prEN ISO 22057

Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works - Data templates for the use of EPDs for construction products in BIM (ISO/DIS 22057:2021)

This document provides the principles and requirements to enable environmental and technical data provided in Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) for construction products and services, construction elements and integrated technical systems to be used in building information modelling (BIM) to assist in the assessment of the environmental performance of the construction works over its life cycle. The mechanism used in this document to enable this is a data template created following ISO 23386 and ISO/FDIS 23387 and the resulting data sheet.
This includes both mandatory and voluntary data from different types of EPD, such as generic, specific, average and representative, and other relevant information necessary for use of EPD at the construction works level within a BIM environment.
This document gives requirements on structuring EPD information using a data template, to make EPD data machine interpretable, and enable their integration into information-driven design, construction and operational processes. This document will also be appropriate to structure generic life cycle assessment (LCA) data for use within a BIM environment, as this data is required in the absence of suitable EPD data to enable assessment of the environmental performance at construction works level.
The assessment of environmental performance at the construction works level is not covered by this document.

Nachhaltigkeit von Bauwerken - Datenvorlagen für die Verwendung von EPDs für Bauprodukte in BIM (ISO/DIS 22057:2021)

Dieses Dokument liefert die Grundsätze und Anforderungen für die Verwendung von in Umweltproduktdeklarationen (EPD) für Bauprodukte und -dienstleistungen, Bauelemente und integrierte technische Systeme bereitgestellten umweltbezogenen und technischen Daten zur Bauwerksinformationsmodellierung (BIM) mit dem Ziel, bei der Beurteilung der umweltbezogenen Qualität der betreffenden Bauwerke über deren gesamten Lebensweg zu helfen.
Bei dem hierfür in diesem Dokument verwendeten Mechanismus handelt es sich um eine Datenvorlage, die in Übereinstimmung mit ISO 23386 und ISO 23387 und dem resultierenden Datenblatt erstellt wurde.
Dies schließt sowohl obligatorische als auch optionale Daten aus verschiedenen Arten von EPD, wie z. B. generische, spezifische, gemittelte und repräsentative sowie sonstige maßgebliche Informationen ein, die für die Verwendung von EPD auf der Bauwerksebene in einer BIM-Umgebung notwendig sind.
Dieses Dokument enthält Anforderungen an die Strukturierung der EPD-Informationen mit Hilfe einer Datenvorlage, die dazu dient, EPD-Daten maschineninterpretierbar zu machen und ihre Einbindung in informationsgesteuerte Entwurfs-, Bau und Betriebsprozesse zu ermöglichen.
Dieses Dokument eignet sich auch zur Strukturierung von generischen Ökobilanz(LCA)-Daten zur Verwendung in einer BIM-Umgebung, weil diese Daten, wenn keine geeigneten EPD-Daten vorliegen, erforderlich sind, um die Beurteilung der umweltbezogenen Qualität auf der Bauwerksebene zu ermöglichen.
Die in diesem Dokument enthaltenen Anforderungen werden durch technische Informationen zu Bauprodukten und -dienstleistungen, Bauelementen und integrierten technischen Systemen ergänzt. Dieses Dokument empfiehlt, bei der Strukturierung von Informationen dieselben Grundsätze (Datenvorlagenkonzepte) anzuwenden und bestehende, von anderen Sachverständigen der betreffenden Domäne erstellte technische Informationen zu nutzen.
BEISPIEL In Europa sind Sachverständige für die Anwendung der Bauprodukte-Verordnung (BPV) dafür verantwortlich, technische Informationen basierend auf Europäischen Harmonisierten Normen zu strukturieren. Diese Informationen stehen möglicherweise bereits in einem Datenkatalog zur Verfügung, und EPD- und Ökobilanz-Sachverständigen wird nahegelegt, sie für die technische Beschreibung von Produkten in EPD zu verwenden.
Dieses Dokument soll dabei helfen, die verschiedenen Vorlagenkonzepte und ihre Beziehung zu EPD-Informationen zu verstehen, und Anwender in die Lage versetzen, neue, ihren spezifischen Erfordernissen entsprechende Konzepte zu erstellen.
ANMERKUNG So könnten z. B. Sachverständige, die Unterkategorie-PCR (en: sub-category PCR) nach ISO 21930 oder ergänzende PCR (c-PCR, en: complementary PCR) nach EN 15804 erarbeiten, eine Datenvorlage für zusätzliche spezifische Anforderungen in den Unterkategorie-PCR oder c-PCR für die betreffende Produktgruppe erstellen.
Die Beurteilung der umweltbezogenen Qualität auf der Bauwerksebene wird von diesem Dokument nicht abgedeckt.

