ETSI GR PDL 001 V1.1.1 (2020-03)

Permissioned Distributed Ledger (PDL); Landscape of Standards and Technologies

DGR/PDL-001_Landscape

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 26-Mar-2020
• Technical Committee: PDL - Permissioned Distributed Ledger
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 06-Apr-2020
• Completion Date: 27-Mar-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

GROUP REPORT
Permissioned Distributed Ledger (PDL);
Landscape of Standards and Technologies
Disclaimer
The present document has been produced and approved by the Permissioned Distributed Ledger ETSI Industry Specification
Group (ISG) and represents the views of those members who participated in this ISG.
It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership.

2 ETSI GR PDL 001 V1.1.1 (2020-03)

Reference
DGR/PDL-001_Landscape
Keywords
blockchain, gap analysis, state of the art, survey

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3 ETSI GR PDL 001 V1.1.1 (2020-03)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Terms . 7
3.2 Symbols . 7
3.3 Abbreviations . 7
4 Introduction to main areas of application of PDL technologies and role of standards . 8
5 Current activities in standardization . 10
5.1 International Standards Organization (ISO TC-307) . 10
5.2 CEN-CENELEC FGBDLT . 10
5.3 ITU-T FG-DLT . 11
5.4 IEEE Standards Association . 11
5.5 ETSI . 11
6 Current activities in research . 12
7 Activities of professional initiatives and alliances . 12
7.1 Opentimestamps . 12
7.2 W3C . 12
7.3 Alastria . 12
7.4 Dutch Blockchain Coalition (Private Public Partnership Netherlands) . 12
TM
7.5 Hyperledger Project . 13
7.6 EEA . 13
7.7 SEP: Common denominator with SEP (Standards Essential Patent) Landscape . 13
7.8 INATBA . 13
7.9 Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation . 13 ®
7.10 Industrial Internet Consortium . 14
7.11 Internet Society (ISoc) IRTF . 14
7.12 OASIS . 14
7.13 SBS . 14 ®
7.14 OGC . 14
7.15 FIG . 14
TM
7.16 oneM2M . 15
TM
7.17 OMA . 15
8 Highlights of PDL solutions and needs . 15
8.1 Regulatory Aspects. 15
8.2 Ecosystem and EU-Market aspects . 16
9 Enhancements and recommendations for further collaboration . 16
Annex A: Ledger Data Structures: . 17
Annex B: List of EU funded H2020 Research Projects on DLT . 18
History . 25

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4 ETSI GR PDL 001 V1.1.1 (2020-03)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Group Report (GR) has been produced by ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) Permissioned Distributed
Ledger (PDL).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Standards are everywhere and are playing a key role to protect consumers, workers and environment. Blockchain and
Distributed Ledger Technologies represent a key performance indicator for the Standardization Bodies and
Organizations worldwide. First initiative was launched by ISO in 2016, as an initiative from Australian mirror
Committee which conformed the Committee ISO/TC 307 [i.1] with the Scope "Standardisation of Blockchain
technologies and distributed ledger technologies".
Following the aim of standardization at the European level, CEN-CENELEC conformed a Focus Group [i.2] for
Blockchain and Distributed ledger technologies in 2017 which is under liaison with ISO TC307 and a White Paper
"Recommendations for Successful Adoption in Europe of Emerging Technical Standards on Distributed
Ledger/Blockchain Technologies" [i.2] was approved and published by CEN-CENELEC in 2018.
At United Nations level, the International Telecommunication Union is working very efficient with various Study
Groups and related materials and it is relevant the Focus Group [i.5] on Application of Distributed Ledger Technology
in May 2017.
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There are also initiatives and programs which are focus on standardization like the Joint Initiative on Standardization
under the Single Market Strategy [i.3] which is a voluntary collaborative effort and does not establish any new legal
commitments whereby Standards are key for innovation and progress within the European competitiveness. Basically,
this Joint Initiative on Standardization sets out a shared vision for European standards in order to take steps to better
prioritize and to modernize the current European Standardization system, as well as to strive for the timely delivery of
standardization deliverables. It supports the relevant aspects of the ten European Commission's Priorities and other
policy objectives, while clearly respecting the distribution of different competences between the EU and the Member
States.
