ETSI ETR 056 ed.1 (1993-07)

Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); System description document

DTR/RES-03005

Radijska oprema in sistemi (RES) - Digitalne izboljšane brezvrvične telekomunikacije (DECT) - Dokument (listina) z opisom sistema

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 01-Aug-1993
• Technical Committee: RES 3 - DECT
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 02-Mar-1993
• Completion Date: 02-Aug-1993
• Ref Project: PSIST ETR 056:1998 - Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); System description document

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-avgust-1998
5DGLMVNDRSUHPDLQVLVWHPL5(6'LJLWDOQHL]EROMãDQHEUH]YUYLþQH
WHOHNRPXQLNDFLMH'(&7'RNXPHQWOLVWLQD]RSLVRPVLVWHPD
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); System description document
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETR 056 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.20 Sprejemna in oddajna Receiving and transmitting
oprema equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

ETSI ETR 056
TECHNICAL July 1993
REPORT
Source: ETSI TC-RES Reference: DTR/RES-3005
ICS: 33.060, 33.060.20
DECT, system description
Key words:
Radio Equipment and Systems (RES);
Digital European Cordless Telecommunications (DECT)
System description document
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Postal address:
650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
Office address:
c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - [e-mail]
X.400: Internet:
Tel.: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1993. All rights reserved.
New presentation - see History box

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ETR 056: July 1993
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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ETR 056: July 1993
Contents
Foreword .5
1 Scope .7
2 Definitions and abbreviations .7
2.1 Definitions .9
2.2 Abbreviations .17
Annex A: DECT reference model .18
Annex B: System protocol architecture .34
Annex C: Identities and addressing .65
Annex D: Mobility functions.80
Annex E: Interworking .98
Annex F: Supplementary services.220
Annex G: Bibliography .234
History.235

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ETR 056: July 1993
Foreword
This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) has been produced by the Radio Equipment and Systems (RES)
Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
ETRs are informative documents resulting from ETSI studies which are not appropriate for European
Telecommunication Standard (ETS) or Interim - European Telecommunication Standard (I-ETS) status.
An ETR may be used to publish material which is either of an informative nature, relating to the use or
application of ETSs or I-ETSs, or which is immature and not yet suitable for formal adoption as an ETS or
I-ETS.
This ETR aims to provide an overall description of the Digital European Cordless Telecommunications
(DECT) system in terms of interfacing to other networks.
The Annexes A - F are the chapters of the original document.
NOTE: This version of ETR 056 has been produced in electronic format from the originally
published paper version. In case of discrepancies between this version and the
original, the original approved version (available from the ETSI secretariat) takes
precedence.
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ETR 056: July 1993
1 Scope
This ETR describes DECT from a systems point of view and examines some of the issues associated with
the interworking of DECT with a host network.
This ETR was drafted to provide assistance for those persons who want a better understanding of the
DECT system and its architecture.
Emphasis has been placed on the special features of the DECT system, for example, the identity
structures, the mobility management and supplementary services, along with recommendations for
efficient interworking between DECT and PSTN, ISDN and GSM.
2 Definitions and abbreviations
2.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETR, the following definitions apply.
Antenna diversity: antenna diversity implies that the RFP for each bearer independently can select
different antenna properties such as gain, polarisation, coverage patterns, and other features that may
effect the practical coverage. A typical example is space diversity, provided by two vertically polarized
antennas separated by 10 - 20 cm.
Attach: the process whereby a portable part within the coverage area of a fixed part to which it has
access rights, notifies this fixed part that it is operative. The reverse process is detach, which reports the
portable part as inoperative.
NOTE 1: An operative portable part is assumed to be ready to receive calls.
Authentication (of a subscriber): the process whereby a DECT subscriber is positively verified to be a
legitimate user of a particular fixed part.
NOTE 2: Authentication is generally performed at call setup, but may also be done at any other
time (e.g. during a call).
Bearer: see MAC Bearer or Bearer service.
Bearer Handover: the internal handover process provided by the MAC layer, whereby one MAC
connection can modify its underlying bearers while maintaining the service provided to the DLC layer.
NOTE 3: Bearer handover is slot based.
Bearer Service: a type of telecommunication service that provides a defined capability for the
transmission of signals between user-network interfaces.
NOTE 4: The DECT user-network interface corresponds to the top of the DECT Network layer
(layer 3).
Broadcast: a simplex point-to-multipoint mode of transmission.
NOTE 5: The transmitter may disregard the presence or absence of receivers.
C-plane: the control plane of the DECT protocol stacks, which contains all of the internal DECT protocol
control, but may also include some external user information.
NOTE 6: The C-plane stack always contains protocol entities up to and including the network
layer.
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Call: all of the NWK layer processes involved in one network layer peer-to-peer association.
NOTE 7: Call may sometimes be used to refer to processes of all layers, since lower layer
processes are implicitly required.
Cell: the domain served by a single antenna(e) system (including a leaky feader) of one fixed part.
NOTE 8: A cell may include more than one source of radiated RF energy (i.e. more than one
radio end point).
Central Control Fixed Part (CCFP): a physical grouping that contains the central elements of a fixed
part. A fixed part contains a maximum of one CCFP.
NOTE 9: A CCFP controls one or more RFPs.
Centrex: an implementation of a private telecommunication network exchange that is not located on the
premises of the private network operator. It may be co-located with, or physically a part of a public
exchange.
Channel: see physical channel.
Cluster: a logical grouping of one or more cells between which bearer handover is possible. A Cluster
Control Function (CCF) controls one cluster.
NOTE 10: Internal handover to a cell which is not part of the same cluster can only be done by
connection handover.
Connection: see "MAC connection".
Connection Handover: the internal handover process provided by the DLC layer, whereby one set of
DLC entities (C-plane and U-plane) can reroute data from one MAC connection to a second new MAC
connection, while maintaining the service provided to the network layer.
NOTE 11: Connection handover is DLC frame based.
Connectionless Mode (C/L): a transmission mode that transfers one packet (one self contained unit) of
data from one source point to one (or more) destination points in a single phase.
NOTE 12: Connectionless transmissions require the peer-to-peer associations to be prearranged,
and the transmission is unacknowledged at that layer.
Connection Oriented Mode (C/O): a transmission mode that transfers data from one source point to one
or more destination points using a protocol based on three phases: "Setup", "Data transfer" and
"Release".
NOTE 13: Connection oriented mode requires no prearranged associations between peer entities
(unlike C/L mode).
Coverage Area: the area over which reliable communication can be established and maintained.
DECT NetWork (DNW): a network that uses the DECT air interface to interconnect a local network to one
or more portable applications. The logical boundaries of the DECT network are defined to be at the top of
the DECT network layer.
NOTE 14: A DECT NetWork (DNW) is a logical grouping that contains one or more fixed radio
terminations plus their associated portable radio termination. The boundaries of the
DECT network are not physical boundaries.

