ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)

3D RayTracing Interference Analysis in V-Band

DGR/mWT-0010

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Apr-2018
• Technical Committee: mWT - millimetre Wave Transmission
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 24-Apr-2018
• Completion Date: 23-Apr-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

GROUP REPORT
3D RayTracing Interference Analysis in V-Band
Disclaimer
The present document has been produced and approved by the millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT) ETSI Industry
Specification Group (ISG) and represents the views of those members who participated in this ISG.
It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership.

2 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)

Reference
DGR/mWT-0010
Keywords
3D ray-tracing, 60 GHz, FWA, interference
analysis, listen before talk, mWT, network
performance, V-band
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: [phone]  Fax: [phone]

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© ETSI 2018.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM TM
3GPP and LTE are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members. ®
GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Executive summary . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Abbreviations . 8
4 System model for 3D RayTracing simulations . 9
5 3D RayTracing interference analysis . 10
5.1 Washington simulation scenario . 10
5.1.1 Simulation cases . 10
5.1.2 Mesh network topology at street level . 11
5.1.3 Simulation method and results . 12
5.1.4 Street to roof network topology . 13
5.1.5 Additional WiGig interferers . 14
5.1.6 Long street paths . 15
5.2 Shanghai, China simulation scenario. 18
5.2.1 Roof-to-roof . 18
5.2.2 Nodal specific case . 19
6 2D interference analysis . 21
6.1 Rooftop deployment scenario simulation . 21
6.2 Street-level deployment scenario simulation . 25
7 3-D RayTracing Simulations of Outdoor Coexistence in V-band . 27
7.1 Suitability of V-Band for FWA use case . 27
7.1.1 Introduction. 27
7.1.2 San Jose simulation scenario . 28
7.1.3 FWA link characteristics . 28
7.1.4 FWA C/I simulation results . 28
7.2 Coexistence of FWA and Fixed Services (FS) in the V-band . 29
7.2.1 Analysis . 29
7.2.2 FS Exclusion zone analysis . 29
7.2.3 Statistical analysis . 30
7.2.4 Section of San Jose deployment . 32
7.2.4.1 Introduction . 32
7.2.4.2 Scenario 1a . 32
7.2.4.3 Scenario 1b: FS links perpendicular to street . 32
7.2.4.4 Scenario 2: directed BF at FWA nodes . 33
7.3 San Jose simulation conclusion . 34
8 Distribution Networks and Short Range Devices Coexistence . 34
8.1 Overview . 34
8.2 Outdoor to indoor penetration with DN to CN transmission . 35
8.3 Outdoor to indoor penetration with CN to DN . 37
8.4 Outdoor to indoor penetration with CN to DN summary . 39
9 Network Analysis . 40
10 Listen Before Talk . 41
10.1 Overview . 41
ETSI
4 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
10.2 System model . 41
10.3 Simulation results . 42
Annex A: Network simulation parameters . 44
A.1 Parameter definition . 44
A.2 Simulation assumptions . 44
Annex B: mmWV FWA . 47
B.1 Overview . 47
Annex C: Authors & contributors . 49
Annex D: Change History . 50
History . 51