The European Blockchain Observatory and Forum (https://www.eublockchainforum.eu/) is an open project to create
most comprehensive map of the European Blockchain ecosystem and as European Commission Initiative to accelerate
blockchain innovation and the development of blockchain ecosystem within the EU and so help cement Europe's
position as a global leader in this transformative new technology.
There are also other alternative efforts related to the standardization of some properties that DLTs can provide which
are considered within the present document like W3C (https://www.w3.org/) or https://opentimestamps.org/.

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1 Scope
The present document will identify current activities in standardization and in research which are particularly relevant
to PDL, with the goal of identifying applicable solutions, required enhancements and recommendations for further
collaboration. As appropriate, activities of professional or non-profit initiatives will also be considered.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ISO/TC 307: "Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies".
NOTE: Available at https://www.iso.org/committee/6266604.html.
[i.2] CEN-CENELEC Focus Group on Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies:
"Recommendations for Successful Adoption in Europe of Emerging Technical Standards on
Distributed Ledger/Blockchain Technologies".
NOTE: Available at
ftp://ftp.cencenelec.eu/EN/EuropeanStandardization/Sectors/ICT/Blockchain%20+%20DLT/FG-BDLT-
White%20paper-Version1.2.pdf.
[i.3] European Commission: "The Single Market Strategy".
NOTE: Available at https://ec.europa.eu/growth/single-market/strategy_en.
[i.4] ISO/TR 23455:2019: "Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies -- Overview of and
interactions between smart contracts in blockchain and distributed ledger technology systems".
NOTE: Available at https://www.iso.org/standard/75624.html.
[i.5] ITU Focus Group on Application of Distributed Ledger Technology.
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/dlt/Pages/default.aspx.
[i.6] W3C Recommendation 19 November 2019: "Verifiable Credentials Data Model 1.0".
NOTE: Available at https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model/
[i.7] Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain
legal aspects of information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal
Market.
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[i.8] European Commission JRC Science for Policy Report: "Licensing Terms of Standard Essential
Patents".
NOTE: Available at
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC104068/jrc104068%20online.pdf
[i.9] European Commission Internal Market, Industry, Entrepreneurship and SMEs: "Landscaping
study of standard essential patents in Europe".
NOTE: Available at http://ec.europa.eu/growth/content/landscaping-study-standard-essential-patents-europe-
0_en.
[i.10] Regulation (EU) No 1025/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012
on European standardisation, amending Council Directives 89/686/EEC and 93/15/EEC and
Directives 94/9/EC, 94/25/EC, 95/16/EC, 97/23/EC, 98/34/EC, 2004/22/EC, 2007/23/EC,
2009/23/EC and 2009/105/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing
Council Decision 87/95/EEC and Decision No 1673/2006/EC of the European Parliament and of
the Council.
[i.11] Geospatial Standardization of Distributed Ledger Technologies.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
Void.
3.2 Symbols
Void.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AI Artificial Intelligence
AML Anti-Money Laundering
API Application Programming Interface
CEN European Committee for Standardization
CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
CFT Counter-Financing of Terrorism or Combating the financing terrorism
CLC CENELEC
CTN Technical Committee of Standardization (Comité Técnico de Normalización)
DAO Decentralized Autonomous Organization
DIN Decentralized Internet Infrastructure
DINRG Decentralized Internet Infrastructure Research Group
DLT Distributed Ledger Technology
EBP European Blockchain Partnership
EBSI European Blockchain Service Infrastructure
EC European Commission
EEA Enterprise Ethereum Alliance
EFTA European Free Trade Association
eIDAS Electronic Identification, Authentication and Trust Services
EIRA European Interoperability Reference Architecture
ESSIF European Self Sovereign Identity Framework
ETSI European Telecommunication Standards Institute
EU European Union
FG Focus Group
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FIG International Federation of Surveyors
FRAND Fair, Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory
GDPR General Data Protection Regulation
H2020 Horizon 2020
HE Horizon Europe
ICO Initial Coin Offering
ICT Information and Communications Technology
INATBA International Association for Trusted Blockchain Applications
IoT Internet of Things
IRTF Internet Research Task Force
ISO International Standards Organization
ITU International Telecommunication Union
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunications standardization sector.