Développement durable dans les bâtiments et ouvrages de génie civil - Modèles de données BIM pour l’utilisation de DEP pour les produits de construction (ISO/DIS 22057:2021)

Trajnostnost stavb in gradbenih inženirskih objektov - Podatkovne predloge za uporabo okoljskih deklaracij za proizvode (EPD) za gradbene proizvode v informacijskem modeliranju gradenj (BIM) (ISO/DIS 22057:2021)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 35.240.67 - IT applications in building and construction industry
• ICS: 91.040.01 - Buildings in general
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 350 - Sustainability of construction works
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 350/WG 3 - Products Level
• Current Stage: 4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
• Due Date: 25-Oct-2021
• Completion Date: 25-Oct-2021
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN ISO 22057:2021 - Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works - Data templates for the use of EPDs for construction products in BIM (ISO/DIS 22057:2021)

Standards Content (sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 22057:2021
01-marec-2021
Trajnostnost stavb in gradbenih inženirskih objektov - Podatkovne predloge za
uporabo okoljskih deklaracij za proizvode (EPD) za gradbene proizvode v
informacijskem modeliranju gradenj (BIM) (ISO/DIS 22057:2021)

Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works - Data templates for the use of

EPDs for construction products in BIM (ISO/DIS 22057:2021)
Nachhaltigkeit von Bauwerken - Datenvorlagen für die Verwendung von EPDs für
Bauprodukte in BIM (ISO/DIS 22057:2021)
Développement durable dans les bâtiments et ouvrages de génie civil - Modèles de
données BIM pour l’utilisation de DEP pour les produits de construction (ISO/DIS
22057:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 22057
ICS:
35.240.67 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in building
gradbeništvu and construction industry
91.040.01 Stavbe na splošno Buildings in general
oSIST prEN ISO 22057:2021 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 22057:2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 22057:2021
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 22057
ISO/TC 59/SC 17 Secretariat: AFNOR
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-01-14 2021-04-08
Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works
– Data templates for the use of EPDs for construction
products in BIM
ICS: 35.240.67; 91.040.01
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 22057:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 22057:2021
ISO/DIS 22057:2020(E)
ISO/DIS 22057:2021(E)
Contents

Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................ iv

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ................................................................................................................................. 1

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................ 2

3.1 Terms relating to environmental labelling and construction products .................................. 3

3.2 Terms relating to concepts, objects and properties ........................................................................ 4

3.3 Terms relating to data ................................................................................................................................ 5

3.4 Other terms .................................................................................................................................................... 7

4 Abbreviated terms ....................................................................................................................................... 8

5 Purpose of data templates ........................................................................................................................ 9

5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 9

5.2 EPD and generic LCA data/information use ....................................................................................... 9

5.3 Generic LCA data ....................................................................................................................................... 10

6 Terminology alignment .......................................................................................................................... 10

7 Creating data templates.......................................................................................................................... 11

7.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 11

7.2 Creating a data dictionary concept representing a reference document ............................. 13

7.3 Create a data dictionary concept representing a data template .............................................. 14

7.4 Properties .................................................................................................................................................... 15

7.5 Creating a data dictionary concept representing groups of properties ................................ 18

8 Providing EPD content in datasheets using the data template concept ................................ 20

8.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 20

8.2 EPD general information – group of properties ............................................................................ 20

8.3 EPD methodological framework – group of properties .............................................................. 27

8.4 Scenarios ...................................................................................................................................................... 35

8.5 Environmental indicators derived from LCA .................................................................................. 54

8.6 Additional environmental information ............................................................................................ 65

Annex A (normative) List of all concepts with GUID ........................................................................... 66