ETSI
5 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Group Report (GR) has been produced by ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) millimetre Wave
Transmission (mWT).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive summary
The simulation results, reported in the present document, upon the Mesh network model for FWA, provide a positive
feedback to deploy this outdoor application in V-Band.
It is shown that it is possible to run a network with only one frequency channel with high throughput (1,6 Gbps per link
and a total 6,6 Gbps when the traffic generated from four equipment reach the fibre point of presence) and relative small
delay (The performance is reached when the last link capacity is not exceeded.).
Further simulations show that high density networks can be deployed at low interference level by using steerable
antenna and that on a Manhattan Grid topology the interference level experienced by using fixed beam antenna or
steerable antenna is practical the same.
It has been shown that FWA links operating in V-Band can coexist well by using the same frequency channel
(i.e. reuse-1) provided proper timing synchronization, assignment of TX/RX roles and working TPC.
In addition, also outdoor coexistence studies between FWA and FS applications are presented and collocated FWA
links affect FS links in relatively small percent of cases (mostly below 10 %).
Exclusion zones for FS links are meaningless for street level deployments since reflections from interfering signal
outside of the exclusion zone can bring interfering signal back to the receiver.
It is also confirmed that mmWV distribution network STAs do not harm indoor operation.
ETSI
6 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
Finally, it is shown that LBT can guaranteed good performance in term of Average Transmit Capacity by allowing fair
spectrum usage too.
Introduction
V-Band communication links are foreseen to be used for both access and transport applications.
Access applications, which are the main subject of the present document, include street level connectivity,
urban/suburban fixed broadband residential access and business connectivity.
They are widely known as Fixed Wireless Access (FWA).
Transport applications include connecting devices such as Wi-Fi access-point and smart-city sensor.
These applications are compatible with V-Band equipment short range and small foot print characteristics used for
FWA, which make street level installations using either P2P or P2MP topology possible.
V-Band equipment may also be used in rooftop to street connectivity, for access applications and as a feeding point for
street-level chains.
The links range using beam-steering antennas is limited due to their relatively low gain to about 200 m (typical), and is
additionally restricted by the availability of clear line-of-sight [i.2]. Link operation is strongly protected from
interference by line-of-sight blockage (typically by structures and foliage) and by Oxygen absorption which reaches at
maximum 15 dB/km in the band (around 59 GHz).
There are also secondary protection mechanisms such as the antenna spatial filtering, i.e. the low transmit power spread
across wide bandwidth, leading to low spectral power density and robust modulation schemes typically being used.
NOTE: To circumvent residual interference and enhance operation reliability, sharing algorithms such as dynamic
frequency selection (DFS) and listen before talk (LBT) medium access protocols may be deployed but are
not object of the present document.