JTC Joint Technical Committee
KYC Know Your Customer
OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
OMA Open Mobile Alliance
PDL Permissioned Distributed Ledger
PIA Privacy Impact Assessment
PKI Public Key Infrastructure
PR Property Rights
RG Research Group
SBS Small Business Standards
SC11 Sub-Committee 11.
SDO Standard Developing Organization
SEP Standards-Essential Patents
SG Study Group.
SME Small and Medium Enterprise
STO Security Token Offering
TOOP The Once-Only Principle
TSAG Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group
UN/CEFACT United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business
UNCITRAL United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
UNE Spanish Association for Standardization
WS Work-Shop
4 Introduction to main areas of application of PDL
technologies and role of standards
Distributed Ledgers Technology is categorized as a General Purpose Technology and as such can provide benefits to a
large number of applications across most industries. Applications that use PDL technologies will benefit from
distributed trusted databases with recorded verifiable transactions which can be automated to increase efficiency and
reduce costs.
Typical applications, industrialized and emerging, may be divided into horizontal applications which provide common
functions, and vertical applications that serves a more specific industry application typically leveraging one or more
horizontal application. Some examples below.
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Table 1: Main Areas of PDL Applications
HORIZONTAL DOMAIN VERTICAL DOMAIN
Identity Management: individuals, objects, legal entities eGovernment: Properties, benefits records
and processes
Data Management: data sharing Healthcare: Health records, Prescriptions
Logistics and Supply-Chain Industries: Manufacturing distribution
Security Management Automotive and IoT: Supply chain, data integrity,
Autonomous vehicles
Digital Evidence Commerce, digital evidence admissible in court
Invoicing Management Finance: securities trading, Trade finance, Micro-credits
and remitance, insurance
Crypto-structures and DAO Utilities: Share records and trading, Energy Sector, Smart-
Metering, Smart-grids, Telecommunications, Water and
Waste management.
Contract Management: Smart Contracts Media and Social Media: Intellectual Properties
management, e-Sport, Culture, Art, Advertisement
Commodity Management Yield management, Agriculture
Decision Management: A.I.-decision traceability Education: e-learning, Diplomas validation
Privacy management Healthcare, Automotive and IoT, Commerce, Finance-
securities trading, Utilities
Infrastructure Management ICT: Internet resource management, Trust infrastructure
(e.g. PKI), Network security
The many initiatives have created a fragmented market and many reports states the lack of standards as a significant
barrier to adoption. Several initiatives are ongoing and examples of where standards can help include terminology,
interoperability, security, privacy and data management.
AI- data traceability: AI is a number of technologies of data processing nature that may assist decision making. The use
of AI may be validated and enhanced by traceability. The traceability of a number of data management processes
involving machine, scripting and human processing may be enhanced with the use of AI and its functionality.
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5 Current activities in standardization
5.1 International Standards Organization (ISO TC-307)
ISO/TC 307 [i.1] Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies since 2016 has 43 participating members and
13 observing members. It has liaisons committees to ISO/TC 307 and from ISO/ TC307. And it is relevant the Joint
Working Groups ISO/TC46/SC11/JWG1 with title Joint ISO/TC46/SC 11-ISO/TC 307 WG: Blockchain. There are also
organizations in liaison like European Commission, Enterprise Ethereum Alliance Inc, Institute of Electrical and
Electronic Engineers Inc, ITU, OECD, SWIFT, UNECE and International Federation of Surveyors.
ISO TC 307
ISO/CD 23257.2
Reference architecture
ISO/DIS 22739
ISO/NP TS 23635
Terminology
Guidelines for governance
ISO/CD TR 3242
ISO/WD TS 23258
ISO/AWI TS 23259
Use Cases
Taxonomy and Ontology
ISO/CD TR 23244 Legally binding
Privacy and personally Smart Contracts
identifiable information
ISO/NP TR 23246
protection
Overview of identity management
ISO/CD TR 23576
considerations
Using blockchain and DLTs
Security management of
digital asset custodians
ISO/CD TR 23245
Security risks, threats and vulnerabilities

NOTE: ISO/TR 23455:2019 [i.4] overview of and interactions between Smart Contracts and DLT systems is
published already.
