).Pinspecimenshavebeenfoundtobeveryhomogeneous.
If properly prepared, these specimens provide very reliable results with only one burn. However, pin specimens must be reshaped
for each additional burn.
4.2.2 TypeB,BookMold(Fig.2)—Thismoldproducesaverticallycastdiskwithasprueontheedgeofthespecimen.Themold
dimensions are such as to produce a disk of approximately 64 mm (2.5 in.) in diameter by 6 to 8 mm (0.2 to 0.3 in.) in thickness.
Acircular central recess, 15 to 25 mm (0.6 to 1.0 in.) in diameter, on one side of the specimen facilitates machining of that side
in preparation for excitation. It also promotes more uniform freezing of the raised peripheral area. The mold is made of steel or
cast iron and weighs approximately 2 to 3 kg (4 to 7 lb). This mold works well for high purity zinc grades, but with alloys may
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on Analytical Chemistry for Metals, Ores, and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee E01.05 on Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Sn, Be, their Alloys, and Related Metals.
Current edition approved Oct.April 1, 2005.2012. Published November 2005.May 2012. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20012005 as
E634–96(2001).E634–05. DOI: 10.1520/E0634-05.10.1520/E0634-12.
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