ETSI
7 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
1 Scope
The present document presents results of an interference analysis, carried on parts of a real city scenarios, supported by
a 3D ray tracing SW tool.
Also, network capacity, delay and LBT performance evaluations are provided for specific simulation cases.
A focus has been put on the new usage model called "mmWave Distribution Network", also known as "Mesh Network",
as recently proposed by IEEE 802.11 [i.1] in July 2017.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] IEEE 802.11™-2015/0625r5: "IEEE 802.11 TGay Use Cases", July 2017.
NOTE: Available at https://mentor.ieee.org/802.11/dcn/15/11-15-0625-07-00ay-ieee-802-11-tgay-usage-
scenarios.pptx.
[i.2] CEPT ECC SRD/MG SRDMG(17)062 19 April 2017: "60 GHz considerations for discussion"
(Huawei contribution).
[i.3] IEEE 802.11ad™-2016: "IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems--Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific
requirements-Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications Amendment 3: Enhancements for Very High Throughput in the 60 GHz Band".
[i.4] M. Zaaimia, R. Touhami, A. Hamza and M. C. E. Yagoub: "Design and performance evaluation of
802.11ad phys in 60 GHz multipath fading channel", International Workshop on Systems, Signal
th
Processing and their Applications (WoSSPA) 2013 8 Algiers, pp. 521-525.
[i.5] ETSI EN 302 217-2 (V3.1.1) (05-2017): "Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements
for point-to-point equipment and antennas; Part 2: Digital systems operating in frequency bands
from 1 GHz to 86 GHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.6] Recommendation ITU-R F.699-7 (04-2006): "Reference radiation patterns for fixed wireless
system antennas for use in coordination studies and interference assessment in the frequency range
from 100 MHz to about 70 GHz".
[i.7] CEPT ECC ERC Report 173: "Fixed Service in Europe Current use and future trends post 2011"
and revisions.
[i.8] ETSI GS mWT 004 (V1.1.1) (06-2016): "Millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT); V-band street
level interference analysis".
ETSI
8 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
[i.9] CEPT ECC ERC Recommendation 70-03 : "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.10] ETSI EN 302 567 (V2.1.1) (07-2017): "Multiple-Gigabit/s radio equipment operating in the 60
GHz band; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU".
[i.11] European Commission, Broadband strategy & policy.
NOTE: Available at https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/broadband-strategy-policy.
[i.12] IEEE P802.11 - Task Group ay - Meeting Update.
NOTE: Available at http://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/tgay_update.htm.
3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
A-BFT Association Beam-Forming Training
AG Aktiengesellschaft
NOTE: German: Stock Corporation.
AP Access Point
ATPC Automatic Transmission Power Control
BER Bit Error Ratio
BF Beam Forming
BI Beacon Interval
BS Base Station
BTI Beacon Transmission Interval
BW BandWidth
CBAP Contention-Based Access Period
CCA Clear Channel Assessment
CDF Cumulative Distribution Function
CN Client Node
DFS Dynamic Frequency Selection
DL Down Link
DN Distribution Node
DOA Direction Of Arrival
DOD Direction Of Departure
DTI Data Transfer Interval
eCCA extended Clear Channel Assessment
ED Energy Detection (threshold)
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
FBR Front to Back Ratio (antenna parameter)
FCC Federal Communication Commission
FS Fixed Service
FWA Fixed Wireless Access
HPBW Half Power Beam Width
I Interference (i.e. interference signal both single or aggregate)
IAP Interferer Access Point
LBT Listen Before Talk
LOS Line Of Sight
MAC Medium Access Control (Layer)
MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
MDU Multi-Dwelling Unit
mmWV millimetre WaVe
MP Multi-Point
MPDU MAC Protocol Data Unit
NF Noise Figure
NFD Net Filter Discrimination
NLOS Non-Line Of Sight
ETSI
9 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
P2MP Point to Multi-Point
P2P Point to Point
PD Power Detection (threshold)
PEC Perfect Electromagnetic Conductor
PHY Physical
PMP Point-Multi-Point
POP Point Of Presence
PtMP Point to Multi-Point
PtP Point to Point
QPSK Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying
RF Radio Frequency
RPE Radiation Pattern Envelope
RT Remote Terminal
RX Receiver
S Signal (i.e. wanted signal)
S/I Signal to Interference ratio
SINR Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SP Service Period
SRD Short Range Device
STA STAtion (node)
SW Software
TD Threshold Degradation
TDD Time Division Duplex
TPC Transmission Power Control
TRN-T/R Transmit or Receive Training
TS Time Slot
TX Transmitter
U Number of interference links
UL Up Link
WiGig™ Wireless Gigabit Alliance
4 System model for 3D RayTracing simulations
The simulation procedure, which has been performed for various scenarios, is based on a 3D map, over which a set of
network elements are placed, in accordance with the analysed case. Links within this network are then analysed on each
transmission directions (i.e. both DL and UL), to evaluate the received signal, noise and interference levels.
Two kinds of nodes, provided with steerable antenna, have been defined AP (Access Point) and RT (Remote Terminal).
In each AP node two sectors (or directions) can be covered.
Systems operate in TDD mode and simulations are executed in absence of rain (i.e. clear sky).
Two different frequency arrangements have been used: the former with a single channel frequency and the latter with
two channels available.
The EIRP value is fixed at 40 dBm as maximum value allowed by CEPT in Europe and FCC for non-fixed P2P
application in USA.
NOTE: At current moment only for indoor application and for non-fixed outdoor application.
The steerable antenna is simulated as a Phased-Array antenna with 60 elements (a 12 x 5 array was used, with phase
shifters for each element) with 6,5 dBi gain/element.
In Table 1 the main characteristics of the simulated systems are shown and in two simulated RPE diagram examples are
reported in two steering directions (i.e. 0° and 45°).
Only in clause 6 a 2D geometric interference analysis has been performed.
ETSI
10 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
Table 1: Main system characteristics
Parameters Value
EIRP 40 dBm
TX power level 17,5 dBm
Noise figure 7 dB
Bandwidth 2 160 MHz (WiGig RF Channel)
Front to back separation 90 dB
Adjacent channel separation 20 dB (NFD)
Receiver sensitivity -61 dBm (for IEEE 802.11ad MCS 8) [i.3]
Antenna main lobe gain 22,5 dBi
Max steering angle (range) 45° only on azimuth plane
HPBW azimuth ±5°
HPBW elevation ±10°
Installation Height 3 m except otherwise specified
Reference modulation and coding scheme MCS 8
-6
SINR (BER 10 ) 7 dB (Table A.1)

