ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.1 (2014-10)

Environmental Engineering (EE); Methodology for environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) goods, networks and services

RES/EE-EEPS006 LCA

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Sep-2014
• Technical Committee: EE EEPS - EE Eco Environmental Product Standards
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 16-Sep-2014
• Completion Date: 01-Oct-2014
• Mandate: M/462
• Mandate: M/478
• Mandate: M/479

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.1 (2014-10)






ETSI STANDARD
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Methodology for environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
goods, networks and services

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.1 (2014-10)



Reference
RES/EE-EEPS006 LCA
Keywords
LCA
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: [phone]  Fax: [phone]

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2014.
All rights reserved.

TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.1 (2014-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 7
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 11
2 References . 11
2.1 Normative references . 12
2.2 Informative references . 12
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 13
3.1 Definitions . 13
3.2 Abbreviations . 17
4 Void . 20
Part I: ICT life cycle assessment - framework and guidance . 20
5 General description. 20
5.1 General description of an LCA . 20
5.2 Compliance to the present document. 21
5.3 Comparisons of results . 22
5.4 Relationship between methodologies of LCAs for ICT goods, networks, and services . 22
6 Methodological framework . 23
6.1 General requirements . 23
6.1.1 Life cycle stages . 23
6.1.2 The goods, networks, and services Product System . 24
6.1.2.1 ICT goods . 24
6.1.2.2 ICT networks. 24
6.1.2.3 ICT services . 25
6.1.3 Handling of software . 25
6.1.3.1 General . 25
6.1.3.2 Assessment of software . 26
6.1.4 Operating lifetime . 26
6.2 Goal and scope definition . 27
6.2.1 Goal and scope of the study . 27
6.2.2 Functional unit . 28
6.2.2.1 General . 28
6.2.2.2 ICT goods . 29
6.2.2.3 ICT networks. 29
6.2.2.4 ICT services . 30
6.2.3 System boundaries . 30
6.2.3.1 General . 30
6.2.3.2 The use of unit processes . 33
6.2.3.3 ICT good . 33
6.2.3.3.1 General . 33
6.2.3.3.2 Goods Raw materials acquisition . 33
6.2.3.3.3 Production . 34
6.2.3.3.4 Use . 36
6.2.3.3.5 End-of-life treatment (EoLT) . 37
6.2.3.4 ICT Networks . 38
6.2.3.5 ICT Services . 39
6.2.3.5.1 General . 39
6.2.3.5.2 Eight items to consider . 39
6.2.4 Cut-off rules . 41
6.2.5 Data quality requirements . 42
ETSI

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4 ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.1 (2014-10)
6.2.5.1 General . 42
6.2.5.2 Specific requirements on data and data sources . 43
6.3 Life cycle inventory (LCI). 45
6.3.1 Data collection . 45
6.3.1.1 General . 45
6.3.1.2 ICT goods . 46
6.3.1.2.1 Use stage energy consumption of ICT goods . 46
6.3.1.2.2 ICT goods data for other life cycle stages . 46
6.3.1.2.3 Energy mixes . 46
6.3.1.2.4 Handling of LCI results for electricity and energy . 47
6.3.1.3 ICT networks. 47
6.3.1.4 ICT services . 47
6.3.2 Data calculation . 47
6.3.2.1 General . 47
6.3.2.2 ICT goods . 48
6.3.2.3 ICT networks. 48
6.3.2.4 ICT services . 49
6.3.3 Allocation procedure/Allocation of data . 49
6.3.3.1 General . 49
6.3.3.2 Allocation rules for generic processes. 50
6.3.3.3 Allocation rules for allocation of support activities between projects/product systems . 50
6.3.3.4 Allocation rules for facility data . 50
6.3.3.5 Allocation rules for transports . 50
6.3.3.6 Allocation rules for recycling . 50
6.3.3.7 ICT goods . 50
6.3.3.8 ICT networks. 51
6.3.3.9 ICT services . 51
7 Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) . 52
7.1 Impact categories . 52
8 Life cycle interpretation . 56
8.1 General . 56
8.2 Uncertainty analysis . 56
8.3 Sensitivity analysis . 56
9 Reporting . 56
9.1 General . 56
9.2 ICT goods . 58
9.2.1 Total results . 58
9.2.2 System boundaries . 60
9.2.2.1 Life cycle stages, unit processes and generic processes . 60
9.2.2.2 Raw material acquisition . 60
9.2.2.3 Production . 61
9.2.2.3.1 Parts production . 61
9.2.2.4 Use . 61
9.2.2.4.1 ICT goods use . 61
9.2.2.4.2 Support goods use. 61
9.2.2.5 EoLT . 61
9.2.3 LCI results . 61
9.3 ICT Network . 61
9.3.1 Total results . 62
9.4 ICT services . 64
9.4.1 Total results . 65
10 Critical review . 67
Part II: Comparative analysis/LCA between ICT and reference product system (baseline
scenario): framework and guidance . 68
11 General description of comparative analysis . 68
11.1 Need for comparative analysis . 68
11.2 Target systems for comparative analysis . 69
11.3 Principles of comparisons between systems (comparative analysis) . 69
ETSI