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DLC Broadcast: a simplex "connectionless" mode of transmission from the DLC broadcast entity of one
fixed radio termination to the DLC broadcast entities in one or more portable radio terminations.
NOTE 15: The transmitter may disregard the presence or absence of receivers.
DLC Data Link (DLC LINK): an association between two DLC layer entities. This can either be one
C-plane association or one U-plane association.
NOTE 16: This is not the same as a MAC connection.
DLC Frame: the format used to structure all messages that are exchanged between DLC layer peer
entities.
NOTE 17: Different DLC frames are used in the C-plane and the U-plane, and there is more than
one format of DLC frame in each plane.
Double-simplex bearer: the use of two simplex bearers operating in the same direction on two physical
channels. These pairs of channels always use the same RF carrier and always use evenly spaced slots
(i.e. separated by 0,5 TDMA frame).
A double-simplex bearer only exists as part of a multibearer MAC connection.
Down-link: transmission in the direction FT to PT.
Duplex Bearer: the use of two simplex bearers operating in opposite directions on two physical channels.
These pairs of channels always use the same RF carrier and always use evenly spaced slots (i.e.
separated by 0,5 TDMA frame).
End System (ES): a logical grouping that contains application processes and supports telecommunication
services.
NOTE 18: From the OSI point of view, end systems are considered as sources and sinks of
information.
External Handover: the process of switching a call in progress from one fixed radio termination to
another fixed radio termination.
Field: a continuous region of data (i.e. adjacent bits) that jointly convey information. Typically, a message
will contain several fields. If data is not continuous then it is defined as two (or more) fields.
Fixed Part (DECT Fixed Part) (FP): a physical grouping that contains all of the elements in the DECT
network between the local network and the DECT air interface.
NOTE 19: A DECT fixed part contains the logical elements of at least one fixed radio termination,
plus additional implementation specific elements.
Fixed Radio Termination (FT): a logical group of functions that contains all of the DECT processes and
procedures on the fixed side of the DECT air interface.
NOTE 20: A fixed radio termination only includes elements that are defined in ETS 300 175. This
includes radio transmission elements (layer 1) together with a selection of layer 2 and
layer 3 elements.
Flow Control: the mechanism that is used to regulate the flow of data between two peer entities.
Fragment: one of the service data units that is produced by the process of fragmentation.
NOTE 21: This is not the same as a segment.

