ASTM B851-04(2014)

Standard Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating, or as Final Finish

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for automated, controlled shot peening of metallic articles prior to electrolytic or autocatalytic deposition of nickel or chromium, or as a final finish, using shot made of cast steel, conditioned cut wire, or ceramic media. The process is applicable to those materials on which test work has shown it to be beneficial within given intensity ranges. It is not suitable for brittle materials. Hand peening and rotary flap peening are excluded specifically. Shot peening induces residual compressive stresses in the surface and near-surface layers of metallic articles, controlling or limiting the reduction in fatigue properties that occurs from nickel or chromium plating of the article, or the fatigue properties of unplated articles. It is a process for cold working surfaces by bombarding the product with shot of a solid and spherical nature propelled at a relatively high velocity. Cast steel, cut wire, and ceramic shot shall all be spherical in shape and shall all be free of sharp edges, corners, and broken pieces. Prior to shot peening, the following operations shall be done first: heat treatment, machining, grinding, flaw test, crack test, corrosion detection, cleaning, and masking. Peened surfaces shall be uniform in appearance and completely dented so that the original surface is obliterated entirely. After shot peening, the following methods shall be done: residual shot removal, surface finishing, chemical cleaning of nonferrous metals and their alloys, thermal and heat treatments, and corrosion protection.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Shot peening is a process for cold working surfaces by bombarding the product with shot of a solid and spherical nature propelled at a relatively high velocity. In general, shot peening will increase the fatigue life of a product that is subject to bending or torsional stress. It will improve resistance to stress corrosion cracking. It can be used to form parts or correct their shapes. See Appendix X1 for additional information.  
5.2 It is essential that the shot peening process parameters be controlled rigidly to ensure repeatability from part to part and lot to lot.  
5.3 This specification covers techniques and methods necessary for proper control of the shot peening process.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for automated, controlled shot peening of metallic articles prior to electrolytic or autocatalytic deposition of nickel or chromium, or as a final finish, using shot made of cast steel, conditioned cut wire, or ceramic media. The process is applicable to those materials on which test work has shown it to be beneficial within given intensity ranges. It is not suitable for brittle materials. Hand peening and rotary flap peening are excluded specifically.  
1.2 Shot peening induces residual compressive stresses in the surface and near-surface layers of metallic articles, controlling or limiting the reduction in fatigue properties that occurs from nickel or chromium plating of the article, or the fatigue properties of unplated articles.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2014
• ICS: 25.220.40 - Metallic coatings
• Technical Committee: B08 - Metallic and Inorganic Coatings
• Drafting Committee: B08.02 - Pre Treatment