Figure 1: Antenna RPE diagram at 0° (boresight) and 45° pointing directions
5 3D RayTracing interference analysis
5.1 Washington simulation scenario
5.1.1 Simulation cases
The considered area is a portion of Washington D.C. (USA), a typical dense urban clutter (Figure 2). The green square
is the actual map available for the simulation tool but, due to symmetry of the topology and buildings shielding, only
the yellow sector has been analysed in detail.
Equipment with antennas are placed at height ranging from 3 m to 5 m.
Two simulation cases have been considered:
• Mesh network.
• Linear network topologies, to consider street canyoning.
ETSI
11 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)

Figure 2: Washington D.C. considered sector
5.1.2 Mesh network topology at street level
In Figure 3 the basic arrangement for mesh network topology is shown. In the simulated network model there are:
• 3 fibre Points of Presence (PoP), depicted as blue diamonds (node 1, 7 and 11).
• 9 Access Points (AP), depicted as yellow placeholders (nodes).
• Other 3 APs are placed in same positions of PoPs.
A specific graph has been selected to connect PoPs and APs and it is depicted with solid arrows. Furthermore, each PoP
is assumed to reach some APs by means of a preferential path resulting in 3 different "network island" (blue dashed
ellipses).
The three different network islands are based on network topology, in relation with simulated traffic flow through
network nodes (such as spanning tree).
Possible alternative paths are represented by dashed arrows.
Simulations have been carried out only for the preferential path (i.e. solid connection lines).
Transmission direction from each PoP onwards is assumed as "downlink" (DL) and the opposite is considered as
"uplink" (UL) in the present document.
ETSI
12 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)

Figure 3: Specific portion analysed
5.1.3 Simulation method and results
For each link and for each direction (UL/DL), the wanted received signal (S) and the aggregated level of interference
coming from all other links in the network (I) are computed by means of a 3D ray-tracing tool.
Results are shown in terms of Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR) and Signal to Noise ratio (SNR).
Table 2: One single channel used
AP AP Length [m] SINR_DL [dB] SINR_UL [dB] SNR [dB]
AP02 AP03 140 22,6 18,4 22,6
AP10 AP11 221 4,88 9,07 9,07
AP08 AP07 118 21,5 21,6 21,6
AP09 AP05 167 13,1 10,1 14,3
AP06 AP05 105 20,1 19,6 24,3
AP06 AP07 161 8,28 12,5 12,5
AP01 AP04 120 9,94 11,7 14,1
AP03 AP04 51,6 13 14,1 18,3
AP10 AP13 117 19,1 15 19,1
Table 3: Two RF channels used
AP AP Length [m] SINR_DL [dB] SINR_UL [dB] SNR [dB]
AP02 AP03 140 22,6 22,5 22,6
AP10 AP11 221 9,07 9,07 9,07
AP08 AP07 118 21,5 21,6 21,6
AP09 AP05 167 14,2 14,2 14,3
AP06 AP05 105 24,2 24,2 24,3
AP06 AP07 161 12,4 12,5 12,5
AP01 AP04 120 14,1 14,1 14,1
AP03 AP04 51,6 18,2 18,2 18,3
AP10 AP13 117 19,1 15 19,1
Table 2 and Table 3 show that the availability of a single channel in the network is enough to guarantee the use of MCS
8, while the addition of a second channel exhibits a SINR improvement on average of 2 or 3 dB.
ETSI
13 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
5.1.4 Street to roof network topology
In this simulation scenario (Figure 4 and Figure 5) the network elements density has been increased by adding some
more RT nodes as access terminals on the rooftop corners of buildings (such as in a FWA use case). Antenna vertical
HPBW characteristic only is used to access the roof terminals (no steering capability assumed in Elevation plane). As
usual direction towards the access point is referred as uplink (UL) and the opposite is downlink (DL).
Results for the simulated links are shown in case the buildings and the streets are realized by a partial reflecting material
(concrete) or by a perfectly reflecting one.