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Fragmentation: the process of dividing a protocol data unit into more than one service data unit for
delivery to a lower layer. The reverse process is recombination.
NOTE 22: This is not the same as segmentation.
Frame: see TDMA frame or DLC frame.
Full Slot (Slot): one 24th of a TDMA frame which is used to support one physical channel.
Generic: a generalised set or general purpose set, often in the sense of basic or ordinary.
Geographically unique: this term relates to fixed part identities, PARIs and RFPIs. It indicates that two
fixed parts with the same PARI, or respectively two RFPs with the same RFPI, can not be reached or
listened to at the same geographical position.
NOTE 23: PARI stands for Primary Access Rights Identifier, RFPI stands for Radio Fixed Part
Identifier.
Global NetWork (GNW): a telecommunication network capable of offering a long distance
telecommunication service.
NOTE 24: The term does not include legal or regulatory aspects, nor does it indicate if the
network is a public or a private network.
Globally unique identity: the identity is unique within DECT (without geographical or other restrictions).
Guard space: the nominal interval between the end of a radio transmission in a given slot, and the start of
a radio transmission in the next successive slot.
NOTE 25: This interval is included at the end of every slot, in order to prevent adjacent
transmissions from overlapping even when they originate with slightly different timing
references (e.g. from different radio end points).
Half slot: one 48th of a TDMA frame which is used to support one physical channel.
Handover: the process of switching a call in progress from one physical channel to another physical
channel. These processes can be internal (see internal handover) or external (see external handover).
NOTE 26: There are two physical forms of handover, intra-cell handover and inter-cell handover.
Intra-cell handover is always internal, inter-cell handover can be internal or external.
Incoming call: a call received at a portable part.
Inter-cell handover: the switching of a call in progress from one cell to another cell.
Internal handover: handover processes that are completely internal to one fixed radio termination.
Internal handover reconnects the call at the lower layers, while maintaining the call at the NWK layer.
NOTE 27: The lower layer reconnection can either be at the DLC layer (see connection handover)
or at the MAC layer (see bearer handover).
Interoperability: the capability of fixed parts and portable parts, that enable a portable part to obtain
access to teleservices in more than one location area and/or from more than one operator (more than one
service provider).
Interoperator roaming: roaming between fixed part coverage areas of different operators (different
service providers).
InterWorking Unit (IWU): a unit that is used to interconnect subnetworks.
NOTE 28: The IWU should contain the InterWorking Functions (IWF) necessary to support the
required subnetwork interworking.

