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ASTM B875-96(2018)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Aluminum Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation Process

Standard Specification for Aluminum Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation Process

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for aluminum diffusion of metals applied by pack cementation process. The three classes of aluminum diffusion coating, defined by the type of base metal, are as follows: Class I (carbon and low alloy steels); Class II (stainless steels); and Class III (nickel-based alloys). Specimens shall adhere to processing requirements such as substrate preparation, high and low activity pack mix, materials (masteralloys, activators, and inert fillers), loading, furnace cycle, post cleaning, diffusion heat treatment, post straightening, visual inspection, and marking and packaging. Specimens shall also adhere to coating requirements such as diffusion thickness, aluminum content, appearance, and mechanical properties (tensile strength, and macro- and micro-hardness).
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for aluminum diffusion of metals by the pack cementation method. Pack diffusion employs the chemical vapor deposition of a metal which is subsequently diffused into the surface of a substrate at high temperature. The material to be coated (substrate) is immersed or suspended in a powder containing aluminum (source), a halide salt (activator), and an inert diluent such as alumina (filler). When the mixture is heated, the activator reacts to produce an atmosphere of aluminum halides which transfers aluminum to the substrate for subsequent diffusion. The aluminum-rich surface enhances corrosion, thermal stability, and wear-resistant properties.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-May-2018
ICS
25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
Technical Committee
B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
Drafting Committee
B08.03 - Engineering Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D3951-15 - Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging
Effective Date
01-Dec-2015
Refers
ASTM D3951-18 - Standard Practice for Commercial Packaging
Effective Date
01-May-2018

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ASTM B875-96(2018) - Standard Specification for Aluminum Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation ProcessASTM B875-96(2018) - Standard Specification for Aluminum Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation Process
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ASTM B875-96(2018) - Standard Specification for Aluminum Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation Process
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: B875 −96 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Specification for
Aluminum Diffusion Coating Applied by Pack Cementation
1
Process
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B875; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B697Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspection
of Electrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
1.1 Thisspecificationcoverstherequirementsforaluminum
B762Test Method of Variables Sampling of Metallic and
diffusion of metals by the pack cementation method. Pack
Inorganic Coatings
diffusion employs the chemical vapor deposition of a metal
C664Test Methods for Thickness of Diffusion Coating
whichissubsequentlydiffusedintothesurfaceofasubstrateat
D3951Practice for Commercial Packaging
high temperature. The material to be coated (substrate) is
immersed or suspended in a powder containing aluminum
3. Terminology
(source), a halide salt (activator), and an inert diluent such as
alumina (filler). When the mixture is heated, the activator
3.1 Definitions used in this specification are in accordance
reacts to produce an atmosphere of aluminum halides which
with Terminology B374.
transfers aluminum to the substrate for subsequent diffusion.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
The aluminum-rich surface enhances corrosion, thermal
3.2.1 diffusion coating—a diffusion coating is one produced
stability, and wear-resistant properties.
bycausinganelementtoreactwithordiffuseinto,orboth,the
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
surface of a metallic substrate, thus, chemically altering the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
surface of the substrate.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2.2 retorts—containers in which powder and parts are
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
packed for processing. They can be constructed of carbon,
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
stainless, or high alloys and fabricated in all shapes and sizes
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
to accommodate parts being processed.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.2.3 significant surface—areas that are essential to the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
serviceabilityorfunctionofthearticle.Thesesurfacesmustbe
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
identifiedonadrawingormarked-upsampleofproduct.Areas
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
can fall into one of three categories as follows:
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.4 coating required—these surfaces must be in accor-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
dance with all quality requirements of this specification.
B374Terminology Relating to Electroplating
3.2.5 no coating required—these surfaces are areas where
B487Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
no coating is allowed due to a number of reasons including
Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of
dimensional, fabrication, and welding, as well as others.
Cross Section
Materials used for masking are commercially available.
B602Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic and
Inorganic Coatings
3.2.6 optional—these surfaces do not require coating, but at
the same time do not require masking.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4. Classification
B08.03 on Engineering Coatings.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originally
4.1 Therearethreeclassesofaluminumdiffusiondefinedby
approvedin1996.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2013asB875–96(2013).DOI:
base (basis) metal category.
10.1520/B0875-96R18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 4.1.1 Class I—Carbon steel and low alloy.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4.1.2 Class II—Stainless steels.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. 4.1.3 Class III—Nickel-based alloys.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B875 − 96 (2018)
5. Ordering Information 6.4.2 Low-activity packs are heated to a temperature be-
tween1650and2100°Fa
...