Figure 4: Simulation scenario
Figure 5: Antenna Vertical HPBW
Table 4 is showing results in case material constituting buildings and road are not reflective.
Result show that most links can have SINR much higher than 10 dB by reaching values up to about 38 dB. Such links
are in Line of Sight conditions.
For other links, where LOS condition is not met, the propagation is dominated by diffraction, and the SINR appears
much lower. These links, AP07-RT10 and AP11-RT03, cannot operate.
ETSI
14 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
Table 4: AP/Node to/from RT, Concrete Buildings and Concrete Street
AP RT Length [m] SINR_DL [dB] SINR_UL [dB] SNR [dB]
AP11 RT02 39 29,7 29,7 29,7
AP10 RT04 55 29,2 29,4 29,4
AP10 RT05 61 17,5 17,5 17,5
AP10 RT06 30 34,3 34,3 34,3
AP10 RT07 65 27 26,8 27
AP08 RT08 42 27,4 28,5 28,7
AP08 RT09 67 11,9 12,1 12,1
AP08 RT11 48 30,7 30,7 30,7
AP07 RT10 89 -6,48 -7,82 -6,48
AP11 RT03 78 -12,7 -12,9 -12,7

Table 5 shows the results when perfect reflective (PEC) material is used in simulation. The figures for links, where the
LOS condition is met, does not change significantly with respect to the previous case. Instead for one NLOS links
reflection becomes prevalent over diffraction and the SINR improve. In this condition the link AP07-RT10 can operate.
Table 5: AP/Node to/from RT, perfect reflecting material for Buildings and Street
AP RT Length [m] SINR_DL [dB] SINR_UL [dB] SNR [dB]
AP11 RT02 39 29,7 29,7 29,7
AP10 RT04 55 29 29,4 29,4
AP10 RT05 61 17,5 17,5 17,5
AP10 RT06 30 34,2 34 34,3
AP10 RT07 65 27 26,6 27
AP08 RT08 42 27,7 28,8 29
AP08 RT09 67 16,8 15 16,9
AP08 RT11 48 30,7 30,7 30,7
AP07 RT10 89 16,8 15 16,9
AP11 RT03 78 -10 -10 -10
The reflections can become the dominant effect for some specific links (i.e. NLOS links), where diffraction appears to
be a significant propagation mechanism with non-reflecting material.
In the presence of sufficiently reflecting materials (PEC case), figures of some NLOS links can improve significantly
for SINR values, allowing expected transmission traffic.
5.1.5 Additional WiGig interferers
A further simulation has been done by adding three WiGig interferers (IAP 1, 2 and 3) in same road where network
access points AP7, AP8, AP10 and AP11 are placed. The three new elements are at street level, at same height from
ground, fixed to building walls and on both sides of the road.
IAP equipment characteristics:
• TX power: 23,5 dBm
• Antenna gain: 13 dBi
• Horizontal HPBW: ∼90°
• Vertical HPBW: ∼10°
Table 5 shows that addition of such elements produces negligible (around 0,2 dB) or no SINR changes.
ETSI
15 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
Table 6: AP/Node to/from RT, Concrete Buildings and
Concrete Street, Interference AP (IAP) at street level
AP RT Length [m] SINR_DL [dB] SINR_UL [dB] SNR [dB]
AP11 RT02 39 29,7 29,7 29,7
AP10 RT04 55 29,2 29,4 29,4
AP10 RT05 61 17,4 17,5 17,5
AP10 RT06 30 34,2 34,2 34,3
AP10 RT07 65 26,8 26,7 27
AP08 RT08 42 27,4 28,5 28,7
AP08 RT09 67 11,9 12,1 12,1
AP08 RT11 48 30,7 30,7 30,7
AP07 RT10 89 -6,83 -7,83 -6,48
AP11 RT03 78 -12,7 -12,9 -12,7