Figure 1: ISO TC307 - Standards under development
5.2 CEN-CENELEC FGBDLT
CEN-CENELEC: CEN (European Committee for Standardization) and CENELEC (European Committee for
Electrotechnical Standardization) are recognized by the EU and EFTA as European Standardization Organizations
responsible for developing standards at European level. These standards set out specifications and procedures in relation
to a wide range of materials, processes, products and services. The members of CEN-CENELEC are the National
Standardization Bodies and National Electrotechnical Committees of 34 European countries. European Standards and
other standardization deliverables adopted by CEN-CENELEC are accepted and recognized in all these countries. For
Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies the Focus Group in 2019 will identify specific European needs and
release a new version of its technical white paper for the successful implementation of Blockchain and DLT in Europe.
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There are numerous standards under development within CEN-CENELEC and the strategy which is public consider
between their pivotal highlights' Digital transformation, International cooperation like task force with Gulf, India,
Japan, China and Africa; seminars and workshops. Some of the interesting standards under development are: For
Digital Society, CEN/WS 084 Self-Sovereign Identifier for Personal Data Ownership and Usage Control,
CEN/CLC/WS SEP2 Industry Best Practices and Industry Code of Conduct for Licensing of Standard Essential Patents
in the field of 5G and Internet of Things, CLC/TC108X Safety of electronic equipment within the fields of
Audio/Video, Information Technology and Communication Technology, CLC/TC 209 Cable networks for television
signals, sound signals and interactive services. For Mechanical and machinery mainly focus for safety and segments
like entertainment technology and amusement park machinery and structures. For services CEN/TC 445 Digital
Information Interchange in the Insurance Industry, CEN/TC 278 Intelligent transport systems. Recently
CEN-CENELEC has approved liaison with ETSI ISG PDL and a new TC will act as mirror with ISO/TC 307 [i.1].
This Focus Group has decided to continue as a technical committee CEN/CLC JTC19.
5.3 ITU-T FG-DLT
ITU The Focus Group for Distributed ledger technologies (DLT) was established in May 2017 and concluded
August 2019. A parent group is TSAG (Telecommunication Standardization Advisory group) the participation in
FG DLT is open. Deliverables of the FGDLT can be found at [i.5]. The deliverables have been transferred to SG16 and
SG17, which have established new Questions for further study of DLT.
ITU-T
FG DLT
ITU-T FG DFC Digital Currency
Including digital fiat currency
ITU-T SG16 MULTIMEDIA
ITU-T SG17 SECURITY
ITU-T FG DPM
Data Processing and
Management to support IoT
ITU-T SG20
And Smart cities & Communities
IoT, Smart Cities & Communitites

NOTE: There are other Study Groups which are related to DLTs like SG 13 of ITU-T about Future Internet, the
Work Item is Decentralized Network Infrastructure. The interaction with the SG 16 about Multimedia has
launched three new areas of exploration for the ITU-T FG DLT.

Figure 2: Related standards
5.4 IEEE Standards Association
IEEE Standards Association is doing prospection in some areas with some projects for Blockchain and Distributed
ledger with some report and documents that can be found herein https://blockchain.ieee.org/standards.
5.5 ETSI
European Telecommunication Standards Institute: ETSI ISG PDL is the unique Working Group specifically working on
DLT however there are others standards from ETSI that are usefully elements for DLT considerations.
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6 Current activities in research
The research community is actively working on the evolution of PDLs and the list of on-going projects in this area is
exhaustive. Over the Multi-Annual Financial Framework (2014-2020), the EU has allocated an amount of funds (i.e.
€80 billion) for the over-all research and innovation through H2020 programme. Mainly because of the interest of the
research community more than €180 million is allocated to Research & Innovation is linked to blockchain. The H2020 -
a seven-year (2014-2020) programme is the EU's biggest Research and innovation programme ever, which involves
many projects related to PDLs; a list with information on some of these research projects can be found in annex B.