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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited cadmium coatings on products of iron, steel, and other metals.  
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1.4 Cadmium plating is used to minimize bi-metallic corrosion between high-strength steel fasteners and aluminum in the aerospace industry. Undercutting of threads on fastener parts is not necessary as the cadmium coating has a low coefficient of friction that reduces the tightening torque required and allows repetitive dismantling.  
1.5 Cadmium-coated parts can easily be soldered without the use of corrosive fluxes. Cadmium-coated steel parts have a lower electrical contact resistance than zinc-coated steel. The lubricity of cadmium plating is used on springs for doors and latches and for weaving machinery operating in high humidity. Corrosion products formed on cadmium are tightly adherent. Unlike zinc, cadmium does not build up voluminous corrosion products on the surface. This allows for proper functioning during corrosive exposure of moving parts, threaded assemblies, valves, and delicate mechanisms without jamming with debris.  
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This specification covers the requirements for a coating that is a mixture of cadmium and tin mechanically deposited on metal products. The coating shall be 45 to 75 mass % cadmium, the remainder tin. All steel parts that have ultimate tensile strength of 1000 MPa and above and that contain tensile stresses caused by machining, grinding, straightening, or cold forming operation shall be given a stress relief heat treatment prior to cleaning and metal deposition. High-strength steels that have heavy oxide or scale shall be cleaned before application of the coating in accordance with guide B 242. Chromate treatment for Type II shall be done in a solution containing hexavalent chromium. The cadmium-tin coating shall be sufficiently adherent to the basis metal to pass the prescribed testing. Steel springs and other high-strength steel parts shall be free from hydrogen embrittlement. The coating shall be uniform in appearance and substantially free of blisters, pits, nodules, flaking and other defects that can adversely affect the function of the coating. Chemical composition of the cadmium-tin coating shall be determined when required on the purchase order by procedures given in methods E 87 or test methods E 396. The thickness of the coating shall be determined by the microscopical method, the magnetic method, or the beta backscatter method as applicable. Chromate conversion coatings of cadmium-tin both have an essentially silvery-white appearance. Adhesion of the cadmium-tin deposit to the basis metal shall be tested in a manner that is consistent with the service requirements of the coated article. Coated parts to be tested for the absence of embrittlement from cleaning shall be tested for brittle failure in accordance with a suitable method.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for a coating that is a mixture of cadmium and tin mechanically deposited on metal products. The coating is provided in various thicknesses up to and including 12 μm.  
1.2 Mechanical deposition greatly reduces the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and is suitable for coating bores and recesses in many parts that cannot be conveniently plated electrolytically. (See Appendix X1.)  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for electrodeposited zinc coatings applied to iron or steel articles for corrosion protection purposes. Electrodeposited zinc-coated steel wires or sheets are not covered here. The coatings shall be provided in four standard thickness classes in the as-plated condition or with one of three types of supplementary finishes. The surfaces of the articles shall under go pre-plating basis metal cleaning, pre- and post-coating treatment for reducing the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, and reactivation and supplementary treatments. Coatings should be sampled, prepared, tested and conform accordingly to specified requirements as to appearance (luster and workmanship), thickness, adhesion, corrosion resistance, and hydrogen embrittlement.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers material and process requirements for electrodeposited zinc coatings applied to iron or steel articles to protect them from corrosion.  
1.2 This specification is not intended to provide the design activity with all the background needed to properly specify their zinc coating requirements. The users of Specification B633 are encouraged to review this specification in its entirety including the appendices, and access the supplementary papers, other standards, and published literature referenced herein and within other related references.  
1.3 The coatings are provided in four standard thickness classes (4.1), in the as-plated condition or with one of five types of supplementary finishes (4.2).  
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1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM B200-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Lead and Lead-Tin Alloys on Steel and Ferrous Alloys

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for electrodeposited lead and lead-tin alloy coatings on steel and ferrous alloys. Sheets, strips, or wires in the unfabricated form are not covered here. Coatings shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to specified requirements as to thickness, adhesion, corrosion resistance, hydrogen embrittlement, composition, workmanship, finish, and appearance.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
7.1 Electrodeposits of lead and lead-tin alloys on steel and ferrous alloys are produced where it is desired to obtain atmospheric corrosion resistance. Deposits of lead and lead-tin alloys on steel have shown to have excellent corrosion protective qualities in atmospheric exposure, especially when under-coated by a thin deposit of copper (or nickel). Applications of lead and lead-tin alloy deposits include the following: protection from dilute sulfuric acid; lining of brine refrigeration tanks; chemical apparatus; and parts for storage batteries; and for coating bearing surfaces. In this last application, lead is electroplated alone, or as an alloy and coated with another metal, such as indium. The indium may be diffused into the lead or lead alloy by heat treatment. See Appendix X1.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited coatings of lead and lead-tin alloys on steel and ferrous alloys. The coatings of lead-tin alloys are those that range in tin content up to, but not exceeding, 15 mass %. The coatings ranging between 3 and 15 mass % in tin content are known also as “terne” metallic electrodeposits.  
1.2 This specification does not apply to sheet, strip, or wire in the unfabricated form.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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