ASTM D998-94

Standard Test Method for Penetration of Liquids into Submerged Loaded Shipping Containers (Withdrawn 1999)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount or extent of penetration of liquids into finished packages or containers when closed and sealed for shipment. The test may be applied to small or shelf-size packages or to bulk-size containers, as required.  
1.2 This test method may be used in conjunction with other tests made prior to or after compression, drop, impact resistance, drum, vibration, or actual shipping tests.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 31-Dec-1993
• Withdrawal Date: 09-Oct-1999
• ICS: 55.040 - Packaging materials and accessories
• Technical Committee: D10 - Packaging

Standards Content (Sample)

Designation: D 998 – 94
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Penetration of Liquids into Submerged Loaded Shipping
1
Containers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 998; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4.1.1 To evaluate materials and constructions for a specific
type of container,
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount
4.1.2 To compare performance of different types of contain-
or extent of penetration of liquids into finished packages or
ers,
containers when closed and sealed for shipment. The test may
4.1.3 To determine adequacy of protection for a specific
be applied to small or shelf-size packages or to bulk-size
product of application, and
containers, as required.
4.1.4 To maintain quality control.
1.2 This test method may be used in conjunction with other
tests made prior to or after compression, drop, impact resis-
NOTE 1—Since this test is broad in scope and may involve wide
tance, drum, vibration, or actual shipping tests.
varieties of materials and containers, considerable judgment and discre-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
tion will be necessary in applying the test procedure, in examining,
evaluating, and interpreting the results.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and
5. Apparatus and Materials
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.1 Liquid—The liquid used shall be water unless the
special nature of the test shall require the use of some other
2. Referenced Documents
liquid. All liquids used shall be at a temperature of 73.46 3.6°F
(23 6 2°C) for the duration of the test.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ- 5.2 Submerging Tank—A suitable watertight tank or vessel
2
of sufficient size to submerge one or more of the test contain-
ments
ers, as specified in 7.2, shall be used. The tank shall be
3. Terminology
equipped with means of suspending or supporting the test
containers at varying or predetermined positions as specified in
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
Section 7 and shall be constructed to provide well-distributed,
method, refer to Terminology D 996.
even support for the test containers so that stresses due to
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
weight or to bouyancy when immersed are not concentrated
3.2.1 penetration of liquid into submerged container—for
and excessive. Panels made of narrow slats with rounded
the purposes of this test, the amount or extent of penetration of
bearing edges and spaced as closely as required should prove
liquid through (as distinguished from amount, if any, absorbed
satisfactory.
by the container itself) (1) the sealed closure, (2) the seams or
5.3 Weighing Equipment—Submersion tests may or may not
joints included in the structure of the container, or (3) the body
include mass observations during the progress of the test, as
or walls of the container.
specified or required. When mass observations are required,
4. Significance and Use
scales shall be provided capable of weighing accurately to
0.1 % of the combined mass of container and contents and shall
4.1 This test method is frequently used in conjunction with
be so arranged that masses may be observed without disturbing
other tests made prior to or after the liquid penetration test,
the container unduly during the test.
such as the Drop Test, Impact Resistance Test, Compression
Test, Vibration Test, and Drum Test, for the following pur-
6. Test Specimens
poses:
6.1 Test specimens shall be representative of the packages
under test and shall be closed and sealed in the normal manner.
1
If material used in filling containers differs from that normally
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.23 on Natural
packed, it shall have similar physical characteristics of mass
Environment Test Methods.
per unit of volume, absorptive characteristics, flow, granular
Current edition approved May 15, 1994. Published July 1994. Originally
structure, etc. The container and contents shall be allowed to
published as D 998 – 48 T. Last previous edition D 998 – 86.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09. reach a temperature of 73.4 6 3.6°F (23 6 2°C) before testing.
1

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D 998
7. Procedure Estimate the quantity of contents affected by leakage. Weigh
the empty conta
...