ASTM D3090-72(1997)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Storage Testing of Aerosol Products
Standard Practice for Storage Testing of Aerosol Products
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the storage testing of aerosol products.
1.2 There are two major types of storage tests that may be performed on aerosol products:
1.2.1 Live Storage Tests, where the valves are actuated and the determinations are made at relatively frequent intervals (the purpose being to simulate consumer use of aerosol dispensers), and
1.2.2 Dead Storage Tests, performed to simulate warehouse storage conditions when shelf-life information is sought.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 4.
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e1
Designation: D 3090 – 72 (Reapproved 1997)
Standard Practice for
Storage Testing of Aerosol Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3090; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
e NOTE—Section 8 was revised editorially in September 1997.
1. Scope 3. General Requirements
1.1 This practice covers the storage testing of aerosol 3.1 Before making any aerosol storage tests, the following
products. should be borne in mind:
1.2 There are two major types of storage tests that may be 3.1.1 Sufficient test specimens should be available to re-
performed on aerosol products: place any that fail during the test, and to make it possible to
1.2.1 Live Storage Tests, where the valves are actuated and extend the storage period if desired.
the determinations are made at relatively frequent intervals (the 3.1.2 The test schedule and procedure should be well
purpose being to simulate consumer use of aerosol dispensers), planned. Only if this is followed, can there be any assurance
and that important developments have not been missed, and that the
1.2.2 Dead Storage Tests, performed to simulate warehouse results will correlate with other storage test results.
storage conditions when shelf-life information is sought. 3.1.3 The tests should be performed by competent personnel
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the well qualified in the field. Since most of the data is not obtained
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the by direct measurement and is therefore not entirely objective in
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- nature, it is highly desirable to have the same operator perform
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- all of the tests on a given specimen. This, in addition to 3.1.2,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific will do much to minimize the effect of the human element.
precautionary statements, see Section 4. 3.2 Before any specimens are committed to storage, the
following should apply:
2. Significance and Use
3.2.1 All pertinent background information concerning the
2.1 Aerosol products are subjected to storage tests to ascer-
problem should be assembled, so that the test specimen can be
tain the shelf-life of the complete package, and to evaluate the intelligently set up.
degree of suitability of the valve and container components for
3.2.2 Tests should be conducted to eliminate defective
their intended uses. containers and valves (the frequency of such defects should be
2.2 It is impractical to promulgate a standard procedure for
recorded). To make this segregation possible, pressure deter-
conducting storage tests, since variations will be necessitated
minations, hot bath, vial leakage, and spray tests should be
by differences in the ultimate objective (for example, the made on each filled dispenser.
primary interest of one test may be concerned with container
3.2.3 Conditions of filling and handling should as closely as
suitability or shelf-life of a new product in an existing package, possible approximate those that would be encountered com-
while another test may be concerned with valve evaluation).
mercially.
2.3 It follows that storage testing must be flexible enough to
4. Safety Precautions
accommodate the small procedural changes required. Thus,
this recommended practice will only set forth those principles 4.1 Aerosol storage tests involve a container, valve, or
to be observed in establishing a definite procedure, in order to product of unknown compatibility and performance. For this
allow the individual operator the prerogative of adapting these reason, serious accidents could occur. The operator should
to satisfy his particular requirements. employ gloves, safety shield, safety glasses, and apparatus with
proper controls.
4.2 If, during a test, container perforations or signs of
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packagin-
advanced corrosion are found, or if the product, dispensers, or
gand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.33 on Mechanical Dispens-
valves otherwise become unmerchantable, the entire lot of
ers. This practice was originally developed by the Chemical Specialties Manufac-
turers Association.
specimens should be destroyed. Continued testing would waste
Current edition approved July 28, 1972. Published November 1972.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3090
time and space, and could result in a serious accident. temperature can be evaluated and torn down at each scheduled
examination. The other specimens remain untouched, with the
5. Live Storage Test
exception of weighing, until they are needed at a subsequent
5.1 Test Temperature—Specimens should be stored at room examination.
temperature. In addition, a higher-temperature storage (for
6.2.3 A minimum of twelve extra specimens per variable
example, 98°F (36°C) may be employed. The use of the should be stored at each temperature to allow for extension of
higher-temperature storage is particularly desirable when a
the test, if this later becomes necessary, and to allow a larger
new valve or product is being evaluated. The use of storage
number of specimens to be inspected at the final examination.
temperatures below 32°F (6 0°C), or the alternate exposure to
6.2.4 Thus, the minimum suggested number of specimens
subfreezing and elevated temperatures, has considerable merit
per product, container, or valve variable is as follows:
in the screening of new valves or new valve materials.
4np~4 1 y! (1)
5.2 Test Position and Number of Specimens—If the purpose
of the test is to evaluate a valve, half of the specimens at each where:
storage temperature should be kept in an inverted position. If y = duration of the test, years,
n = number of storage temperatures, and
the product, or any constituent thereof, exerts a detrimental
p = number of storage positions to be employed.
effect on the sealing material of the valve, the conditions may
6.2.5 It is usually desirable to include a glass bottle of the
be more readily observed in the case of inverted cans. Six cans
aerosol concentrate with the specimens, in order to determine
inverted and six cans upright for each temperature is the
deteriorations that may take place that are independent of the
minimum number of specimens for each variable that should
aerosol container. One or two glass aerosol containers may also
be considered. If the test involves only one temperature, ten to
be included.
twelve cans per variable (upright and inverted) is a more
6.2.6 It is often useful to place one or two empty metal
desirable size.
containers with the specimens, especially for internally lined
5.3 Test Time—The tests are usually considered completed
variables, for possible future references.
when 10 g or less of formulation remains in the containers.
6.3 Test Time—Most dead storage tests are concluded after
Extension of the tests beyond this point may cause erratic and
24 months of storage, but a test may be extended for a much
unreliable results.
longer period, if the previous results and the objective so
5.4 Examination Schedule—Examinations of the specimens
require.
should be made weekly, or more often if the completion of the
6.4 Examination Schedule—Examinations are usually made
test in less total elapsed time is necessary.
at 1, 3, and 6-month intervals, and at 6-month intervals
5.5 Failure—If a valve becomes totally inoperative or fails
thereafter, until the test is completed.
to opera
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