Annex B (informative) Relationship ILCD + EPD and INIES .............................................................. 67

Annex C (informative) Data templates structure – UML diagram .................................................. 68

Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................... 69

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

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below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 22057:2021
ISO/DIS 22057:2020(E)
Contents

Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................ iv

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ................................................................................................................................. 1

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................ 2

3.1 Terms relating to environmental labelling and construction products .................................. 3

3.2 Terms relating to concepts, objects and properties ........................................................................ 4

3.3 Terms relating to data ................................................................................................................................ 5

3.4 Other terms .................................................................................................................................................... 7

4 Abbreviated terms ....................................................................................................................................... 8

5 Purpose of data templates ........................................................................................................................ 9

5.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 9

5.2 EPD and generic LCA data/information use ....................................................................................... 9

5.3 Generic LCA data ....................................................................................................................................... 10

6 Terminology alignment .......................................................................................................................... 10

7 Creating data templates.......................................................................................................................... 11

7.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 11

7.2 Creating a data dictionary concept representing a reference document ............................. 13

7.3 Create a data dictionary concept representing a data template .............................................. 14

7.4 Properties .................................................................................................................................................... 15

7.5 Creating a data dictionary concept representing groups of properties ................................ 18

8 Providing EPD content in datasheets using the data template concept ................................ 20

8.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 20

8.2 EPD general information – group of properties ............................................................................ 20

8.3 EPD methodological framework – group of properties .............................................................. 27

8.4 Scenarios ...................................................................................................................................................... 35

8.5 Environmental indicators derived from LCA .................................................................................. 54

8.6 Additional environmental information ............................................................................................ 65

Annex A (normative) List of all concepts with GUID ........................................................................... 66

Annex B (informative) Relationship ILCD + EPD and INIES .............................................................. 67

Annex C (informative) Data templates structure – UML diagram .................................................. 68

Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................... 69

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oSIST prEN ISO 22057:2021
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Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO

collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any

patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on

the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World

Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civil engineering works,

Subcommittee SC 17, Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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Introduction

Environmental product declarations (EPDs) are Type III environmental declarations (see ISO 14025) that

provide quantified environmental data using predetermined parameters based on ISO 14040 and ISO

14044 and, where relevant, additional environmental information. ISO 21930 and EN 15804 are two

standardized sources of the core product category rules (PCR) to develop EPDs for construction products

to provide modular data to enable consistent assessment of environmental impacts at the construction

works level.

All types of assessment at construction works level are complex and building information modelling

(BIM) provides a process for describing and displaying information required in the planning, design,

construction and operation of constructed facilities. The BIM approach is expanding to encompass all

aspects of the built environment, including civil infrastructure, utilities and public spaces. Designers,

owners and other stakeholders in the construction sector are increasingly looking to BIM to enable them

to address the environmental impacts of construction works.

ISO 19650 sets out the recommended concepts and principles for business processes to support the

management and production of information during the life cycle of constructed assets when using BIM.

To do this, standardization is of the highest importance. Machine-interpretable data is essential to

provide a reliable and sustainable exchange of information, and a data template supports the

standardized provision of data in machine-interpretable data sheet formats for use in BIM. The data

provided in EPDs, like other construction product data, is therefore needed in a machine-interpretable

format to enable its use in BIM.

Data templates enable construction project stakeholders to exchange information about construction

objects throughout the life cycle of a constructed asset, using the same data structure, terminology, and

globally unique identifiers to enable the data to be machine-interpretable and interoperable. Data

templates should be standardized and made available across the built environment sector through data

dictionaries based on ISO 12006-3. Data templates should be used in conjunction with the data schema

and industry foundation classes based on ISO 16739-1.

This document provides and explains the data template structure to support the provision of both EPD

and generic LCA data in standardized machine-interpretable data sheet formats to assist in the

assessment of the environmental performance of the construction works over its life cycle. The data

template structure in this standard is based on the general data template structure in ISO 23387.

Figure 1 — Relationship between Data, Data templates, Data sheets, BIM and Environmental

assessment at the construction works level
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Providing the data from an EPD according to either ISO 21930 or EN 15804 in machine-interpretable

format means some information will need to be standardized in ways not considered in those standards.