5.1.6 Long street paths
This simulation has been specifically addressed to study the behaviour of network over long straight directions (long
streets). Two main cases, Mode 1 (in-phase transmission) and Mode 2 (alternate transmission) configurations (Figure 6
and Figure 7), in three specific conditions have been studied:
• Equipment (AP) located at same height (3 m) from road level and same side of street.
• Equipment (AP) at different levels (3 m and 5 m) from road floor and same side of street.
• Equipment (AP) located at same height (3 m) from road floor and geometrically alternated along both sides of
street ("zigzag").
T timeslot
0 T time slot
15 15
11 10 08 07 10 07
11 08
Figure 6: Mode 1 in-phase transmission configuration
ETSI
16 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
Table 7: Mode 1 Simulation Results
A: Line Topology (Mode 1) (all 3 meter height) - APs at the same side
AP AP Length [m] SINR_DL [dB] SINR_UL [dB] SNR [dB]
AP7 AP8  4,88 13,2 17,4
AP8 AP10  5,19 7,21 19
AP10 AP11  6,59 5,86 19,6
(POP)
AP11 AP15 12,7 3.23 16,9
(POP)
B: Line Topology (Mode 1) Vertical Variation (3, 5, 3, 5 & 3) m - APs at the same side
AP AP Length [m] SINR_DL [dB] SINR_UL [dB] SNR [dB]
AP7 AP8  4,66 12,8 17
AP8 AP10  5,18 6,93 18,5
AP10 AP11  6,35 5,83 19,2
(POP)
AP11 AP15  12,3 3,05 16,5
(POP)
C: Line Topology (Mode 1) (all 3 meter height) geometrically alternated along both sides of the street
AP AP Length [m] SINR_DL [dB] SINR_UL [dB] SNR [dB]
AP7 AP8  12,9 17 21,2
AP8 AP10  9,98 10,47 17,7
AP10 AP11  12,4 16,6 25,1
(POP)
AP11 AP15  11,6 2,98 15,8
(POP)
T time slot
T timeslot
15 15
11 10 08 07 10 07
11 08
Figure 7: Mode 2 alternate transmission configuration
ETSI
17 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
Table 8: Mode 2 Simulation Results
A: Line Topology (Mode 2) (all 3 meter height) - APs at the same side
AP AP Length [m] SINR_DL [dB] SINR_UL [dB] SNR [dB]
AP7 AP8  10,9 17,4 17,4
(POP)
AP8 AP10  19 12,3 19
(POP)
AP10 AP11  19,6 13,1 19,6
(POP)
AP11 AP15  10,2 16,9 16,9
(POP)
B: Line Topology (Mode 2) Vertical Variation (3, 5, 3, 5 & 3) m - APs at the same side
AP AP Length [m] SINR_DL [dB] SINR_UL [dB] SNR [dB]
AP7 AP8  10,6 17 17
(POP)
AP8 AP10  18,5 12,2 18,5
(POP)
AP10 AP11  19,1 12,8 19,2
(POP)
AP11 AP15  9,96 16,5 16,5
(POP)
C: Line Topology (Mode 2) (all 3 meter height) geometrically alternated along both sides of the street
AP AP Length [m] SINR_DL [dB] SINR_UL [dB] SNR [dB]
AP7 AP8  15,5 21,2 21,2
(POP)
AP8 AP10  17,7 13,8 17,7
(POP)
AP10 AP11  25,1 19,5 25,1
(POP)
AP11 AP15  11,8 15,7 15,8
(POP)
Mode 2 grants from 6 and 7 dB higher SINR than Mode 1, showing that the choice of transmission system along the
path can play a significant role in the overall performance. In line with this consideration, topology realized using
consecutive crossing-road connections ("zigzag" topology) provides a further 3 dB increase of SINR in both modes.
Installations using nodes with equal heights from the road levels (3 m and 5 m) show negligible degradation in SNR
due to the small reduction of the RX power, since no vertical steering is applied.
ETSI
18 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
5.2 Shanghai, China simulation scenario
5.2.1 Roof-to-roof
In the Shanghai area (Figure 8) a simulation has been accomplished based on a roof to roof network configuration
shown in Figure 9.
Figure 8: Shanghai area considered in simulations
Figure 9: Roof-to-Roof Configuration
Interference analysis assuming equipment characteristics of a real 60 GHz P2P equipment was accomplished, followed
by a simulation assuming a WiGig™ based equipment.
P2P equipment characteristics:
• Duplex mode: TDD
• Frequency: 60 875 MHz
• Bandwidth: 2 000 MHz
• Polarization: Horizontal
• TX power: 5,5 dBm
ETSI
19 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
• Antenna gain (TX/RX): 34,5 dBi
• HPBW: 1,9°
P2MP equipment characteristics:
• Duplex mode: TDD
• Frequency: 60 875 MHz
• Bandwidth: 2 000 MHz
• Polarization: Horizontal
• TX power: 24 dBm
• Antenna gain (TX/RX): 16 dBi
• HPBW: 15°
Table 9: Interference levels - roof to roof scenario
Victim Link(DL) Interfering Link RSL(dBm) Interference (dBm) RSL(dBm) Interf. (dBm) TD(dB)
Point-to-point Point-to-MP
Link 2 Link 27 - DL -32,8 -99,8 -51,5 -99,8 0,01
Link 5 Link 22 - DL -36,7 -86,7 -55,3 -87,3 0,18
Link 5 Link 27 - DL -36,7 -101,3 Na Na 0,01
Link 6 Link 14 - DL -40,2 -98,9 -59,1 -96,7 0,01
Link 13 Link 28 - DL -37,3 -91,4 -56,2 -98,3 0,06
Link 13 Link 27 - DL -37,3 -100,4 -56,2 -96,8 0,01
Link 21 Link 24 - DL -43,0 -84,5 -61,8 -85,9 0,3
Link 21 Link 28 - DL -43,0 -98,8 -61,8 -92,8 0,01
Link 26 Link 19 - DL -39,2 -100,2 -57,7 -95,3 0,01
Link 27 Link 17 - DL -42,1 -97,5 -60,9 -95,9 0,02
Link 14 Link 6 - UL -40,2 -99,8 -58,9 -96,7 0,01
Link 12 Link 28 - UL -45,0 -99,6 -63,1 -98,1 0,01
Link 17 Link 27 - UL -41,6 -97,5 -59,8 -95,9 0,02
Link 19 Link 26 - UL -42,7 -100,2 -61,9 -95,3 0,01
Link 22 Link 5 - UL -38,2 -86,7 -56,7 -87,3 0,2
Link 24 Link 21 - UL -38.2 -84,5 -58,4 -85,9 0,3
Link 27 Link 2 - UL -42,1 -99,8 -60,9 -100,5 0,01
Link 27 Link 3 - UL -42,1 -100,4 - - 0,01
Link 27 Link 5 - UL -42,1 -101,3 - - 0,01