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Intra-cell handover: the switching of a call in progress from one physical channel of one cell to another
physical channel of the same cell.
Intraoperator roaming: roaming between different fixed part coverage areas of the same operator (same
service provider).
Link: see DLC data link.
Local NetWork (LNW): a telecommunication network capable of offering local telecommunication
services.
NOTE 29: The term does not include legal or regulatory aspects, nor does it indicate if the
network is a public network or a private network.
Locally unique identity: the identity is unique within one FP or location area, depending on application.
Location area: the domain in which a portable part may receive (and/or make) calls as a result of a single
location registration.
Location registration: the process whereby the position of a DECT portable termination is determined to
the level of one location area, and this position is updated in one or more databases.
NOTE 30: These databases are not included within the DECT fixed radio termination.
Logical channel: a generic term for any distinct data path. Logical channels can be considered to operate
between logical end points.
Lower Layer Management Entity (LLME): a management entity that spans a number of lower layers,
and is used to describe all control activities which do not follow the rules of layering.
NOTE 31: The DECT LLME spans the network layer, the DLC layer, the MAC layer and the
physical layer.
MAC Bearer (Bearer): MAC bearers are the service elements that are provided by each Cell Site
Function (CSF). Each MAC bearer corresponds to a single service instance to the physical layer. See also
simplex bearer, duplex bearer and double simplex bearer.
MAC connection (connection): an association between one source MAC multi-bearer control (MBC)
entity and one destination MAC MBC entity. This provides a set of related MAC services (a set of logical
channels), and it can involve one or more underlying MAC bearers.
Multiframe: a repeating sequence of 16 successive TDMA frames, that allows low rate or sporadic
information to be multiplexed (e.g. basic system information or paging).
Network (telecommunication network): all the means of providing telecommunication services between
a number of locations where the services are accessed via equipment attached to the network.
Node: a point at which switching occurs.
Operator (DECT operator): the individual or entity who or which is responsible for operation of one or
more DECT fixed parts.
NOTE 32: The term does not imply any legal or regulatory conditions, nor does it imply any
aspects of ownership.
Outgoing call: a call originating from a portable part.
Paging: the process of broadcasting a message from a DECT fixed part to one or more DECT portable
parts.
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NOTE 33: Different types of paging message are possible. For example, the {Request paging}
message orders the recipient to respond with a call setup attempt.
Paging area: the domain in which the portable part will be paged as a part of incoming call establishment.
NOTE 34: In general, the paging area will be equal to the TPUI domain, since the TPUI is used
for paging.
Phase: one discrete part of a procedure, where the start and end of the part can be clearly identified (e.g.
by the arrival or dispatch of a primitive).
Physical channel (channel): the simplex channel that is created by transmitting in one particular slot on
one particular RF channel in successive TDMA frames. See also simplex bearer.
NOTE 35: One physical channel provides a simplex service. Two physical channels are required
to provide a duplex service.
Portable Application (PA): a logical grouping that contains all the elements that lie beyond the DECT
network boundary on the portable side.
NOTE 36: The functions contained in the portable application may be physically distributed, but
any such distribution is invisible to the DECT network.
Portable HandSet (PHS): a single physical grouping that contains all of the portable elements that are
needed to provide a teleservice to the user.
NOTE 37: PHS is a subset of all possible portable parts. This subset includes all physical
groupings that combine one portable radio termination plus at least one portable
application in a single physical box.
Portable Part (DECT Portable Part) (PP): a physical grouping that contains all elements between the
user and the DECT air interface. portable part is a generic term that may describe one or several physical
pieces.
NOTE 38: A DECT portable part is logically divided into one portable termination plus one or
more portable applications.
Portable radio Termination (PT): a logical group of functions that contains all of the DECT processes
and procedures on the portable side of the DECT air interface.
NOTE 39: A portable radio termination only includes elements that are defined in ETS 300 175.
This includes radio transmission elements (layer 1) together with a selection of layer 2
and layer 3 elements.
Primitive: a distinct (but abstract) data element that is passed between adjacent protocol layers.
NOTE 40: A service primitive contains one SDU.
Private: an attribute indicating that the application of the so qualified term, e.g. a network, an equipment,
a service, is offered to, or is in the interest, of a determined set of users.
NOTE 41: The term does not include any legal or regulatory aspects, nor does it indicate any
aspects of ownership.
Public: an attribute indicating that the application of the so qualified term, e.g. a network, an equipment, a
service, is offered to, or is in the interest of, the general public.
NOTE 42: The term does not include any legal or regulatory aspects, nor does it indicate any
aspects of ownership.
Public Access Profile (PAP): a defined part of ETS 300 175 that ensures interoperability between FPs
and PPs for public access services.