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5 ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.1 (2014-10)
11.3.1 First case: comparison between a reference product system and an ICT service . 69
11.3.2 Second case: comparison between two ICT goods or two ICT networks or two ICT services . 70
11.3.3 Common principles . 70
11.4 Procedures of comparisons between systems (comparative analysis) . 70
12 Methodological framework of comparative analysis . 71
12.1 General requirements . 71
12.2 Goal and scope definition . 71
12.2.1 Functional unit . 71
12.2.2 System boundaries . 71
12.2.3 Cut-off . 72
12.2.3.1 General . 72
12.2.3.2 Identification of life cycle stages and items important for comparison . 72
12.2.4 Allocation . 72
12.2.5 Data quality requirements . 72
12.3 Life cycle inventory. 72
12.4 Life cycle impact assessment . 72
12.5 Life cycle interpretation . 72
12.5.1 General . 72
12.5.2 Sensitivity analysis . 73
12.5.3 Uncertainty analysis . 73
13 Reporting . 74
14 Critical review . 75
Annex A (normative): Details regarding the handling of software . 76
Annex B (normative): Modelling of unit processes . 78
Annex C (normative): Support activities . 80
Annex D (normative): Generic processes . 81
Annex E (normative): Part types of ICT goods . 83
Annex F (normative): EoLT processes . 86
Annex G (normative): Elementary flows (emissions and resources) . 87
Annex H (normative): List of Raw materials . 90
Annex I: Void. . 92
Annex J (normative): ICT network overview . 93
Annex K (normative): A method for assessing the environmental load of the working
environment . 95
K.1 Purpose of targeting the working environment in the assessment of ICT goods, networks, and
services . 95
K.2 Functional unit . 95
K.3 System boundary . 95
K.4 Life cycle inventory (LCI) . 96
K.4.1 Data collection . 96
K.4.2 Data calculation . 96
K.4.3 Allocation procedure . 96
Annex L (normative): Reporting formats . 98
Annex M (informative): Example of an LCA of a Mobile Phone fully compliant with the
present document . 105
ETSI

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6 ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.1 (2014-10)
Annex N (informative): Life cycle stages overview . 137
Annex O (informative): Examples of goods and black box modules . 138
O.1 End-user goods . 138
O.2 CPE. 138
O.3 Network site goods (from base station sites to data centres) . 138
O.4 Examples of ICT specific black box modules . 139
O.5 Site support goods . 139
Annex P (informative): Examples of Networks and Network goods . 140
Annex Q (informative): Energy mix . 141
Annex R (informative): Examples of Allocation Procedures . 142
R.1 Allocation examples for Recycling of Materials . 142
R.1.1 Example of the 100/0 and 0/100 methods . 142
R.1.2 Example of the 50/50 method and combination of 100/0 and 50/50 . 143
Annex S (informative): Example of data quality indicators . 145
Annex T (informative): Uncertainties of life cycle assessments for ICT goods, networks and
services . 147
Annex U (informative): Opportunities and limitations in the use of LCAs for ICT goods,
networks and services . 149
Annex V (informative): Examples for calculating second order effects . 151
Annex W (informative): GWP values 100 year time frame (informative) . 154
Annex X (informative): Summary of requirements . 155
History . 167

ETSI

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7 ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.1 (2014-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs n
...