5.2.2 Nodal specific case
A specific nodal study, including two "self-backhauling" links (Link 1 and Link 2 in Figure 10), was also undertaken.
Two equipment, with two steerable antennas, are placed in the concentration node of this scenario.
When the system operates as "self-backhaul", only Link 1 and Link 2 are active, due to simulated antenna steering
range.
ETSI
20 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
Link2
Link8
Link7
Link6
Link1
Link4
Link5
Link3
Figure 10: Nodal setup
Table 10 shows interference levels towards "self-backhaul" links during downlink and uplink and the Sensitivity
threshold degradation (a single RF channel is used).
Table 10: Downlink and Uplink interference results
Victim Link(DL) RSL(dBm) Interfering Link Interference (dBm) TD (dB) Total TD (dB)
Link 5 - DL -84,7 0,3
Link 8 - DL -96,8 0,02
Link 1 -60,5 < 0,4
Link 4 - DL -97,5 0,02
Link 2 - DL -102,2 0,01
Link 7 - DL -80,4 0,7
Link 6 - DL -81,2 0,6
Link 5 - DL -88,9 0,1
Link 2 -62,2 < 0,8
Link 1 - DL -90,3 0,1
Link 3 - DL -91,6 0,06
Link 4 - DL -92,1 0,05
Link 5 - UL -79,4 0,9
Link 7 - UL -88,3 0,1
Link 1 -60,5 Link 2 - UL -90,3 0,08 < 1
Link 8 - UL -91,8 0,06
Link 6 - UL -94,5 0,03
Link 5 - UL -75,6 1,9
Link 2 -62,2 < 2
Link 1 - UL -102,2 0,01
Interference calculations for the access links provide comparable results with both type of antennas with negligible
threshold degradation.
A further check made using two adjacent channels confirmed the practical condition of no threshold degradation.
ETSI
21 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)
6 2D interference analysis
6.1 Rooftop deployment scenario simulation
The simulation model used in this clause is based on unplanned deployment where multiple uncoordinated sites are
deployed using a license exempt spectrum management model. The deployment is based on the use of multiple P2MP
beam-steering sectors, where each sector includes a single instance of P2MP beam-steering base-station (BS) with
several beam-steering terminals.
NOTE: In this clause the term Base Station (BS) is used with the same meaning of Access Point (AP).
The aim of the simulation is to check the expected performance, as well as get a feeling for the effect of various
parameters on interference probability. Such parameters include the use of dynamic frequency selection (DFS),
automatic transmit power control (ATPC), the overall density and the effect of terminals-per-BS density. The system
operates in TDD mode and the antenna pattern is selected per the pointing angle of the link in the sector. Each
interference scenario between any two links is described by angles and distances as shown in Figure 11.