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Public access service: a service that provides access to a public network for the general public.
NOTE 43: The term does not imply any legal or regulatory aspect, nor does it imply any aspects
of ownership.
Radio channel: no defined meaning. See RF channel or physical channel.
Radio End Point (REP): a physical grouping that contains one radio transceiver (transmitter/receiver),
fixed or portable.
NOTE 44: A REP may operate only as a receiver or only as a transmitter.
Radio Fixed Part (RFP): one physical sub-group of a fixed part that contains all the radio end points (one
or more) that are connected to a single system of antennas.
Registration: an ambiguous term, that should always be qualified. See either location registration or
subscription registration.
RF carrier (carrier): the centre frequency occupied by one DECT transmission.
RF channel: the nominal range of frequencies (RF spectrum) allocated to the DECT transmissions of a
single RF carrier.
Roaming: the movement of a portable part from one fixed part coverage area to another fixed part
coverage area, where the capabilities of the fixed parts enable the portable part to make or receive calls in
both areas.
NOTE 45: Roaming requires the relevant FPs and PPs to be interoperable.
Roaming service: a service which can be used in more than one fixed part coverage area.
Segment: one of the pieces of data that is produced by the process of segmentation.
NOTE 46: In general, one segment only represents a portion of a complete message.
Segmentation: the process of partitioning one Service Data Unit (SDU) from a higher layer into more
than one Protocol Data Unit (PDU). The reverse process is assembly.
Service provider (telecommunications service provider): the individual or entity who or which
interfaces to the customer in providing telecommunications service.
NOTE 47: The term does not imply any legal or regulatory conditions, nor does it indicate whether
public service or private service is provided.
NOTE 48: The term service provider is also used with a different meaning in the ISO/OSI layered
model.
Sequencing (Sequence Numbering): the process of adding a sequence number to a set of data packets
so that the packets can be reassembled in the correct order, regardless of the order they are received.
See also segmentation.
Simplex bearer: a simplex bearer is the MAC layer service that is created using one physical channel.
See also duplex bearer and double simplex bearer.
Single Radio Fixed Part (SRFP): a radio fixed part that contains only one REP.
NOTE 49: The SRFP is defined for DECT system analysis. Unless otherwise stated, a SRFP is
assumed to support multiple calls, and is limited only by the capacity of its single radio
end point.
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Subscriber (customer): the natural person or the juristic person who has subscribed to
telecommunication services, and is therefore responsible for payment.
Subscription registration: the infrequent process whereby a subscriber obtains access rights to one or
more fixed parts.
NOTE 50: Subscription registration is usually required before a user can make or receive calls.
Supplementary service: a service that modifies or supplements a basic telecommunication service.
NOTE 51: Three functional groups of supplementary services are defined for DECT:
1) DECT TRANSPARENT supplementary services
- the service elements are unspecified within the DECT standard;
2) DECT STANDARD supplementary services
- the service elements are specified within the DECT standard, by
reference to other standards;
3) DECT SPECIFIC supplementary services
- the service elements are fully specified within the DECT standard.
Switching: the process of interconnecting functional units, transmission channels or telecommunication
circuits for as long as required to convey signals.
TDMA frame: a time-division multiplex of 10 msec duration, containing 24 successive full slots. A TDMA
frame starts with the first bit period of full slot 0 and ends with the last bit period of full slot 23.
Telecommunication: any transmission and/or emission and/or reception of signals representing signs,
writing, images, and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic
systems.
Teleservice: a type of telecommunication service that provides the complete capability, including terminal
equipment functions, for communication between users, according to protocols that are established by
agreement.
TPUI domain: the domain over which every TPUI is (locally) unique.
NOTE 52: In general, the TPUI domain will be equal to the paging area and thereby equal to the
location area.
U-plane: the user plane of the DECT protocol stacks. This plane contains most of the end-to-end
(external) user information and user control.
NOTE 53: The U-plane protocols do not include any internal DECT protocol control, and it may be
null at the Network layer and at the DLC layers for some services.
Up link: transmission in the direction PT to FT.
User (of a telecommunication network): a person or machine delegated by a subscriber (by a
customer) to use the services and/or facilities of a telecommunication network.

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2.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETR the following abbreviations apply.
AC Authentication Code
ACP Adjacent Channel Power. The transmitted power that spills over into an adjacent
RF channel
ACK ACKnowledgement
ADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation
ARC Access Rights Class, shows the type of access to a DECT network, such as
public, residential or private
ARD Access Rights Details, is a unique number within one ARC
ARI Access Rights Identity is, to a service provider, a globally unique identity that
shows the access rights related to that service provider. The ARI consists of an
ARC and an ARD. There are three categories of ARIs:
- PARI (Primary ARI);
- SARI (Secondary ARI);
- TARI (Tertiary ARI).
ARQ Automatic Repeat ReQuest. The process of automatically requesting a
retransmission of data that is received in error
BCD Binary Coded Decimal
BMC Broadcast Message Control. A MAC layer functional grouping
CBC Connectionless Bearer Control. A MAC layer functional grouping
CC Call Control. A NWK layer functional grouping
CCF Cluster Control Function. A MAC layer functional grouping
CCFP Central Control Fixed Part. See definitions
CCITT (The) International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee
CEP Connection End Point. A logical reference point between peers
CEPT Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications
CI Common Interface (standard)
CK Cipher Key
CODEC COder-DECoder
CLMS ConnectionLess Message Service. A NWK layer functional grouping
CMC Connectionless Message Control. A MAC layer functional grouping
COMS Connection Oriented Message Service. A NWK layer functional grouping
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check. A cyclically generated field of parity bits
CSF Cell Site Function. A MAC layer functional grouping
CSPDN Circuit Switched Public Data Network
CX Co-eXistence standard
C-PLANE Control PLANE. See definitions
C/L ConnectionLess mode. See definitions
C/O Connection Orientated mode. See definitions
DAM DECT Authentication Module
DBC Dummy Bearer Control. A MAC layer functional grouping
dBc dB relative to the peak power of an unmodulated carrier
dBm dB relative to 1 milliwatt
DCK Derived Cipher Key
DECT Digital European Cordless Telecommunications
DLC Data Link Control. Layer 2b of the DECT protocol stack
DLEI Data Link Endpoint Identifier (DLC layer)
DLI Data Link identifier (DLC layer)
DNW DECT NetWork. See definitions
DSAA DECT Standard Authentication Algorithm
DSC DECT Standard Cipher
ERP Effective Radiated Power
ES End System
FMID Fixed Part MAC Identity. (MAC layer)
FP Fixed Part. See definitions

