ASTM E102/E102M-93(2009)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Saybolt Furol Viscosity of Bituminous Materials at High Temperatures
Standard Test Method for Saybolt Furol Viscosity of Bituminous Materials at High Temperatures
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is useful in characterizing certain bituminous materials, as one element in establishing uniformity of shipments and sources of supply.
This test method is an extension of Test Method D 88.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for determining the Saybolt Furol viscosities of bituminous materials at specified temperatures between 120 and 240°C (248 and 464°F).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 8.1.
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Designation: E102/E102M − 93(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Saybolt Furol Viscosity of Bituminous Materials at High
Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E102/E102M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope orifice under specified conditions. The viscosity value is
reported in Saybolt Furol seconds, abbreviated SFS, at a
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for
specified temperature.
determining the Saybolt Furol viscosities of bituminous mate-
rials at specified temperatures between 120 and 240°C [248
4. Summary of Test Method
and 464°F].
4.1 The efflux time in seconds of 60 mL of sample, flowing
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
through a calibrated orifice, is measured under carefully
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
controlled conditions.The time is corrected by an orifice factor
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
and reported as the viscosity of the sample at that temperature.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
5. Significance and Use
with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certain
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the bituminous materials, as one element in establishing unifor-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- mity of shipments and sources of supply.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.2 This test method is an extension of Test Method D88.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 8.1.
6. Apparatus
2. Referenced Documents
6.1 Saybolt Furol Viscometer and Bath, as shown and
2.1 ASTM Standards:
described inTest Method D88, Fig. 1 andAnnex 1.An external
D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
heater may also be used, but if so, it shall be more than 51 mm
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
[2 in.] from the viscometer. An aluminum-block, constant-
Open Cup Tester
temperature bath is also acceptable, and no stirring device is
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
required with this type of bath.
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
6.2 Displacement Ring, as shown in Fig. 1, constructed of
Sieves
the same corrosion-resistant metal as the viscometer.
3. Terminology 6.3 Cover—A metal cover for the viscometer, cylindrical
with a flat top, approximately 57 mm [2 ⁄4 in.] in diameter and
3.1 Definitions:
7mm[ ⁄4 in.] deep (Note 1). One hole slightly larger than the
3.1.1 Furol—an acronym of “Fuel and road oils.”
diameter of a viscosity thermometer shall be drilled in the
3.1.2 Saybolt Furol viscosity—the corrected efflux time in
center of the cover, and two smaller holes to permit the vertical
seconds of 60 mLof sample flowing through a calibrated Furol
rods of the displacement ring to pass through the cover.
NOTE 1—The cover of a 90-mL [3-oz] Gill-style ointment box fulfills
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
these requirements.
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.05 on
Solvent-Bearing Bituminous Compounds for Roofing and Waterproofing.
6.4 Thermometer Support, as shown in Test Method D88,
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved
Fig. 3.
ε1
in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E102 – 93 (2003) . DOI:
10.1520/E0102_E0102M-93R09.
6.5 Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers ,aslistedinTable1,for
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
reading the temperature of the sample. Each thermometer shall
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
conform to the requirements listed in Specification E1 for that
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. ASTM Thermometer Number.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E102/E102M − 93 (2009)
7. Sampling
7.1 Sample the material in accordance with Practice D140.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Clean the viscometer thoroughly with xylene, remove
all solvent from the viscometer and its gallery, and dry well.
Clean the displacement ring and receiving flask in the same
manner. Xylene is a toxic and flammable solvent; all working
areas shall be efficiently hooded and kept free of sparks and
open flames. If the viscometer is hot, vaporization of xylene
can be reduced by filling the tube rapidly and immediately
allowing it to flow out through the orifice.Awooden toothpick
may be useful in cleaning the orifice.
NOTE 2—The viscometer may be kept clean by filling with cylinder oil
immediately after each test and allowing the oil to remain in the
viscometer for several minutes before draining and cleaning with xylene
as described above. If desired, the viscometer may be kept filled with
cylinder oil between runs, draining and cleaning with xylene just before
each test.
8.2 Set up the viscometer and bath in an area where they
will not be exposed to drafts or rapid changes in air
temperature, and dust or vapors that might contaminate a
sample.
8.3 Place the receiving flask beneath the viscometer so that
the graduation mark on the flask is from 100 to 130 mm [4 to
5 in.] below the bottom of the viscometer tube, and so that the
stream of liquid will just touch the neck of the flask.
(Material: Corrosion-resistant metal.)
8.4 Fill the bath to at least 6 mm [ ⁄4 in.] above the overflow
rim of the viscometer with an appropriate bath medium for the
FIG. 1 Displacement Ring
selected test temperature:
8.4.1 Use SAE 40 grade oil for test temperatures up to
TABLE 1 ASTM Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers
149°C [300°F].