Historically, the indicator data for gate-to-grave information modules from machine-interpretable EPD

were often not used because the description of the scenario information was not concurrently provided

in machine-interpretable format, and/or the data were not provided in a sufficiently flexible fashion to

allow adaption for different scenarios at the construction works level. Responding to these needs, this

document provides specifications for the provision of gate-to-grave scenario data for EPD in machine-

interpretable formats, so the data are more appropriate for environmental assessment at the

construction works level when using BIM.

Figure 2 shows the relationship between this document and other standards for buildings and civil

engineering works related to building information modelling (BIM) and sustainability

Figure 2 — Relationship between BIM standards and sustainable standards

Users of this document should be able to find the data template described in this document in existing

data dictionaries, but in case there is a data dictionary that does not support the structure, they should

be able to recreate the data template structure in their own implementations using the information

provided in this document (see Annex A).
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oSIST prEN ISO 22057:2021
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Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works – Data
templates for the use of EPDs for construction products in BIM
1 Scope

This document provides the principles and requirements to enable environmental and technical data

provided in environmental product declarations (EPDs) for construction products and services,

construction elements and integrated technical systems to be used in building information modelling

(BIM) to assist in the assessment of the environmental performance of the construction works over its

life cycle.

The mechanism used in this document to enable this is a data template created following ISO 23386 and

ISO 23387 and the resulting data sheet.

This includes both mandatory and optional data from different types of EPD, such as generic, specific,

average and representative, and other relevant information necessary for use of EPDs at the construction

works level within a BIM environment.

This document gives requirements on structuring EPD information using a data template, to make EPD

data machine-interpretable, and enable their integration into information-driven design, construction

and operational processes.

This document is also appropriate to structure generic life cycle assessment (LCA) data for use within a

BIM environment, as these data are required in the absence of suitable EPD data to enable assessment of

the environmental performance at the construction works level.

The requirements in this document are further supplemented by technical information about

construction products and services, construction elements and integrated technical systems. This

document recommends the use of the same principles for structuring information (data template

concepts) and the use of existing technical information created by other domain experts.

EXAMPLE In Europe, Construction Products Regulation (CPR) experts are responsible for structuring

technical information based on European Harmonised Standards. This information might already exist in a data

dictionary, and EPD/LCA experts are advised to use it for the technical description of products in EPD

This document is intended to help in the understanding the different template concepts and their relation

to EPD information and to enable users to create new concepts according to their specific needs.

NOTE For example, experts developing sub-category PCR according to ISO 21930 or complementary

PCR (c-PCR) according to EN 15804 could create a data template for additional specific requirements in

the sub-category PCR or c-PCR for the relevant product group.

The assessment of environmental performance at the construction works level is not covered by this

document.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

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ISO 639-1, Codes for the representation of names of languages — Part 1: Alpha-2 code

ISO 3166-2, Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions — Part 2: Country

subdivision code

ISO 5807, Information processing — Documentation symbols and conventions for data, program and system

flowcharts, program network charts and system resources charts

ISO 6707-1, Buildings and civil engineering works — Vocabulary — Part 1: General terms

ISO 8601-1, Date and time — Representations for information interchange — Part 1: Basic rules

ISO 12006-3, Building construction — Organization of information about construction works — Part 3:

Framework for object-oriented information

ISO 14040, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework

ISO 14046, Environmental management — Water footprint — Principles, requirements and guidelines

ISO 14050, Environmental management — Vocabulary

ISO 15686-8, Buildings and constructed assets — Service-life planning — Part 8: Reference service life and

service-life estimation

ISO 19136-1, Geographic information — Geography Markup Language (GML) — Part 1: Fundamentals

ISO 21930, Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works — Core rules for environmental product

declarations of construction products and services

ISO 23386, Building information modelling and other digital processes used in construction — Methodology

to describe, author and maintain properties in interconnected data dictionaries

ISO 23387, Building Information Modelling (BIM) — Data templates for construction objects used in the life

cycle of any built asset — Concepts and principles
ISO 80000 (all parts), Quantities and units

EN 15804, Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product declarations - Core rules for the

product category of construction products
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6701-1, ISO 14040, ISO 14050,

ISO 21930, EN 15804 and the following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
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— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1 Terms relating to environmental labelling and construction products
3.1.1
environmental product declaration
EPD
Type III environmental declaration

environmental declaration providing quantified environmental data using predetermined parameters

and, where relevant, additional environmental information

Note 1 to entry: The predetermined parameters are based on ISO 14040 and ISO 14044.