Final draft ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.0 (2014-07)






ETSI Standard
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Methodology for environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
goods, networks and services

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 Final draft ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.0 (2014-07)



Reference
RES/EE-EEPS006 LCA
Keywords
LCA
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: [phone]  Fax: [phone]

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2014.
All rights reserved.

TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 Final draft ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.0 (2014-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 7
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 11
2 References . 11
2.1 Normative references . 12
2.2 Informative references . 12
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 13
3.1 Definitions . 13
3.2 Abbreviations . 17
4 Void . 20
Part I: ICT life cycle assessment - framework and guidance . 20
5 General description. 20
5.1 General description of an LCA . 20
5.2 Compliance to the present document. 21
5.3 Comparisons of results . 22
5.4 Relationship between methodologies of LCAs for ICT goods, networks, and services . 22
6 Methodological framework . 23
6.1 General requirements . 23
6.1.1 Life cycle stages . 23
6.1.2 The goods, networks, and services Product System . 24
6.1.2.1 ICT goods . 24
6.1.2.2 ICT networks. 24
6.1.2.3 ICT services . 25
6.1.3 Handling of software . 25
6.1.3.1 General . 25
6.1.3.2 Assessment of software . 25
6.1.4 Operating lifetime . 26
6.2 Goal and scope definition . 27
6.2.1 Goal and scope of the study . 27
6.2.2 Functional unit . 27
6.2.2.1 General . 27
6.2.2.2 ICT goods . 28
6.2.2.3 ICT networks. 29
6.2.2.4 ICT services . 30
6.2.3 System boundaries . 30
6.2.3.1 General . 30
6.2.3.2 The use of unit processes . 33
6.2.3.3 ICT good . 33
6.2.3.3.1 General . 33
6.2.3.3.2 Goods Raw materials acquisition . 33
6.2.3.3.3 Production . 34
6.2.3.3.4 Use . 36
6.2.3.3.5 End-of-life treatment (EoLT) . 37
6.2.3.4 ICT Networks . 38
6.2.3.5 ICT Services . 39
6.2.3.5.1 General . 39
6.2.3.5.2 Eight items to consider . 40
6.2.4 Cut-off rules . 41
6.2.5 Data quality requirements . 42
ETSI

