ETSI TS 102 692 V1.1.1 (2009-06)

Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); RF conformance testing of radar level gauging applications in still pipes

DTS/ERM-TGTLPR-0116

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 18-Jun-2009
• Technical Committee: ERM TGTLPR - Tank Level Probing Radar
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 14-Jul-2009
• Completion Date: 19-Jun-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TS 102 692 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
Technical Specification


Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
RF conformance testing of
radar level gauging applications in still pipes

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2 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.1.1 (2009-06)



Reference
DTS/ERM-TGTLPR-0116
Keywords
radio, UWB
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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2009.
All rights reserved.

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3 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 General testing requirements . 9
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 9
4.2 Choice of model for testing . 9
4.2.1 Declarations by the manufacturer . 9
4.2.2 Marking and equipment identification . 9
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design . 9
4.3.1 General . 9
4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results . 10
4.4.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty . 10
4.4.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable uncertainty . 10
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 11
5.1 Normal conditions . 11
5.2 External test power source. 11
5.2.1 Internal test power source . 11
5.3 Normal test conditions . 11
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 11
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 11
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 11
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 11
6 General conditions . 12
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements . 12
6.2 Modes of operation of the transmitter . 12
6.3 Measuring receiver . 12
7 Interpretation of results . 12
7.1 Measurement uncertainty . 12
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 13
8.1 General . 13
8.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 13
8.2.1 Definition . 13
8.2.2 Method of measurement . 14
8.2.3 Limits Frequency range . 15
8.3 Emissions . 15
8.3.1 Definition . 15
8.3.2 UWB emissions . 15
8.3.2.1 Method of measurement . 15
8.3.2.2 Limits . 16
8.3.3 Other Emissions (OE) . 17
8.3.3.1 Definition . 17
8.3.3.2 Method of measurement . 17
8.3.3.3 Limits . 18
ETSI

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4 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
8.4 Mitigation techniques . 18
8.4.1 Shielding effects . 19
8.4.2 Frequency domain mitigation . 19
8.4.3 Thermal Radiation . 19
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 20
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 20
A.1.1 Anechoic Chamber . 20
A.1.2 Anechoic Chamber with a conductive ground plane . 21
A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) . 22
A.1.4 Test antenna . 23
A.1.5 Substitution antenna . 23
A.1.6 Measuring antenna . 24
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 24
A.2.1 Verification of the test site . 24
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT . 24
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT . 24
A.2.4 Range length . 24
A.2.5 Site preparation . 25
A.3 Coupling of signals . 26
A.3.1 General . 26
Annex B (normative): Installation requirements for radar level gauging applications in still
pipes . 27
Annex C (normative): Requirements on a test pipe . 28
C.1 General . 28
C.2 Measurement setup . 29
Annex D (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications . 31
History . 32

ETSI

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5 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and
Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
Introduction
The radar level gauges covered by the present document do not use the time domain UWB short pulses. Instead the
radar level gauges covered by the present document use the frequency domain FMCW and/or SFCW. Thus the emission
bandwidth generated by the FMCW and/or SFCW radars is strictly controlled.
The specified requirements in the present document describe the worst case scenario (i.e. the highest emissions to the
environment) and shall be seen as a feasible test method to prove compliance of radar level gauging applications in still
pipes.
The background and related applications have been described in TR 102 750 [i.2] where the applications have been
considered indoor like systems.
ETSI

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6 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for radar level gauging applications in still pipes using UWB
technology operating in the 9 to 10,6 GHz frequency range.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16-1 (2003): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods - Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] ANSI C63.5 (2006): "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility - Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control - Calibration of Antennas
(9 kHz to 40 GHz)".
[3] Commission Decision 2007/131/EC of 21 February 2007 on allowing the use of the radio
spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonised manner in the
Community.
[4] ISO 4266-1 (2002): "Petroleum and liquid petroleum products -- Measurement of level and
temperature in storage tanks by automatic methods -- Part 1: Measurement of level in atmospheric
tanks".
[5] API MPMS 3.1A and 3.1B: "Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards Chapter 3 - Tank
Gauging, Section 1A - Standard Practice for the Manual Gauging of Petroleum and Petroleum
Products, published on 1 of August 2005 / Tank Gauging Section 1B - Standard Practice for Level
Measurement of Liquid Hydrocarbons in Stationary Tanks by Automatic Tank Gauging, published
on 1 of June 2001".
[6] ITU-R Recommendation P.526-10 (02/07): "Propagation by diffraction".
[7] ETSI TR 100 028 (all parts) (V1.4.1): " Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
ETSI

