ASTM D1791-93(2022)

Standard Test Method for Accelerated Aging of Liquid Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is not absolute but does give an indication of the useful shelf-life of a liquid water-emulsion floor polish. Will indicate whether a polish will gel or remain a usable liquid over the desired storage life of the product. It should be noted that polishes of different composition types will vary in useful storage life under identical storage conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the storage stability of liquid water-emulsion floor polishes.  
1.2 Storage for 30 days at 52 °C (125 °F), while not a guarantee of one year stability at 21 °C (70 °F), is believed to be a more reliable indicator of storage stability than similar tests of shorter duration.  
Note 1: The 60° specular gloss on black glass determined by Test Method D1455, may be used to confirm this observation. A substantial difference in gloss between aged and unaged samples is an indication of instability. A shelf stability of one year can be reasonably expected of the material in question if duplicate samples remain unchanged for 30 days at 52 °C ± 1.1 °C (125 °F ± 2 °F). If one or both duplicates show more than slight viscosity increases or slight creaming, other evidence of stability must be sought.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2022
• ICS: 71.100.99 - Other products of the chemical industry
• ICS: 97.080 - Cleaning appliances
• Technical Committee: D21 - Polishes
• Drafting Committee: D21.03 - Chemical and Physical Testing

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D1455-87(2015) - Standard Test Method for 60° Specular Gloss of Emulsion Floor Polish
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Refers: ASTM D1455-87(2008) - Standard Test Method for 60<span class='unicode'>&#x00B0;</span> Specular Gloss of Emulsion Floor Polish
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Refers: ASTM D1455-87(2002) - Standard Test Method for 60&#176 Specular Gloss of Emulsion Floor Polish
• Effective Date: 30-Jan-1987

Overview

ASTM D1791-93(2022), titled Standard Test Method for Accelerated Aging of Liquid Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes, is an international standard developed by ASTM International. This test method establishes a procedure for assessing the storage stability of liquid water-emulsion floor polishes through accelerated aging. The method helps manufacturers, suppliers, and quality control laboratories determine the likely shelf-life of a floor polish product under specified accelerated conditions. By understanding the stability and performance of these floor polishes, stakeholders can ensure product reliability, safety, and compliance with industry requirements.

Key Topics

• Accelerated Aging Methodology: This standard defines a test in which floor polish samples are stored for 30 days at 52 °C (125 °F). These conditions simulate longer-term storage at standard room temperature and assist in predicting product stability.
• Shelf-Life Indication: While not an absolute predictor, results offer valuable insight into whether a polish will gel or remain usable over its intended storage period. It is especially useful for comparing the stability of different polish formulations.
• Observation Criteria: Samples are evaluated for changes in viscosity, creaming, gelling, phase separation, sedimentation, and gloss. A significant change may indicate product instability.
• Quality Reporting: The method requires periodic observation and systematic recording, using symbols to denote sample condition (e.g., OK, SV for slightly viscous, V for viscous, G for gelled, Cr for creamed, Sep for separation, Sed for sedimentation).
• Correlations and Limitations: Although 30 days at 52 °C correlates better with year-long storage at room temperature than shorter tests, correlation to actual long-term stability must be established for each product.

Applications

• Product Development: Floor polish manufacturers use ASTM D1791-93(2022) during R&D to formulate products with superior storage stability and to optimize emulsion performance.
• Quality Assurance: Quality control laboratories rely on this method to verify batch-to-batch consistency and ensure products shipped to customers are unlikely to degrade during normal storage.
• Comparative Analysis: The standard aids in comparing the storage performance of floor polishes with different compositions, helping producers select suitable materials and processes.
• Regulatory Compliance: Adhering to internationally recognized standards like ASTM D1791-93(2022) helps companies meet marketplace expectations and regulatory requirements.
• Marketing and Labeling Support: Claims regarding product shelf-life or stability can be substantiated by results from this test method, supporting product credibility with customers and end-users.

Related Standards

When using ASTM D1791-93(2022), consider referencing additional relevant standards for comprehensive floor polish evaluation:

• ASTM D1455 - Test Method for 60° Specular Gloss of Emulsion Floor Polish: Used to assess gloss retention and detect significant changes due to accelerated aging.
• ASTM D21 - Series of standards related to floor polish chemical and physical testing.
• International Standards Compliance: Developed in line with the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) principles.
• Other Storage and Aging Test Methods: Compare with alternative methods or longer-duration testing for a complete product profile.

For more information or access to the official documents, visit the ASTM International website.

Keywords: ASTM D1791, accelerated aging, floor polish, water-emulsion, storage stability, shelf-life, quality control, product testing, gloss, emulsion.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1791 − 93 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Accelerated Aging of Liquid Water-Emulsion Floor Polishes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1791; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope floor polish. Will indicate whether a polish will gel or remain
a usable liquid over the desired storage life of the product. It
1.1 This test method covers the storage stability of liquid
should be noted that polishes of different composition types
water-emulsion floor polishes.
will vary in useful storage life under identical storage condi-
1.2 Storage for 30 days at 52 °C (125 °F), while not a
tions.
guarantee of one year stability at 21 °C (70 °F), is believed to
be a more reliable indicator of storage stability than similar
4. Apparatus
tests of shorter duration.
4.1 Flint Glass Bottles, 4-oz (125 mL) capacity.
NOTE 1—The 60° specular gloss on black glass determined by Test
4.2 Drying Oven, capable of maintaining the temperature of
Method D1455, may be used to confirm this observation. A substantial
the emulsion samples at 52 °C 6 1.1 °C (125 °F 6 2 °F).
difference in gloss between aged and unaged samples is an indication of
instability.Ashelf stability of one year can be reasonably expected of the
5. Sample
material in question if duplicate samples remain unchanged for 30 days at
52 °C 6 1.1 °C (125 °F 6 2 °F). If one or both duplicates show more than
5.1 The sample shall be thoroughly representative of the
slight viscosity increases or slight creaming, other evidence of stability
material in question, and the portion used for the test shall be
must be sought.
thoroughly representative of the sample itself.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.2 Test samples shall be prepared in duplicate for each
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
material in question.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
6. Procedure
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 6.1 Transfer 100 mL of the emulsion to a clean, dry test
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- bottle and hand tighten the screw cap.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
6.2 Place the test set or series inverted in a drying oven
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
capable of maintaining the temperature of the emulsions at
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
52 °C 6 1.1 °C (125 °F 6 2 °F).
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6.3 Observe the samples daily for the first 14 days and
2. Referenced Documents thereafter twice weekly (for example, Monday and Thursday)
for the remainder of the 30-day storage period. Samples should
2.1 ASTM Standards:
be examined as rapidly as possible with a minimum of
D1455 Test Method for 60° Specular Gloss of Emulsion
agitation, and returned to the oven. Do not lo
...