ETSI TR 103 533 V1.1.1 (2019-08)

SmartM2M; Security; Standards Landscape and best practices

DTR/SmartM2M-103533

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-Aug-2019
• Technical Committee: SmartM2M - Smart M2M
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 30-Aug-2019
• Completion Date: 30-Aug-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 533 V1.1.1 (2019-08)






TECHNICAL REPORT
SmartM2M;
Security;
Standards Landscape and best practices

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2 ETSI TR 103 533 V1.1.1 (2019-08)



Reference
DTR/SmartM2M-103533
Keywords
cybersecurity, IoT, oneM2M, privacy, security

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3 ETSI TR 103 533 V1.1.1 (2019-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Modal verbs terminology . 6
1 Scope . 7
1.1 Context for the present document . 7
1.2 Scope of the present document . 7
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Terms . 10
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Security in the context of IoT . 12
4.1 A global approach to IoT Systems . 12
4.1.1 Major characteristics of IoT systems . 12
4.1.2 The need for an "IoT-centric" view . 13
4.1.2.1 Introduction . 13
4.1.2.2 Roles . 13
4.1.2.3 Reference Architecture(s) . 13
4.1.2.4 Guidelines . 14
5 Simplified security model for IoT . 14
6 Purpose of cyber security as it applies to IoT. 15
6.1 Overview . 15
6.2 The Security Cycle . 16
6.3 The CIA Paradigm. 18
6.4 Peculiarities of IoT . 19
6.4.1 IoT characteristics . 19
6.4.2 Resource limitation . 19
6.4.3 Connectivity modes . 19
6.4.4 Radio considerations . 20
7 Regulatory context of IoT Security . 20
7.1 Overview . 20
7.2 GDPR . 20
7.3 Network Information Security Directive . 21
7.3.1 The objectives of the Directive . 21
7.3.2 Scope of the NIS Directive . 21
7.3.3 Security and incident notification requirements . 22
7.3.4 Available security analysis of NIS . 23
7.4 Cyber Security package (in development) . 24
8 Overview of security standardization ecosystem for IoT . 24
8.1 Introduction . 24
8.2 Obligation of trust protocols . 24
8.3 Identity management and asset discovery . 25
8.4 IoT and M2M specific groups . 25
8.4.1 ETSI groups . 25
8.4.1.1 Overview of ETSI groups active in IoT and M2M . 25
8.4.1.2 SmartM2M . 25
8.4.1.3 eHealth . 25
8.4.1.4 SmartBAN . 25
8.4.1.5 ITS - Working group 5 . 25
8.4.1.6 ERM . 26
ETSI

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4 ETSI TR 103 533 V1.1.1 (2019-08)
8.4.2 Other bodies . 26
8.4.2.1 oneM2M - Working Group 4 . 26
8.4.2.2 AIOTI - The Alliance for IoT Innovation . 26
8.4.2.3 ITU - International Telecommunication Union . 26
®
8.4.2.4 TCG - Trusted Computing Group . 28
8.4.2.5 OASIS . 28
8.5 Other EU and non-EU bodies . 28
8.5.1 European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA) . 28
8.5.2 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) . 29
9 IoT specific security guidance and best practices . 29
9.1 Introduction . 29
9.2 Overview . 30
9.3 GSMA guidelines . 30
9.4 DCMS guidelines and ETSI TS 103 645 . 31
9.5 ENISA and ECSO . 31
9.6 Other industry guidelines . 33
9.6.1 Trusted Computing Group . 33
9.6.2 Global Platform . 33
9.6.3 NIST . 33
10 General security guidance and best practices . 34
10.1 Overview and introduction to guidance and best practices . 34
10.2 Defence in depth . 34
10.3 Secure by default . 35
10.4 Design for assurance . 35
10.5 Privacy by design . 35
11 Lessons learned and conclusions . 37
Annex A: Best practice security guidelines for implementation, development and operation
of IoT . 39
Annex B: Change History . 40
History . 41


ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 103 533 V1.1.1 (2019-08)
List of figures
Figure 1: Generic security model for systems .15
Figure 2: Basic activities of the cyber security ecosystem .17
Figure 3: Mindmap of concepts and functions associated to security .17
Figure 4: Overview of NIS Directive Stakeholders (from [i.14]) .22
Figure 5: Visualization of the relationship of NISD to Cyber-security .23
Figure 6: ETSI's ITS security documents and their relation to each other .26
Figure 7: ITU-T Y-series of recommendations for IoT and Smart Cities .27
Figure 8: ITU-T Y-series recommendations for identification and security .28
Figure 9: Screenshot from ENISA website for references against Authentication practice .32
Figure 10: Role of protection technologies in privacy protection .36
Figure 11: Extending privacy protection to address principles of privacy protection .37


