ETSI TR 103 439 V2.1.1 (2021-10)

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Multi-Channel Operation study; Release 2

DTR/ITS-00279

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: ITS WG2 - Architecture and Cross Layer
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 30-Aug-2021
• Completion Date: 11-Oct-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL REPORT
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);
Multi-Channel Operation study;
Release 2
2 ETSI TR 103 439 V2.1.1 (2021-10)

Reference
DTR/ITS-00279
Keywords
application, ITS, location, multichannel, switching

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ETSI
3 ETSI TR 103 439 V2.1.1 (2021-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 8
Foreword . 8
Modal verbs terminology . 8
Introduction . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 9
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 16
3.1 Terms . 16
3.2 Symbols . 18
3.3 Abbreviations . 19
4 Background . 22
4.1 Introduction . 22
4.2 European developments . 22
5 Contextual aspects related to MCO . 27
5.1 Introduction . 27
5.2 Influencing regulatorily aspects . 28
5.2.1 Introduction. 28
5.2.2 European C-ITS regulatory aspects . 28
5.2.2.1 Introduction . 28
5.2.2.2 Technology neutrality . 28
5.2.2.3 C-ITS interoperability . 28
5.2.2.4 C-ITS backward compatibility . 29
5.2.3 European C-ITS spectrum regulation . 29
5.3 Functional needs . 31
5.4 Security needs according to the EU C-ITS certification and security policies . 31
5.5 Release 1 Basic Set of Application (BSA) release consequences . 32
5.5.1 Introduction. 32
5.5.2 C-ITS in the ITS Architecture. 32
5.5.3 User services, applications, use cases, scenarios and services . 32
5.5.4 Message generation in the system . 33
5.5.5 BSA communication considerations . 36
5.6 Release 1 specifications being affected . 37
5.6.1 Introduction. 37
5.6.2 Traffic classes . 37
5.6.3 Channel usage . 38
5.7 Functional safety and safety of the intended functionality . 38
5.7.1 Introduction. 38
5.7.2 Impact of Safety Of The Intended Functionality (SOTIF) . 39
5.7.3 Functional safety . 39
6 Functional MCO considerations and potential requirements . 40
6.1 Introduction . 40
6.2 Release 1 extended user services . 41
6.2.1 Introduction. 41
6.2.2 Extended message dissemination . 41
6.2.3 MCO communication requirements . 41
6.3 System MCO relevant aspects . 41
6.3.1 Introduction. 41
6.3.2 Service Announcement (SA) . 41
6.3.2.1 Introduction . 41
6.3.2.2 SAEM information dissemination . 42
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4 ETSI TR 103 439 V2.1.1 (2021-10)
6.3.2.3 SAEM MCO communication requirements . 42
6.3.3 Position Accuracy Improvement (PAI) . 43
6.3.3.1 Introduction . 43
6.3.3.2 PAI information Dissemination . 44
6.3.3.3 PAI MCO communication requirements . 44
6.3.4 Privacy . 45
6.3.5 Security . 46
6.3.5.1 Introduction . 46
6.3.5.2 Security information dissemination . 47
6.3.5.3 Security MCO communication requirements . 47
6.4 Collective Perception (CP) . 48
6.4.1 Introduction. 48
6.4.2 CP information dissemination. 48
6.4.3 CP MCO communication requirements . 49
6.5 Vulnerable Road User (VRU) . 50
6.5.1 Introduction. 50
6.5.2 VRU information dissemination . 51
6.5.3 VRU communication requirements . 51
6.6 Manoeuvre Coordination (MC) . 53
6.6.1 Introduction. 53
6.6.2 MC information dissemination . 54
6.6.3 MC MCO communication requirements. 55
6.7 Basic CACC and platooning . 55
6.7.1 Introduction. 55
6.7.2 CACC information dissemination . 55
6.7.3 Platooning information dissemination . 56
6.7.4 CACC and platooning MCO communication requirements . 58
6.8 Intersection safety. 59
6.8.1 Introduction. 59
6.8.2 IS information dissemination . 59