In order to strengthen the European commission strategy on blockchain, there has been additionally a H2020 Call ICT-
54-2020 - Blockchain for the next generation Internet (https://ec.europa.eu/info/funding-
tenders/opportunities/portal/screen/opportunities/topic-details/ict-54-2020) that was opened in July 2019 and closed in
January 2020 where the European Commission is funding research and innovation activities in Blockchain and DLT
with an overall budget of 20 million euros that will be distributed on the following three main topics: Advancing
research on Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies; Fostering trust in internet information exchange and
content with blockchain; and Bringing forward the emergence of collective intelligence on the internet.
Further funding is expected in HE (Horizon Europe) which will take place in the next Multi-Annual Financial
Framework (2021-2028).
7 Activities of professional initiatives and alliances
7.1 Opentimestamps
This is a relevant jointly initiative for a Timestamping Proof Standard, accordingly with their focus to prove that some
data existed prior to some point in time. Opentimestamps defines a set of operations for creating provable timestamps
and later independently verifying them.
The exploration of this open source initiative is bringing to a key attribute for trust on the DLT system which is very
easily compatible for hybrid and permissioned distributed ledger systems, a variety of tools on JAVA, RUST, PYTHON
and JAVASCRIPT, https://opentimestamps.org/.
7.2 W3C
World Wide Web Consortium: W3C (https://www.w3.org/) is a well-known international community where a diverse
of members deploy together Web Standards, between other initiatives within this organization, last version about
Verifiable Credentials Data Model [i.6] is published which is a standardization effort with relevant commonalities for
identity management on distributed ledger technologies. There is also an open repository for technical specifications at
github herein https://github.com/w3c/vc-data-model/issues.
7.3 Alastria
Alastria is a non-profit association that promotes the digital economy. It is a framework for networks based on Public
Permissioned Distributed Ledgers. Public and Private sector and governmental administrative bodies are composing a
whole economic coverage on Distributed Ledger Initiatives which compete and cooperate between their members to
help the harmonization of Standards and regulation with their Use Cases. The Association has presented at UNE a
proposal of "de-facto" standard implemented on Alastria, the new work item was accepted and it is under revision by
UNE CTN 71/SC 307/GT1 for a Decentralized Model of Identity, https://alastria.io/en/.
7.4 Dutch Blockchain Coalition (Private Public Partnership
Netherlands)
The efforts of this Private Public Partnership is to build a reliable blockchain infrastructure in Netherlands, the coalition
contains Banks, supervisory bodies such as Netherlands Authority for Financial Markets and Royal Dutch Association
of Civil-law Notaries, government ministries, legal organizations, knowledge institutions and Academic Institutions.
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At the European level the coalition holds talks with EU and at country level with Belgium, Luxemburg and Germany,
https://dutchblockchaincoalition.org/en.
TM
7.5 Hyperledger Project
Hyperledger is the leader of private permissioned distributed ledger initiatives with Hyperledger Fabric but it is also a
combination with other tools and functionalities which are impacting for interoperability with Permissionless
Distributed Ledgers and Public Permissioned Distributed Ledgers. It is a well-organized charter by Linux Foundation. It
has got a variety of projects available which incubates and promotes for a business blockchain technologies industry, in
Permissioned Distributed Ledgers: Burrow for permissionable smart contracts machine, Fabric with a range of use cases
from finance to supply-chain, Indy for a decentralized identity management, Iroha a consensus with multi-signature
support or Swatooth with a Proof of Elapse Time with the aim of a minimal resource consumption. It is also noted their
libraries like Aries, Quilt or Transact between others and some tools for ledger independent implementation,
https://www.hyperledger.org/.
7.6 EEA
Enterprise Ethereum Alliance: (Enterprise Ethereum Alliance Inc) is a member-driven standards organization whose
charter is developing open, blockchain specifications that facilitate harmonisation and interoperability for business and
consumers worldwide. It is a complete community with key players in the industry cooperating on specifications under
working groups leadership and some of their publications are interesting like Telecommunications Use cases, Real
Estate Use Case Overview and a Token Taxonomy Initiative Flyer.