ETSI

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6 ETSI TR 103 533 V1.1.1 (2019-08)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
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ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Smart Machine-to-Machine
communications (SmartM2M).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

ETSI

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7 ETSI TR 103 533 V1.1.1 (2019-08)
1 Scope
1.1 Context for the present document
The design, development and deployment of - potentially large - IoT systems require to address a number of topics -
such as security, interoperability or privacy - that are related and should be treated in a concerted manner. In this
context, several Technical Reports have been developed that each address a specific facet of IoT systems.
In order to provide a global and coherent view of all the topics addressed, a common approach has been outlined across
the Technical Reports concerned with the objective to ensure that the requirements and specificities of the IoT systems
are properly addressed and that the overall results are coherent and complementary.
The present document has been built with this common approach also applied in all of the other documents listed below
(the present document is highlighted in italic script in the list):
ETSI TR 103 533 (the present document)
ETSI TR 103 534-1 [i.43]
ETSI TR 103 535 [i.45]
ETSI TR 103 536 [i.46]
ETSI TR 103 537 [i.47]
ETSI TR 103 591 [i.2]
1.2 Scope of the present document
The present document provides an overview of the Standards Landscape and best practices for the application of
security technology to the IoT.
Existing work in mapping the landscape of security standards and best practices has been published by ETSI in both
formal ETSI publications and in the review of security activity presented in the annual white paper, by ENISA through
the IoT Security Expert Group (in [i.3] and [i.4]), and others but have often not addressed the particularities of IoT for
the general case. In this regard the present document builds on the content of ETSI TR 103 306 [i.1] which addresses IT
Security in general with a specific view to the IoT and extends and builds on the previously published work in the field.
The present document is structured as follows:
• Clause 5 provides a simplified security model of IoT.
• Clause 6 presents an introduction to the security purposes of IoT as a specialization of the generic cyber-
security domain and introduces some of the paradigms used in security analysis, design, and implementation.
• Clause 7 presents an overview of the regulatory domain as it impacts IoT security.
• Clause 8 presents an overview of the security ecosystem and identifies the stakeholders in standards
development and development of best practices.
• Clause 9 presents a review of the security best practices and development guidance arising from the
stakeholders identified in clause 4.
• Clause 10 presents an overview of the specific technologies of security that may apply to IoT.
• Clause 11 provides a summary of the findings of the present document.
• Annex A collates a set of best practice guidelines for non-consumer IoT.
The present document complements the overview of the Standards Landscape and best practice for privacy to be found
in ETSI TR 103 591 [i.2].
ETSI