Note 2 to entry: The additional environmental information can be quantitative or qualitative.

Note 3 to entry: The shorter initialism, EPD, is used as the primary preferred term in this document.

[SOURCE: ISO 21930:2017, 3.1.1]
3.1.2
construction product
product
item manufactured or processed for incorporation in construction works

Note 1 to entry: Construction products are items supplied by a single responsible body.

Note 2 to entry: In this document, unless otherwise designated, the term construction product is used for any

good(s) or service(s) related to construction works.

Note 3 to entry: Construction assemblies, construction elements and integrated technical systems, incorporated

within construction works, can be considered construction products.

[SOURCE: ISO 21930:2017, 3.2.2, modified – An additional preferred term has been listed]

3.1.3
Construction object

object (3.2.3) of interest in the context of a process resulting in a construction

EXAMPLE 1 The construction object “wall” is a type of system.

EXAMPLE 2 The construction object “calcium silicate masonry unit” is a type of construction product (3.1.2).

Note 1 to entry: See ISO 21931-1:2010, 3.11 for the definition of process, ISO 6707-1:2020, 3.3.5.6 for the definition

of construction; and ISO 23387:2020, 3.13 for the definition of system.
3.1.4
Information module

compilation of data to be used as a basis for an EPD (3.1.1), covering a unit process or a combination of

unit processes that are part of the life cycle of a product
[SOURCE: ISO 14025:2006, 3.13]
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3.2 Terms relating to concepts, objects and properties
3.2.1
concept
unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics (3.2.2)

[SOURCE: ISO 1087:2019, 3.2.7, modified – Notes 1 and 2 to entry have been removed]

3.2.2
characteristic
abstraction of a property (3.2.5)

Note 1 to entry: Characteristics are used for describing concepts (3.2.1) and construction objects (3.1.3).

[SOURCE: ISO 1087:2019, 3.2.1, modified – EXAMPLE has been removed and reference to construction

objects has been added to the Note to entry]
3.2.3
object
any part of the perceivable or conceivable world

Note 1 to entry: An object is something abstract or physical toward which thought, feeling, or action is directed.

[SOURCE: ISO 12006-2:2015, 3.1.1]
3.2.4
domain
area of activity covering a science, a technique, a material, et cetera

Note 1 to entry: A domain can be associated with a group to which the property (3.2.5) applies.

[SOURCE: ISO 23386:2020, 3.11]
3.2.5
property
inherent or acquired feature of an item or object (3.2.3)

EXAMPLE 1 Thermal efficiency, heat flow, sound reduction index, sound power level, colour.

EXAMPLE 2 ‘Being made of wood’ as a property of a given construction product.
Note 1 to entry: One or more objects can have the same property.

[SOURCE: ISO 23386:2020, 3.17, modified - A reference to ‘object’ in the definition, a second EXAMPLE

and Note 1 to entry have been added]
3.2.6
group of properties
collection enabling the properties (3.2.5) to be prearranged or organized
[SOURCE:ISO 23386:2020, 3.14, modified - Four notes to entry have been removed]
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3.2.7
identifier
string of characters created by an organization to reference a dataset (3.3.5)
3.2.8
quantity

property (3.2.5) of a phenomenon, body, or substance, where the property has a magnitude that can be

expressed by means of a number and a reference
EXAMPLE 1 Length, mass, electric current (ISQ base quantities).
EXAMPLE 2 Plane angle, force, power (derived quantities).
Note 1 to entry: Quantities can appear as base quantities or derived quantities.
[SOURCE:ISO 23386:2020, 3.6]
3.3 Terms relating to data
3.3.1
data

reinterpretable representation of information in a formalized manner suitable for communication,

interpretation, or processing
[SOURCE: ISO 8000:2020, 3.2.2]
3.3.2
...