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:B851 −04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Specification for
Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles
Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating,
1
or as Final Finish
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B851; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-
plating
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for
B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
automated, controlled shot peening of metallic articles prior to
B607 Specification forAutocatalytic Nickel Boron Coatings
electrolytic or autocatalytic deposition of nickel or chromium,
for Engineering Use
or as a final finish, using shot made of cast steel, conditioned
B650 Specification for Electrodeposited Engineering Chro-
cut wire, or ceramic media. The process is applicable to those
mium Coatings on Ferrous Substrates
materials on which test work has shown it to be beneficial
B656 Guide for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-
within given intensity ranges. It is not suitable for brittle
Phosphorus Deposition on Metals for Engineering Use
materials. Hand peening and rotary flap peening are excluded
3
(Discontinued 2000) (Withdrawn 2000)
specifically.
B689 Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel
1.2 Shot peening induces residual compressive stresses in
Coatings
the surface and near-surface layers of metallic articles, control-
B733 Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-
ling or limiting the reduction in fatigue properties that occurs
Phosphorus Coatings on Metal
from nickel or chromium plating of the article, or the fatigue
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
properties of unplated articles.
Sieves
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General
Industry
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
4
2.2 Federal Standards:
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
QQ-N-290 Nickel Plating (Electrodeposited)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
QQ-C-320 Chromium Plating (Electrodeposited)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2.3 Military Standards:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
MIL-S-851 Steel Grit, Shot, and Cut Wire Shot, and Iron
Grit and Shot Blast Cleaning and Peening
2. Referenced Documents
MIL-S-13165 Shot Peening of Metal Parts
2
MIL-C-26074 Coating, Electroless Nickel
2.1 ASTM Standards:
MIL-STD-45662 Calibration System Requirements
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for
5
Electroplating
2.4 SAE Standards:
B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Elec-
SAE J441 Cut Steel Wire Shot
troplating
SAE J442 Test Strip, Holder and Gage for Shot Peening
SEA J827 Cast Steel Shot
SAE J1830 Size, Classification and Characteristics of Ce-
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on
ramic Shot for Peening
Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B08.02 on Pre Treatment.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2014. Published November 2014. Originally
3
approved in 1994. Discontinued January 2004 and reinstated in 2004 as B851–04. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B851–09. DOI: 10.1520/B0851-04R14. www.astm.org.
2 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,
the ASTM website. Warrendale, PA 15096.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B851−04 (2014)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Almen strip—UNS G10700 carbon steel specimens
that are used to calibrate the energy of a shot peening stream
(see Fig. 1).
3.1.2 Almen strip holding fixture—a fixture for holding
Almen strips in suitable locations that represent the position
andangularorientationofthesurfacesofapartwhereintensity
is to be determined and verified (see Fig. 2).
3.1.3 arc height—flat
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B851 − 04 (Reapproved 2009) B851 − 04 (Reapproved 2014)
Standard Specification for
Automated Controlled Shot Peening of Metallic Articles
Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel, or Chromium Plating,
1
or as Final Finish
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B851; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for automated, controlled shot peening of metallic articles prior to electrolytic
or autocatalytic deposition of nickel or chromium, or as a final finish, using shot made of cast steel, conditioned cut wire, or
ceramic media. The process is applicable to those materials on which test work has shown it to be beneficial within given intensity
ranges. It is not suitable for brittle materials. Hand peening and rotary flap peening are excluded specifically.
1.2 Shot peening induces residual compressive stresses in the surface and near-surface layers of metallic articles, controlling or
limiting the reduction in fatigue properties that occurs from nickel or chromium plating of the article, or the fatigue properties of
unplated articles.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B183 Practice for Preparation of Low-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
B242 Guide for Preparation of High-Carbon Steel for Electroplating
B320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electroplating
B322 Guide for Cleaning Metals Prior to Electroplating
B607 Specification for Autocatalytic Nickel Boron Coatings for Engineering Use
B650 Specification for Electrodeposited Engineering Chromium Coatings on Ferrous Substrates
B656 Guide for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-Phosphorus Deposition on Metals for Engineering Use (Discontinued 2000)
3
(Withdrawn 2000)
B689 Specification for Electroplated Engineering Nickel Coatings
B733 Specification for Autocatalytic (Electroless) Nickel-Phosphorus Coatings on Metal
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
E165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General Industry
E709 Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
4
2.2 Federal Standards:
QQ-N-290 Nickel Plating (Electrodeposited)
QQ-C-320 Chromium Plating (Electrodeposited)
4
2.3 Military Standards:
MIL-S-851 Steel Grit, Shot, and Cut Wire Shot, and Iron Grit and Shot Blast Cleaning and Peening
MIL-S-13165 Shot Peening of Metal Parts
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 on Metallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B08.02 on Pre
Treatment.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009Nov. 1, 2014. Published December 2009November 2014. Originally approved in 1994. Discontinued January 2004 and reinstated
in 2004 as B851–04. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as B851–04.–09. DOI: 10.1520/B0851-04R09.10.1520/B0851-04R14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
4
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B851 − 04 (2014)
MIL-C-26074 Coating, Electroless Nickel
MIL-STD-45662 Calibration System Requirements
5
2.4 SAE Standards:
SAE J441 Cut Steel Wire Shot
SAE J442 Test Strip, Holder and Gage for Shot Peening
SEA J827 Cast Steel Shot
SAE J1830 Size, Classification and Characteristics of Ceramic Shot for Peening
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Almen strip—UNS G10700 carbon steel specimens that are used to calibrate the energy of a shot peen
...