6.8.3 AS information dissemination . 60
6.8.4 Urban Rail Safety (URS) information dissemination . 61
6.8.5 Intersection safety MCO communication requirements. 63
6.9 High-definition sensor sharing . 65
6.9.1 Introduction. 65
6.9.2 High-definition sensor sharing information dissemination . 65
6.9.3 High-definition sensor sharing MCO communication requirements . 65
6.10 Non-safety ITS applications . 65
6.10.1 Introduction. 65
6.10.2 Non-safety ITS applications information dissemination . 65
6.10.3 Non-safety ITS applications MCO communication requirements . 65
6.11 Testing and validation user services . 65
6.11.1 Introduction. 65
6.11.2 Testing and validation information dissemination . 66
6.11.3 Testing and validation user service MCO communication requirements . 66
6.12 General MCO communication considerations. 66
7 Technical capabilities and limitations . 67
7.1 Introduction . 67
7.2 Transceiver configurations . 67
7.3 Channels with wider bandwidth . 68
7.4 Channel load measurement. 69
7.5 Multi-channel interference effects . 69
7.5.1 Overview . 69
7.5.2 Unwanted emissions . 70
7.5.2.1 Overview . 70
7.5.2.2 Adjacent and second adjacent channel leakage . 70
7.5.2.3 Spurious emissions . 70
7.5.3 Blocking and selectivity . 70
7.5.4 Combined unwanted emission and selectivity effects. 70
7.5.5 Other effect . 71
7.5.5.1 Overloading . 71
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5 ETSI TR 103 439 V2.1.1 (2021-10)
7.5.5.2 Intermodulation . 72
7.5.5.3 CSMA/CA energy detection threshold. 72
7.5.6 Summary MCO interference effects . 73
8 Simulations and Verifications . 73
8.1 Introduction . 73
8.2 Key performance indicators . 73
8.2.1 Introduction. 73
8.2.2 Packet Reception Ratio . 73
8.2.3 Range (maximum distance with PRR = 0,9). 73
8.2.4 Inter-Packet Gap . 74
8.2.5 Channel Busy Ratio . 74
8.3 Road layout and vehicle distribution . 74
8.4 Simulation settings . 75
8.4.1 Introduction. 75
8.4.2 Traffic generation . 75
8.4.3 Access layers settings . 75
8.4.3.1 Introduction . 75
8.4.3.2 Physical layer settings . 75
8.4.3.3 Decentralized congestion control . 76
8.4.4 Physical layer modelling . 76
8.4.4.1 Introduction . 76
8.4.4.2 Propagation . 76
8.4.4.3 MCO interference modelling . 77
8.4.4.4 Error evaluation . 77
8.5 Simulation results . 78
8.5.1 Introduction. 78
8.5.2 Balanced data traffic in adjacent channels . 79
8.5.2.1 Introduction . 79
8.5.2.2 Scenarios for the investigation in balanced traffic . 79
8.5.2.3 Preliminary considerations . 79
8.5.2.4 PRR versus distance . 80
8.5.2.5 Range and IPG . 82
8.5.2.6 Deriving conclusions in the balanced traffic case . 84
8.5.3 Imbalanced data traffic in adjacent channels . 84
8.5.3.1 Introduction . 84
8.5.3.2 Scenarios for the investigation in imbalanced traffic . 84
8.5.3.3 Preliminary considerations . 85
8.5.3.4 PRR versus distance . 86
8.5.3.5 Range and IPG . 88
8.5.3.6 Deriving conclusions in the imbalanced traffic case . 89
8.5.4 Effectiveness of power and channel occupation control for MCO . 89
8.6 Summary . 90
9 Multi-Channel Operation . 91
9.1 Introduction . 91
9.2 Physical channels . 91
9.3 Taxonomy of MCO possibilities . 91
9.3.1 Introduction. 91
9.3.2 Channel usage mechanisms for MCO . 91
9.3.3 Channel association policies for MCO . 92
9.3.4 Supplementary functional elements for MCO . 93
9.4 MCO approaches . 95
9.4.1 Introduction. 95
9.4.2 C-ITS Channel use and relation . 95
9.4.3 C-ITS Message classification . 96
9.4.4 Basic broadcast . 96
9.4.5 Advanced broadcast . 96
9.4.5.1 Introduction . 96
9.4.5.2 Advanced broadcast using sequential filling with predefined association . 96
9.4.5.3 Advanced broadcast using an elastic mechanism with predefined association . 97
9.4.6 Advanced groupcast . 99
ETSI
6 ETSI TR 103 439 V2.1.1 (2021-10)