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4 Final draft ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.0 (2014-07)
6.2.5.1 General . 42
6.2.5.2 Specific requirements on data and data sources . 43
6.3 Life cycle inventory (LCI). 45
6.3.1 Data collection . 45
6.3.1.1 General . 45
6.3.1.2 ICT goods . 46
6.3.1.2.1 Use stage energy consumption of ICT goods/Energy consumption during use stage . 46
6.3.1.2.2 ICT goods data for other life cycle stages . 46
6.3.1.2.3 Energy mixes . 46
6.3.1.2.4 Handling of LCI results for electricity and energy . 47
6.3.1.3 ICT networks. 47
6.3.1.4 ICT services . 47
6.3.2 Data calculation . 47
6.3.2.1 General . 47
6.3.2.2 ICT goods . 48
6.3.2.3 ICT networks. 48
6.3.2.4 ICT services . 49
6.3.3 Allocation procedure/Allocation of data . 49
6.3.3.1 General . 49
6.3.3.2 Allocation rules for generic processes. 49
6.3.3.3 Allocation rules for allocation of support activities between projects/product systems . 50
6.3.3.4 Allocation rules for facility data . 50
6.3.3.5 Allocation rules for transports . 50
6.3.3.6 Allocation rules for recycling . 50
6.3.3.7 ICT goods . 50
6.3.3.8 ICT networks/Network . 51
6.3.3.9 ICT services . 51
7 Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) . 52
7.1 Impact categories . 52
8 Life cycle interpretation . 56
8.1 General . 56
8.2 Uncertainty analysis . 56
8.3 Sensitivity analysis . 56
9 Reporting . 56
9.1 General . 56
9.2 ICT goods . 58
9.2.1 Total results . 58
9.2.2 System boundaries . 60
9.2.2.1 Life cycle stages, unit processes and generic processes . 60
9.2.2.2 Raw material acquisition . 60
9.2.2.3 Production . 61
9.2.2.3.1 Parts production . 61
9.2.2.4 Use . 61
9.2.2.4.1 ICT goods use . 61
9.2.2.4.2 Support goods use. 61
9.2.2.5 EoLT . 61
9.2.3 LCI results . 61
9.3 ICT Network . 61
9.3.1 Total results . 62
9.4 ICT services . 64
9.4.1 Total results . 65
10 Critical review . 67
Part II: Comparative analysis/LCA between ICT and reference product system (baseline
scenario): framework and guidance . 68
11 General description of comparative analysis . 68
11.1 Need for comparative analysis . 68
11.2 Target systems for comparative analysis . 69
11.3 Principles of comparisons between systems (comparative analysis) . 69
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
5 Final draft ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.0 (2014-07)
11.3.1 First case: comparison between a reference product system and an ICT service . 69
11.3.2 Second case: comparison between two ICT goods or two ICT networks or two ICT services . 70
11.3.3 Common principles . 70
11.4 Procedures of comparisons between systems (comparative analysis) . 70
12 Methodological framework of comparative analysis . 71
12.1 General requirements . 71
12.2 Goal and scope definition . 71
12.2.1 Functional unit . 71
12.2.2 System boundaries . 71
12.2.3 Cut-off . 72
12.2.3.1 General . 72
12.2.3.2 Identification of life cycle stages and items important for comparison . 72
12.2.4 Allocation . 72
12.2.5 Data quality requirements . 72
12.3 Life cycle inventory. 72
12.4 Life cycle impact assessment . 72
12.5 Life cycle interpretation . 72
12.5.1 General . 72
12.5.2 Sensitivity analysis . 73
12.5.3 Uncertainty analysis . 73
13 Reporting . 74
14 Critical review . 75
Annex A (normative): Details regarding the handling of software . 76
Annex B (normative): Modelling of unit processes . 78
Annex C (normative): Support activities . 80
Annex D (normative): Generic processes . 81
Annex E (normative): Part types of ICT goods . 83
Annex F (normative): EoLT processes . 86
Annex G (normative): Elementary flows (emissions and resources) . 87
Annex H (normative): List of Raw materials . 91
Annex I (normative): ICT network overview . 93
Annex J (normative): A method for assessing the environmental load of the working
environment . 95
J.1 Purpose of targeting the working environment in the assessment of ICT goods, networks, and
services . 95
J.2 Functional unit . 95
J.3 System boundary . 95
J.4 Life cycle inventory (LCI) . 96
J.4.1 Data collection . 96
J.4.2 Data calculation . 96
J.4.3 Allocation procedure . 96
Annex K (normative): Reporting formats . 98
Annex L (informative): Example of an LCA of a Mobile Phone fully compliant with the
present document . 105
Annex M (informative): Life cycle stages overview . 138
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 Final draft ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.0 (2014-07)
Annex N (informative): Examples of goods and black box modules . 139
N.1 End-user goods . 139
N.2 CPE. 139
N.3 Network site goods (from base station sites to data centres) . 139
N.4 Examples of ICT specific black box modules . 140
N.5 Site support goods . 140
Annex O (informative): Examples of Networks and Network goods . 141
Annex P (informative): Energy mix . 142
Annex Q (informative): Examples of Allocation Procedures . 143
Q.1 Allocation examples for Recycling of Materials . 143
Q.1.1 Example of the 100/0 and 0/100 methods . 143
Q.1.2 Example of the 50/50 method and combination of 100/0 and 50/50 . 144
Annex R (informative): Example of data quality indicators . 146
Annex S (informative): Uncertainties of life cycle assessments for ICT goods, networks and
services . 148
Annex T (informative): Opportunities and limitations in the use of LCAs for ICT goods,
networks and services . 150
Annex U (informative): Examples for calculating second order effects . 152
Annex V (informative): GWP values 100 year time frame (informative) . 155
Annex W (informative): Summary of requirements . 156
History . 168

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 Final draft ETSI ES 203 199 V1.2.0 (2014-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Se
...