ASTM E1758-01(2020)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Carbohydrates in Biomass by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The percentage, by mass, of sugar content is used in conjunction with other assays to determine the total composition of biomass samples.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbohydrates present in a biomass sample, expressed as the percent, by mass, of each sugar on a 105 °C dried mass basis.
Note 1: The percent sugar must be corrected for the water of hydrolysis before calculating the actual mass percent of the polysaccharide in the original biomass sample.  
1.2 Sample materials suitable for this procedure include hard and soft woods, herbaceous materials (such as switchgrass and sericea), agricultural residues (such as corn stover, wheat straw, and bagasse), wastepaper (such as office waste, boxboard, and newsprint), acid or alkaline-pretreated biomass (washed free of any residual acid or alkali), and the solid fraction of fermentation residues. All results are reported relative to the 105 °C oven-dried mass of the sample.  
1.3 The options for the types of samples to be analyzed in this test method are as follows:  
1.3.1 Prepared Biomass Samples:  
1.3.1.1 Air Dried (%Tad)—The percent, by mass, of total solids of the air-dried sample.
1.3.1.2 45 °C Dried (%T45)—The percent, by mass, of total solids of the 45 °C dried sample.
1.3.1.3 Freeze Dried (%Tfd)—The percent, by mass, of total solids of the freeze dried sample.  
1.3.2 Extractives-Free Sample (%T ext)—The percent, by mass, of total solids of the extracted sample determined at 105°C.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Note 3 and Note 4.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2020
• ICS: 65.040.20 - Buildings and installations for processing and storage of agricultural produce
• Technical Committee: E48 - Bioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass
• Drafting Committee: E48.05 - Biomass Conversion

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E1756-08(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Solids in Biomass
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2020
• Refers: ASTM E1721-01(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Acid-Insoluble Residue in Biomass
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1758 − 01 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Carbohydrates in Biomass by High
1
Performance Liquid Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1758; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The carbohydrates making up a major portion of biomass samples are polysaccharides constructed
primarilyofglucose,xylose,arabinose,galactose,andmannosesubunits.Thepolysaccharidespresent
in a biomass sample can be hydrolyzed to their component sugar monomers by sulfuric acid in a
two-stage hydrolysis process. These monosaccharides can then be quantified by ion-moderated
partition HPLC.
1. Scope 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of carbohy-
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
drates present in a biomass sample, expressed as the percent,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by mass, of each sugar on a 105°C dried mass basis.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—The percent sugar must be corrected for the water of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
hydrolysis before calculating the actual mass percent of the polysaccha-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ride in the original biomass sample.
SpecificprecautionarystatementsaregiveninNote3 and Note
1.2 Sample materials suitable for this procedure include
4.
hardandsoftwoods,herbaceousmaterials(suchasswitchgrass
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
and sericea), agricultural residues (such as corn stover, wheat
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
straw, and bagasse), wastepaper (such as office waste,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
boxboard, and newsprint), acid or alkaline-pretreated biomass
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(washed free of any residual acid or alkali), and the solid
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
fraction of fermentation residues. All results are reported
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
relative to the 105°C oven-dried mass of the sample.
2. Referenced Documents
1.3 The options for the types of samples to be analyzed in
2
this test method are as follows:
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3.1 Prepared Biomass Samples:
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
1.3.1.1 Air Dried (%T )—The percent, by mass, of total
ad E1690Test Method for Determination of Ethanol Extrac-
solids of the air-dried sample.
tives in Biomass
1.3.1.2 45 °C Dried (%T )—The percent, by mass, of total
45 E1721Test Method for Determination of Acid-Insoluble
solids of the 45°C dried sample.
Residue in Biomass
1.3.1.3 Freeze Dried (%T )—The percent, by mass, of total
fd E1756Test Method for Determination of Total Solids in
solids of the freeze dried sample.
Biomass
1.3.2 Extractives-Free Sample (%T )—The percent, by
ext E1757Practice for Preparation of Biomass for Composi-
mass, of total solids of the extracted sample determined at
tional Analysis
105°C.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 on
BioenergyandIndustrialChemicalsfromBiomassandisthedirectresponsibilityof
2
Subcommittee E48.05 on Biomass Conversion. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2020. Published August 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as E1758–01(2015). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/E1758-01R20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E1758 − 01 (2020)
3.1.1 as received biomass—the biomass material as it is 3.2.17 SRS (sugar recovery standards)—standards used to
received in its field or process collected state. determine sugar recovery after hydrolysis.
3.2.18 V —volume of filtrate, 87.0 mL.
3.1.2 oven-dried mass—themoisture-freemassofabiomass
F
sample dried at 105°C as described in Test Method E1756.
4. Significance and Use
3.1.3 prepared biomass—material that has been treated
4.1 The p
...