9.4.6.1 Introduction . 99
9.4.6.2 Advanced groupcast using elastic with flexible association . 99
9.4.7 Evaluation of the pros and cons of sequential filling and elastic assignment for Advanced Broadcast . 100
9.4.7.1 Introduction . 100
9.4.7.2 Criteria . 100
9.4.7.3 Comparison . 100
9.4.8 Advanced Considerations . 102
9.4.8.1 Introduction . 102
9.4.8.2 Transmit power . 102
9.4.8.3 Use of Non-Safety related channels SCH3 and SCH4 . 102
9.4.8.4 Use of the announcement service for MCO . 102
9.4.9 MCO Architecture and its entities . 102
10 Recommendations . 104
10.1 Introduction . 104
10.2 Message exchange predictability . 104
10.3 Multi-channel congestion control . 104
10.4 Message priorities. 104
10.5 MCO interference management . 105
10.6 Use of non-safety related channels for safety related message transmissions . 105
10.7 Channel assignment for SAS . 105
Annex A: Multi-channel interference effects for ITS-G5 . 106
A.1 Overview . 106
A.2 Sensitivity . 106
A.3 Adjacent channel rejection . 106
A.4 TX spectrum mask . 109
A.5 Combined unwanted emission and selectivity effects . 110
A.6 Conclusion ITS-G5 . 111
Annex B: Multi-channel interference effects for LTE-V2X . 115
B.1 Overview . 115
B.2 Sensitivity . 115
B.3 Adjacent channel rejection . 116
B.4 TX spectrum mask . 119
B.5 Combined unwanted emission and selectivity effects . 119
B.6 Conclusions LTE-V2X . 120
Annex C: MCO solutions and algorithms . 122
C.1 ETSI TS 102 724 . 122
C.2 CARHet . 122
C.2.1 Introduction . 122
C.2.2 Channel access strategy . 122
C.2.3 Channel usage strategy . 122
C.3 LTE-V2X RB allocation . 123
C.3.1 Introduction . 123
C.3.2 Channel access . 123
C.3.3 ProSe Per Packet Priority (PPPP) for V2X communication . 124
C.4 SAMCO (Service-Actuated Multi-Channel Operation) . 124
C.4.1 Introduction . 124
C.4.2 Channel access strategy . 124
C.4.3 Channel usage possibilities. 124
ETSI
7 ETSI TR 103 439 V2.1.1 (2021-10)
C.5 IEEE 1609.4-2016 . 125
C.5.1 Introduction . 125
C.5.2 Channel access strategy . 125
C.5.3 Channel usage strategy . 126
Annex D: Insight in the channel models . 128
D.1 Introduction . 128
D.2 WINNER+ B1, C1, C2 path-loss models in LOS conditions . 128
D.3 Modified versions of the path-loss models in ECC REPORT 68. 128
D.4 LOS path-loss model in ETSI TR 103 257-1 . 129
D.5 Comparison of the LOS path-loss models . 129
Annex E: Impact of the interference from adjacent channels: additional results . 131
E.1 Introduction . 131
E.2 Inter-packet gap detailed statistics . 131
E.3 Results assuming a different channel model . 132
E.4 Results assuming messages with a larger size . 134
E.5 Results in urban scenarios . 135
Annex F: Interference from SRD to ITS-G5 in non-safety channels . 138
F.1 Introduction . 138
F.2 Scenario and assumptions . 138
F.3 Impact of interference . 138
Annex G: Interference from SRD to LTE-V2X in non-safety channels . 140
G.1 Introduction . 140
G.2 Scenario and assumptions . 140
G.3 Impact of interference . 140
Annex H: Bibliography . 142
History . 143

ETSI
8 ETSI TR 103 439 V2.1.1 (2021-10)
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Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS).
The present document is based on input provided by various European projects, AutoNet 2030, CODIS, Truck
Platooning Challenge, ENSEMBLE, TIMON, HIGHTS, Intercor, C-ROADS, VRUITS (improving the safety and
mobility of Vulnerable Road Users through ITS applications), PROSPECTS (Proactive Safety for Pedestrians and
Cyclists), XCYCLE (Advanced measures to reduce cyclists' fatalities and increase comfort in the interaction with
motorised vehicles), SafetyCube (Safety CaUsation, Benefits and Efficiency) and SENIORS (Safety Enhanced
Innovations for Older Road userS). The present docum
...