ASTM A178/A178M-95(2000)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers minimum-wall-thickness, electric-resistance-welded tubes made of carbon steel and carbon-manganese steel intended for use as boiler tubes, boiler flues, superheater flues, and safe ends.
Note 1--Type C and D tubes are not suitable for safe-ending for forge welding.
1.2 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to this specification are 1/2 to 5 in. [12.7 to 127 mm] in outside diameter and 0.035 to 0.360 in. [0.9 to 9.1 mm], inclusive, in minimum wall thickness. Tubing having other dimensions may be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all other requirements of this specification.
1.3 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1/8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015 in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.
1.4 When these products are to be used in applications conforming to ISO Recommendations for Boiler Construction, the requirements of Specification A520 shall supplement and supersede the requirements of this specification.
1.5 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired, shall be so stated in the order.
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the "M" designation of this specification is specified in the order.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: A 178/A 178M – 95 (Reapproved 2000) An American National Standard
Standard Specification for
Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel and
Carbon-Manganese Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 178/A 178M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope High-Pressure Service
A 450/A 450M Specification for General Requirements for
1.1 This specification covers minimum-wall-thickness,
Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes
electric-resistance-welded tubes made of carbon steel and
A 520 Specification for Supplementary Requirements for
carbon-manganese steel intended for use as boiler tubes, boiler
Seamless and Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon Steel
flues, superheater flues, and safe ends.
Tubular Products for High-Temperature Service Conform-
NOTE 1—Type C and D tubes are not suitable for safe-ending for forge
ing to ISO Recommendations for Boiler Construction
welding.
E 213 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Metal Pipe
1.2 The tubing sizes and thicknesses usually furnished to
and Tubing
this specification are ⁄2 to 5 in. [12.7 to 127 mm] in outside
E 273 Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Longitudinal
diameter and 0.035 to 0.360 in. [0.9 to 9.1 mm], inclusive, in
Welded Pipe and Tubing
minimum wall thickness. Tubing having other dimensions may
3. Ordering Information
be furnished, provided such tubes comply with all other
requirements of this specification.
3.1 Orders for material under this specification should
1.3 Mechanical property requirements do not apply to
include the following, as required, to describe the desired
tubing smaller than ⁄8 in. [3.2 mm] in inside diameter or 0.015
material adequately:
in. [0.4 mm] in thickness.
3.1.1 Quantity (feet, metres, or number of lengths),
1.4 When these products are to be used in applications
3.1.2 Name of material (electric-resistance-welded tubes),
conforming to ISO Recommendations for Boiler Construction,
3.1.3 Grade (A, C, or D, Table 1),
the requirements of Specification A 520 shall supplement and
3.1.4 Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness),
supersede the requirements of this specification.
3.1.5 Length (specific or random),
1.5 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and
3.1.6 Optional requirements (product analysis, Section 7;
when desired, shall be so stated in the order.
crush test, Section 10; hydrostatic or nondestructive electric
1.6 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
test, 11.6),
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the
3.1.7 Test report required (Certification Section of Specifi-
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each
cation A 450/A 450M),
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must
3.1.8 Specification designation,
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
3.1.9 Individual supplementary requirements, if required,
two systems may result in nonconformance with the specifi-
and
cation. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M”
3.1.10 Special requirements.
designation of this specification is specified in the order.
4. Manufacture
2. Referenced Documents
4.1 The steel for Grade D shall be killed.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Tubes shall be made by electric-resistance welding.
A 226/A 226M Specification for Electric-Resistance-
5. Heat Treatment
Welded Carbon Steel Boiler and Superheater Tubes for
5.1 After welding, all tubes shall be heat treated at a
temperature of 1650°F [900°C] or higher and followed by
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
cooling in air or in the cooling chamber of a controlled-
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
atmosphere furnace. Cold-drawn tubes shall be heat treated
A01.09 on Steel Pipe.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1995. Published December 1995. Originally
published as A 178 – 35 T. Last previous edition A 178 – 90a.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.01.
cation SA-178 in Section II of that Code.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
A 178/A 178M
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements
Composition, % Grade C Grade D
Tensile strength, min, ksi [MPa] 60 [415] 70 [485]
Grade A, Grade C, Grade D, Carbon-
Element
Low-Carbon Medium- Man- Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 37 [255] 40 [275]
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 30 30
Steel Carbon Steel ganese Steel
A A
For longitudinal strip tests a deduction for 1.50 1.50
Carbon 0.06–0.18 0.35 max 0.27 max
each ⁄32-in. [0.8 mm] decrease in wall
Manganese 0.27–0.63 0.80 max 1.00–1.50
thickness below ⁄16 in. [8 mm] from the
Phosphorus, max 0.035 0.035 0.030
basic minimum elongation of the
Sulfur, max 0.035 0.035 0.015
following percentage points shall be
Silicon . . 0.10 min
made.
A
See Table 3 for the computed minimum values.
after the final cold-draw pass at a temperature of 1200°F
[650°C] or higher.
6. Chemical Composition
Wall Thickness of Height of Crushed Section, in. [mm]
Tubes, in. [mm] Grade A Tubes Grade C and D Tubes
6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements as to
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1. 3
0.135 [3.43] and under ⁄4 [19] or until outside Crush tests not required
6.2 When a grade is ordered under this specification, sup- folds are in contact
Over 0.135 [3.43] 1 ⁄4 [32] .
plying an alloy grade that specifically requires the addition of
any element other than those listed in Table 1 is not permitted.
10.2 Table 3 gives the computed minimum elongation
values for each ⁄32-in. [0.8 mm] decrease in wall thickness.
7. Product Analysis
Where the wall thickness lies between two values shown
7.1 When requested on the purchase order, a product analy-
above, the minimum elongation value shall be determined by
sis shall be made by the manufacturer or supplier from one tube
the following equation:
per 100 pieces for sizes over 3 in. [76.2 mm] and one tube per
E 5 48t 1 15.00 @E 5 1.87t 1 15.00#
250 pieces for sizes 3 in. [76.2 mm] and under; or when tubes
are identified by heat, one tube per heat shall be analyzed. The
where:
chemical composition thus determined shall conform to the E = elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, %, and,
requirements specified. t = actual thickness of specimen, in. [mm].
7.2 If the original test for product analysis fails, retests of
two additional lengths of flat-rolled stock or tubes shall be
made. Both retests, for the elements in question, shall meet the 10.3 For tubing less than 1 in. [25.4 mm] in outside
requirements of the specification; otherwise all remainin
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.