Figure 11: Interference scenario
The simulation assumes a certain area of operation, in which a certain base-station sector density per square km is used.
Each sector is 120° wide where coverage area spans from 20 m to 200 m. In each sector it is assumed a certain terminal
per base-station density, which may be fixed or normally distributed. The simulation used a certain number of
frequency channels where 20 dB of adjacent channel rejection assumed (i.e. NFD). The propagation model is LOS
propagation (including Oxygen absorption). The simulation results are captured by observing signal to interference ratio
(S/I) distribution over about 10 000 simulation trials. These results are visualized in a histogram with S/I bins from 0 dB
to 20 dB. S/I values above ~4 dB are considered to operate with using robust modulations such as coded QPSK. An
example of a simulation scenario is shown below, where the sector density is 40 base stations per square km and the
area being analysed 1,5 km by 1,5 km. Each base station (i.e. AP) serves 4 terminals, where the blue slices represents
the base station sectors nominal coverage area and the red circles represent the terminals (i.e. RT). No coordination or
ordering is used and the position of the base station is taken from a random uniform distribution over the simulation
area while the position of the terminal is taken from a random uniform distribution in their respective base-station sector
coverage area.
ETSI
22 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)

Figure 12: Scenario example
The next figures depict simulation results in various conditions. Typically, the base station density is being varied and
ATPC is being deployed. The simulation cases include:
• Fixed four terminals per base station using two frequency channels.
• Fixed four terminals per base station using four frequency channels.
• Random N(4,2) distributed number of terminals per base station using two frequency channels.
• Fixed node density by adjusting terminal to base station ratio using two frequency channels.
• Fixed four terminals per base station using two frequency channels and no ATPC.
• The simulations include the deployment of a DFS mechanism.
ETSI
23 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)

Figure 13: Fixed four terminals per base-station using two frequency channels

Figure 14: Fixed four terminals per base-station using four frequency channels
ETSI
24 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)

Figure 15: Random N(4,2) distributed number of terminals per base-station
using two frequency channels
Figure 16: Fixed node density by adjusting terminal to base-station ratio
using two frequency channels
ETSI
25 ETSI GR mWT 010 V1.1.1 (2018-04)

Figure 17: Fixed four terminals per base-station using two frequency channels and no TPC
The above results all demonstrate very robust performance in the view of the high densities and lack of any planning
simulated. The percent of nodes that remain blocked by interference even at their most robust modulation (which is
assumed to S/I less than 4 dB) is typically in the order of 1 %.
As expected the use of more frequency channels improves the chances for lack of interference.
It is expected that real life scenarios will provide even better results due factors not considered in this analysis such as
obstacles to pure LOS propagation, such as rooftop height being non uniform across the deployment area and the
foliage height often exceeding the rooftop height.
6.2 Street-level deployment scenario simul
...