Thermometer
Standard Test ASTM Ther-
8.4.2 For temperatures above 149°C [300°F], use a cylinder
Temperature, mometer
Subdivi-
A Range,° F oil having a viscosity of approximately 175 to 185 SUS at
°C [°F] Number
sions, °F
98.9°C [210°F], and a minimum flash point of 300°C [572°F]
121 [250] 77F 245 to 265 0.5
when test
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:E102–93 (Reapproved 2003) Designation: E 102/E 102M – 93 (Reapproved
2009)
Standard Test Method for
Saybolt Furol Viscosity of Bituminous Materials at High
Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 102/E 102M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. ´ NOTE—This test method was made
SI-dominant in August 2003.
1. Scope
1.1This test method covers the empirical procedures for determining the Saybolt Furol viscosities of bituminous materials at
specified temperatures between 120 and 240°C (248 and 464°F).
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for determining the Saybolt Furol viscosities of bituminous materials at
specified temperatures between 120 and 240°C (248 and 464°F].
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. See 8.1.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D88 Test Method for Saybolt Viscosity
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
Sieves
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Furol—an acronym of “Fuel and road oils.”
3.1.2 Saybolt Furol viscosity—thecorrectedeffluxtimeinsecondsof60mLofsampleflowingthroughacalibratedFurolorifice
under specified conditions. The viscosity value is reported in Saybolt Furol seconds, abbreviated SFS, at a specified temperature.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The efflux time in seconds of 60 mLof sample, flowing through a calibrated orifice, is measured under carefully controlled
conditions. The time is corrected by an orifice factor and reported as the viscosity of the sample at that temperature.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certain bituminous materials, as one element in establishing uniformity of
shipments and sources of supply.
5.2 This test method is an extension of Test Method D 88.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.05 on
Solvent-Bearing Bituminous Compounds for Roofing and Waterproofing.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originally approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as E102–93(1997).
´1
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approved in 1954. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E 102 – 93 (2003) .
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 04.04.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 102/E 102M – 93 (2009)
6. Apparatus
6.1 Saybolt Furol Viscometer and Bath, as shown and described in Test Method D 88, Fig. 1 and Annex 1. An external heater
may also be used, but if so, it shall be more than 51 mm (2 in.)[2 in.] from the viscometer. An aluminum-block,
constant-temperature bath is also acceptable, and no stirring device is required with this type of bath.
6.2 Displacement Ring, as shown in Fig. 1, constructed of the same corrosion-resistant metal as the viscometer.
6.3 Cover—A metal cover for the viscometer, cylindrical with a flat top, approximately 57 mm (2[2 ⁄4 in.)in.] in diameter and
7mm([ ⁄4 in.)in.] deep (Note 1). One hole slightly larger than the diameter of a viscosity thermometer shall be drilled in the center
of the cover, and two smaller holes to permit the vertical rods of the displacement ring to pass through the cover.
NOTE 1—The cover of a 90-mL (3-oz)[3-oz] Gill-style ointment box fulfills these requirements.
6.4 Thermometer Support, as shown in Test Method D 88, Fig. 3.
6.5 Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers , as listed in Table 1, for reading the temperature of the sample. Each thermometer shall
conform to the requirements listed in Specification E 1 for that ASTM Thermometer Number.
6.6 Bath Thermometers—Saybolt Viscosity thermometers, or any other temperature-indicating means of equivalent accuracy.
6.7 Sieve, 850-µm (No. 20),[No. 20], conforming to the requirements of Specification E 11.
6.8 Receiving Flask, as shown in Test Method D 88, Fig. 5.
6.9 Timer, graduated in fifths or tenths of a second, and accurate to within 0.1 % when tested over a 60-min interval. Electric
timers are acceptable if operated on a controlled frequency circuit.
6.10 Hot Plate, electric, approximately 200 mm (8 in.)[8 in.] in diameter, with a three-heat switch, rated at 1200 W at the high
heat setting and 500 to 600 W at the medium heat setting.
7. Sampling
7.1 Sample the material in accordance with Practice D 140.
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Clean the viscometer thoroughly with xylene, remove all solvent from the viscometer and its gallery, and dry well. Clean
the displacement ring and receiving flask in the same manner. Xylene is a toxic and flammable solvent; all working areas shall be
efficientlyhoodedandkeptfreeofsparksandopenflames.Iftheviscometerishot,vaporizationofxylenecanbereducedbyfilling
(Material: Corrosion-resistant metal.)
FIG. 1 Displacement Ring
E 102/E 102M – 93 (2009)
TABLE 1 ASTM Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers
Thermometer
Standard Test ASTM Ther-
Temperature, mometer
Subdivi-
A
Range,° F
°C ( [°F)] Number
sions, °F
121 (250) 77F 245 to 265 0.5
121 [250] 77F 245 to 265 0.5
135 (275) 108F 270 to 290 0.5
135 [275] 108F 270 to 290 0.5
149 (300) 78F 295 to 315 0.5
149 [300] 78F 295 to 315 0.5
163 (325) 109F 320 to 340 0.5
163 [325] 109F 320 to 340 0.5
177 (350)
...
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