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8 ETSI TR 103 533 V1.1.1 (2019-08)
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 103 306: "CYBER; Global Cyber Security Ecosystem".
[i.2] ETSI TR 103 591: "SmartM2M; Privacy study report; Standards Landscape and best practices".
[i.3] ENISA: "Baseline Security Recommendations for IoT in the context of Critical Information
Infrastructures", ISBN: 978-92-9204-236-3, doi: 10.2824/03228.
[i.4] ENISA: "Security and Resilience of Smart Home Environments: Good practices and
recommendations", ISBN: 978-92-9204-141-0 | doi:10.2824/360120.
[i.5] Recommendation ITU-T Y.4806. "Security capabilities supporting safety of the Internet of
things".
[i.6] ENISA: "Security Recommendations for IoT".
[i.7] European Data Protection Supervisor: "EDPS formal comments in response to the Çybersecurity
Package' adopted by the Commission".
NOTE: Available from https://edps.europa.eu/sites/edp/files/publication/17-12-15_formal_comments_2017-
0810_en.pdf.
[i.8] UK Department of Culture, Media and Sport: "Secure by Design: Improving the cyber security of
consumer Internet of Things Report".
NOTE: Available from
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/775559
/Secure_by_Design_Report_.pdf?_ga=2.246964045.819894548.1566555869-1475373752.1566555869.
[i.9] Directive (EU) 2016/1148 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 July 2016
concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information systems
across the Union (NIS Directive).
NOTE: Available from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2016/1148/oj.
[i.10] ETSI TS 102 165-1: "CYBER; Methods and protocols; Part 1: Method and pro forma for Threat,
Vulnerability, Risk Analysis (TVRA)".
[i.11] FIPS 197: "Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 197; Advanced Encryption
Standard (AES)", issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST),
November 26, 2001".
[i.12] European Commission, Special Eurobarometer 460: "Attitudes towards the impact of digitisation
and automation on daily life", 2017.
NOTE: Available from
http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/78998.
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9 ETSI TR 103 533 V1.1.1 (2019-08)
[i.13] European Commission, Special Eurobarometer 464a: "Europeans' attitudes towards cyber
security", 2017.
NOTE: Available from
http://ec.europa.eu/commfrontoffice/publicopinion/index.cfm/ResultDoc/download/DocumentKy/79735.
[i.14] European Commission Cross Fertilisation Through Alignment, Synchronisation and Exchanges for
IoT: "Legal IoT Framework (Initial)", Deliverable 05.05 2017.
NOTE: Available from https://european-iot-pilots.eu/wp-
content/uploads/2018/02/D05_05_WP05_H2020_CREATE-IoT_Final.pdf.
[i.15] ETSI TR 103 167: "Machine to Machine (M2M); Threat analysis and counter measures to M2M
service layer".
[i.16] ETSI TR 103 309: "CYBER; Secure by Default - platform security technology".
[i.17] ISO/IEC 15408: "Information technology - Security techniques - Evaluation criteria for IT
security".
[i.18] ETSI EG 202 387: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Security Design Guide; Method for application of Common
Criteria to ETSI deliverables".
[i.19] ETSI ES 202 383: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Security Design Guide; Method and proforma for defining
Security Targets".
[i.20] ETSI ES 202 382: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Security Design Guide; Method and proforma for defining
Protection Profiles".
[i.21] GDPR: "General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (EU) 2016/679".
[i.22] ETSI TR 103 370: "Practical introductory guide to Technical Standards for Privacy".
[i.23] ETSI TS 103 485: "CYBER; Mechanisms for privacy assurance and verification".
[i.24] ETSI TS 103 486: "CYBER; Identity Management and Discovery for IoT".
[i.25] ETSI TS 102 165-2: "CYBER; Methods and protocols; Part 2: Protocol Framework Definition;
Security Counter Measures".
[i.26] ETSI TR 103 305 (all parts): "CYBER; Critical Security Controls for Effective Cyber Defence".
[i.27] European Commission: "Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and
the Council: Making the most of NIS - towards the effective implementation of Directive (EU)
2016/1148 concerning measures for a high common level of security of network and information
systems across the Union", 4 October 2017.
NOTE: Available from https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2017/EN/COM-2017-476-F1-EN-
ANNEX-1-PART-1.PDF.
[i.28] ENISA: "Good Practices for Security of Internet of Things in the context of Smart
Manufacturing".
[i.29] ENISA: "Towards secure convergence of Cloud and IoT".
[i.30] TCG: "Architect's Guide: IoT Security".
NOTE: Available from https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/TCG-Architects-
Guide_2018_FC01_web.pdf.
[i.31] TCG: "IoT Security Infographic, Securing the Internet of Things".
NOTE: Available from https://trustedcomputinggroup.org/wp-content/uploads/INFOGRAPHIC-TCG-IoT-
FINAL.pdf.
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10 ETSI TR 103 533 V1.1.1 (2019-08)
[i.32] AIOTI: "IoT LSP Standards Framework Concepts", Release 2.8, White Paper, 2017.
[i.33] Recommendation ITU-T X.1205: "Overview of cybersecurity".
[i.34] ISO/IEC 27032: "Information technology -- Security techniques -- Guidelines for cybersecurity".
[i.35] NIST SP800-183: "Networks of 'Things'".
[i.36] ETSI TS 103 645: "CYBER; Cyber Security for Consumer Internet of Things".
[i.37] ETSI TS 118 103: "oneM2M; Security solutions (oneM2M TS-0003)".
[i.38] ETSI TR 103 456: "CYBER; Implementation of the Network and Information Security (NIS)
Directive".
[i.39] ETSI TR 103 369: "CYBER; Design requirements ecosystem".
[i.40] ETSI TR 103 331: "CYBER; Structured threat information sharing".
[i.41] ETSI EG 203 310: "CYBER; Quantum Computing Impact on security of ICT Systems;
Recommendations on Business Continuity and Algorithm Selection".
[i.42] ETSI TR 103 304: "CYBER; Personally Identifiable Information (PII) Protection in mobile and
cloud services".
[i.43] ETSI TR 103 534-1: "SmartM2M; Teaching Material; Part 1: Security".
[i.44] ETSI TR 103 534-2: "SmartM2M; Teaching Material; Part 2: Privacy".
[i.45] ETSI TR 103 535: "SmartM2M; Guidelines for using semantic interoperability in the industry".
[i.46] ETSI TR 103 536: "SmartM2M; Strategic / technical approach on how to achieve
interoperability/interworking of existing standardized IoT Platforms".
[i.47] ETSI TR 103 537: "SmartM2M; Plugtests preparation on Semantic Interoperability".
[i.48] ISO/IEC 27000: "Information technology -- Security tec
...