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7 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
[8] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts) (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ITU-R Recommendation SM.1754: "Measurement techniques of ultra-wideband transmissions".
[i.2] ETSI TR 102 750: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radar
level gauging applications in still pipes".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
dedicated waveguide antenna: device/structure to excite a certain waveguide mode that propagates inside a waveguide
only
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the transmitter to the total time
emissions: signals that leaked or are scattered into the air within the frequency range (that includes harmonics) which
depend on equipment's frequency band of operation
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power transmitted, assuming an isotropic radiator
EUT: radar level gauge with a dedicated waveguide antenna on a dedicated still pipe
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar: radar where the transmitter power is fairly constant but
possibly zero during periods giving a big duty cycle (such as 0,1 to 1)
NOTE: The frequency is modulated in some way giving a very wideband spectrum with a power versus time
variation which is clearly not pulsed.
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
pulsed radar: radar where the transmitter signal has a microwave power consisting of short RF pulses
radiated measurements: measurements that involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
radiation: signals emitted intentionally inside a tank for level measurements
Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave (SFCW) radar: radar where the transmitter sequentially generates a number
of frequencies with a step size
NOTE: At each moment of transmission, a monochromatic wave is emitted. It is distinguished from FMCW that
has the instantaneous frequency band rather than a single frequency wave. The SFCW radar bandwidth is
synthesized by signal processing to achieve required resolution bandwidth.
still pipe: still-well, stilling-well, guide pole: Vertical, perforated pipe built into a tank to reduce measurement errors
arising from liquid turbulence, surface flow or agitation of the liquid
NOTE: Any equipment made of a perforated steel pipe with diameters varying from a few centimetres up to
several decimetres. The perforations enable the liquid to freely flow into and out of the still pipe at all
levels in a tank. Still pipes are the preferred installation point of a Tank Level Probing Radar inserted
inside a floating or open roof tanks.
ETSI

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8 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
cl1 cable loss 1
cl2 cable loss 2
dB deciBel
dBi gain in deciBel relative to an isotropic antenna
dBm deciBel reference to 1 mW
E Electrical field strength
E relative dielectric constant of earth materials
R
E
rms Average electrical field strength measured as root mean square
f frequency
f frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum
c
G Efficient antenna gain of radiating structure
Gain of the measurement LNA
GLNA
Gain of the measurement antenna
GA
G(f) Antenna gain over frequency
f Highest frequency of the frequency band of operation
H
f Lowest frequency of the frequency band of operation
L
k Boltzmann constant
P Power
P power spectral density
e.i.r.p.
P measured spectral power
m
P unwanted power spectral density
wall, e.i.r.p.
R Distance
rms Root mean square
t time
T Temperature
T pulse rise time
P
Z Free space wave impedance
F0
λ wavelength
c velocity of light in a vacuum
δR range resolution
δt time interval between the arrivals of two signals from targets separated in range by δR
D Duty cycle
P Output power of the signal generator measured by power meter
s
Δf Bandwidth
X Minimum radial distance (m) between the EUT and the test antenna
λ Wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
EUT Equipment Under Test
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
IT Information Technology
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
OATS Open Area Test Site
OE Other Emissions
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Remote Management System
SFCW Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave
TLPR Tank Level Probing Radar
ETSI

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9 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
TP Total Power
UWB Ultra WideBand
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 General testing requirements
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
The manufacturer shall submit one or more samples of the equipment as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes (see clause 4), conditions of testing (see clauses 5 and 6), interpretation
of results (see clause 7) and the measurement methods (see clause 8).
The manufacturer shall offer equipment complete with any auxiliary equipment needed for testing.
4.2 Choice of model for testing
One or more samples of the EUT, as described in annex C, shall be tested.
4.2.1 Declarations by the manufacturer
The manufacturer shall submit the necessary information regarding the equipment with respect to all technical
requirements set by the present document.
4.2.2 Marking and equipment identification
The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible and durable.
The marking shall include as a minimum:
• The name of the manufacturer or his trademark.
• The type designation. This is the manufacturer's numeric or alphanumeric code or name that is specific to
particular equipment.
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design
4.3.1 General
The equipment submitted by the manufacturer shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with
good engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
ETSI

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10 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results
The interpretation of the results recorded on the appropriate test report for the measurements described in the present
document shall be as follows:
• the measured value relating to the corresponding limit together with the appropriate mitigation factors as
described in clause 8.4 shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the requirements of the present
document;
• the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test report.
The measurement uncertainty is explained in clause 7. Additionally, the interpretation of the measured results
depending on the measurement uncertainty is described in clauses 4.4.1 and 4.4.2.
For radiated UWB emissions measurements below 9 GHz and above 10,6 GHz it may not be possible to reduce
measurement uncertainty to the levels specified in clause 7, table 2 (due to the very low signal level limits and the
consequent requirement for high levels of amplification across wide bandwidths). In these cases alone it is acceptable to
employ the alternative interpretation procedure specified in clause 4.4.2.
4.4.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum
acceptable uncertainty
The interpretation of the results when comparing measurement values with specification limits shall be as follows:
a) When the measured value does not exceed the limit value the equipment under test meets the requirements of
the present document.
b) When the measured value exceeds the limit value the equipment under test does not meet the requirements of
the present document.
c) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician carrying out the measurement shall be recorded
in the test report.
d) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician may be a maximum value for a range of values
of measurement, or may be the measurement uncertainty for the specific measurement undertaken. The
method used shall be recorded in the test report.
4.4.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable
uncertainty
The interpretation of the results when comparing measurement values with specification limits should be as follows:
a) When the measured value plus the difference between the maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty and
the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician does not exceed the limit value the equipment
under test meets the requirements of the present document.
b) When the measured value plus the difference between the maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty and
the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician exceeds the limit value the equipment under test
does not meet the requirements of the present document.
c) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician carrying out the measurement shall be recorded
in the test report.
d) The measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician may be a maximum value for a range of values
of measurement, or may be the measurement uncertainty for the specific measurement undertaken. The
method used shall be recorded in the test report.
ETSI

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11 ETSI TS 102 692 V1.1.1 (2009-06)
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal conditions
All testing shall be made under normal test conditions.
The test conditions and proce
...