7.7 SEP: Common denominator with SEP (Standards Essential
Patent) Landscape
https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC104068/jrc104068%20online.pdf [i.8].
A patent that is necessarily practiced by any implementation of a technology standard. The prospect of licensing patents
that are essential to standards on an industry-wide scale is a major incentive for companies to invest in standardization
activities. Most Standard Development Organizations (SDOs) have defined Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) policies
whereby SDO members have to commit to licensing their Standard-Essential Patents (SEPs) on Fair, Reasonable and
Non-Discriminatory (FRAND) terms. SEPs have a higher value and large family size than other patents:
http://ec.europa.eu/growth/content/landscaping-study-standard-essential-patents-europe-0_en [i.9].
7.8 INATBA
The International Association for Trusted Blockchain Applications (https://inatba.org/) was founded in April 2019 and
is organically under coordination and establishment of various Working Groups and liaisons with Standards Developing
Bodies. It is well organized and closely connected in this inception with the European Commission and European
Blockchain Observatory and Forum perspective. It is actively promoting the dialogue with policy makers and public
administrative bodies, and connected the private sector envisioned for the European Blockchain Service Infrastructure.
7.9 Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation
The AIOTI "Alliance on IoT Innovation" (https://aioti.eu/) is an industrial partner of the European Commission. The
alliance is representing the European industry around the Internet of Things. Fostering Research and Innovation from
within its 14 working groups (https://aioti.eu/working-groups/).
The AIOTI working group on Distributed Ledger Technologies is working on mapping current DLT and Blockchain
implementations on IoT, rate the models towards legal compliance (including GDPR), assist existing AIOTI WG's on
the development of sustainable ecosystems across verticals while including startups and SMEs, gather evidences and
market obstacles for DLT as enabling technology on the Digital Single Market and assist to shape research and
innovation policy to foster experimentation, replication and deployments.
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7.10 Industrial Internet Consortium
It is a Global Not-For Profit Partnership of industry, government and Academia, it was founded in March 2014 to bring
the organizations and technologies necessary to accelerate the growth of the industrial internet by identifying
assembling, testing and promoting best practices, https://www.iiconsortium.org/.
7.11 Internet Society (ISoc) IRTF
A Research Group is in formation in the IRTF on the topic of Decentralized Internet Infrastructure (DIN). The
Decentralized Internet Infrastructure Research Group (DINRG) will investigate open research issues in decentralizing
infrastructure services such as trust management, identity management, name resolution, resource/asset ownership
management and resource discovery. The focus of DINRG is on infrastructure services that can benefit from
decentralization or that are difficult to realize in local, potentially connectivity-constrained networks. Other topics of
interest are the investigation of economic drivers and incentives and the development and operation of experimental
platforms. DINRG will operate in a technology- and solution-neutral manner, i.e. while the RG has an interest in
distributed ledger technologies, it is not limited to specific technologies or implementation aspects. More details of the
DIN RG are available: https://trac.ietf.org/trac/iab/wiki/Multi-Stake-Holder-Platform#Ledger.
7.12 OASIS
OASIS (https://www.oasis-open.org/standards) is a non-profit consortium that drives the development, convergence and
adoption of open standards for the global information society. The consortium has more than 2 000 participants
representing over 600 organizations and individual members in more than 65 countries.
Existing OASIS standards projects with e-commerce applications are being applied to define blockchain-based
serialization methods, as alternative representations of their content (such as e-invoices).
7.13 SBS
th
Small Business Standards (https://www.sbs-sme.eu/): was established on 25 October 2013 and it is an international
non-profit association, in line with Regulation 1025/2012 on the European Standardization [i.10] System. Its mission is
representing the interest of 12 million SMEs in the standardization process, raise their-awareness about standardization
and facilitating their uptake of standards, and motivate them to engage in the standardization process. ®
7.14 OGC
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC): announced the creation of a new Domain Working Group for Blockchain and
Distributed Ledger Technologies. In October 2018, OGC published a Discussion Paper
"Geospatial Standardization of Distributed Ledger Technologies" [i.11] with the purpose of improving the
understanding of Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies
(http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/bdltdwg).
7.15 FIG
International Federation of Geomatics (FIG). It is the international organization representing the interests of surveyors
worldwide. It is a federation of the national member associations and covers the whole range of professional fields
within the global surveying, geomatics, geodesy and geo-information community. It wants to keep and even improve,
its role as the premier non-governmental organization that represents the interests of surveyors worldwide. Members are
associations, affiliates, corporate members and academic members. It is structurally organized on Commissions.
FIG Commission 9 on Valuation and Management of Real Estate and FIG Commission 7 on Cadastre and Land
Management are the two groups looking into implications on Blockchain and DLTs, http://www.fig.net/.
ETSI
15 ETSI GR PDL 001 V1.1.1 (2020-03)
TM
7.16 oneM2M
oneM2M, it deploys standards for Machine-to-Machine and the Internet of Things, it is almost 200 members. The
purpose and goal is to develop technical specifications which for a common M2M Service Layer that can be embedded
within various hardware and software, and relied upon to connect the devices in the field with M2M application servers
worldwide, http://www.onem2m.org/.
TM
7.17 OMA
TM
Open Mobile Alliance , it deploys specification and promoting standards in mobile and internet of things technology
development, in particular APIs it is a part of components with DLT's scenarios, and OMA has got an interesting API
Inventory, https://www.openmobilealliance.org/wp/API_Inventory.html.
8 Highlights of PDL solutions and needs
8.1 Regulatory Aspects
There are a number of existing laws that are applicable to DLT like KYC (Know Your Customer) and AMl (Anti-
Money Laundering) requirements, at the same time there are initiatives from countries to include exemptions or benefit
to startups using DLT like Switzerland or the sandbox rule in Swiss banking law. France and Germany proposed to
introduce a uniform regulation of DLT in 2018 at G20 summit but did not convince the G20 for a suitable law. A
number of countries are running recommendations from their central banks and other regulatory authorities which
increase the proliferation of needs for a legal framework with no uncertainty. For pioneering countries which start
DLT-specific legislation. Legislators are more focus on ICOs and STOs and financial regulation. CFT
(Counter-Financing of Terrorism or Combating the financing terrorism) involves investigating, analysing, deterring and
preventing sources of funding activities for political achievement, religious or ideological goals thru violence. For
financial industry there are a number of risks identified mainly for Cryptocurrencies.
On regards on the Node operators and within telecommunication law the instrument called "provider privilege" in
Europe it has been defined as per Directive 2000/31/EC [i.7] in particular with the liability of intermediary service
providers in Section 4, article 12:
"Mere conduit"
1) Where an information society service is provided that consists of the transmission in a communication network
of information provided by a recipient of the service, or the provision of access to a communication network,
Member States shall ensure that the service provider is not liable for the information transmitted, on condition
that the provider:
a) does not initiate the transmission;
b) does not select the receiver of the transmission; and
c) does not select or modify the information contained in the transmission.
Legal liability within permissioned and access restricted DLT systems, to preserve the trust in the immutability, a node
operator should not be forced to delete some part of a DLT system even when it is known to be in conflict with the law.
Conflicts arise for copyrights, trademarks, privacy, antitrust or unfair competition which in public blockchains these are
conflicts indeed. There are some existing laws for instance in Data protection for personal data like GDPR and other
countries It is a recommended practice to deal a PIA, Privacy Impact Assessment to assists organizations in identifying
and minimizing the privacy risks.
In trade and logistic it is relevant the UN/CEFACT which is preparing a White Paper on Blockchain, and UNCITRAL
environment is ideal to conferred multijurisdictional approach.
Government services are increasingly utilizing DLT to provide trust services, e-government initiatives are enhancing
their frameworks, for instance in Europe exists TOOP which is a pilot for interoperability. Anticipation is a relevant
factor a new design with Policy Enforcement Points that are distributed among governed network. These areas can
harmonize better data minimization and use limitation of data.
ETSI
16 ETSI GR PDL 001 V1.1.1 (2020-03)
Regulation on electronic identification a
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