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FT Fixed radio Termination. See definitions
GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
GNW Global NetWork. See definitions
HDB Home Data Base
IA5 International Alphabet No.5 (defined by CCITT)
IFEI International Fixed Equipment Identity
IPEI International Portable Equipment Identity
IPUI International Portable User Identity. The IPUI is an identity that uniquely defines
one user within the domain defined by his Access Rights as related to this IPUI.
The IPUI consists of a PUT and a PUN. The IPUI may be locally unique or
globally unique depending on type of PUT
IRC Idle Receiver Control. A MAC layer functional grouping
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
IWF InterWorking Functions
IWU InterWorking Unit. See definitions
K authentication Key
KS PP authentication Session Key
KS' FP authentication Session Key
KSG Key Stream Generator
KSS Key Stream Segment
LAPC a DLC layer C-plane protocol entity
LAN Local Area Network
LBN Logical Bearer Number. (MAC layer)
LCE Link Control Entity. A NWK layer functional grouping
LCN Logical Connection Number. (DLC/MAC layer)
LLME Lower Layer Management Entity. See definitions
LLN Logical Link Number. (DLC layer)
LNW Local NetWork. See definitions
MAC Medium Access Control. Layer 2a of the DECT protocol stack
MBC Multiple Bearer Control. A MAC layer functional grouping
MCEI MAC Connection Endpoint Identification
MM Mobility Management. A NWK layer functional grouping
MUX time MUltipleXor
NWK NetWorK. Layer 3 of the DECT protocol stack
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
PA Portable Application. See definitions
PARI Primary Access Rights Identity. The PARI is the most frequently transmitted
ARI. Every DECT RFP must transmit a PARI
PARK Portable Access Rights Key, states the access rights for a PP
PARK{y} PARK with value y for it's Park length indicator
PBX(PABX) Private Automatic Branch Exchange
PCI Protocol Control Information
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PHL PHysical; Layer 1 of the DECT protocol stack
PHS Portable HandSet. See definitions
PLI Park Length Indicator. The PLI associates a group of FP ARIs to the PARK, by
indicating how many of the first ARC + ARD bits are relevant. The remaining bits
have don't care status. The PLI is programmed into a PP as part of the
subscription process
PMID Portable part MAC IDentity. (MAC layer)
POT(S) Plain Old Telephone (Service). The basic analogue telephony teleservice
PP Portable Part. See definitions
PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PT Portable radio Termination. See definitions
PTN Private Telecommunication Network
PUN Portable User Number. The PUN is a globally or locally unique number within
one PUT
PUT Portable User Type. The PUT shows the numbering plan structure of a PUN
RAND_F a RANDom challenge issued by a FT
RAND_P a RANDom challenge issued by a PT
REP Radio End Point. See definitions
RES1 a RESponse calculated by a PT

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RES2 a RESponse calculated by an FT
RF Radio Frequency
RFP Radio Fixed Part. See definitions
RFPI Radio Fixed Part Identity. Every RFP frequently transmits this identity, that is
geographically unique. The RFPI shows:
- PARI;
- the RFPs local identity within that fixed part;
- domains for handover and location areas.
RPN Radio fixed Part Number
RS A value used to establish authentication session keys
RSSI Radio Signal Strength Indicator. A quantitative measure of the RF signal
strength of one RF channel
SAP Service Access Point. A logical reference point between layers
SARI Secondary Access Rights Identity. The SARI is less frequently broadcast than
the PARI
SCK Static Cipher Key
SDU Service Data Unit
SS Supplementary Services. A NWK layer functional grouping
TARI Tertiary Access Rights Identity. The TARI is not broadcast at all and is only
available as a yes/no answer upon a request that includes the wanted ARI
TBC Traffic Bearer Control. A MAC layer functional grouping
TDD Time Division Duplex
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TI Transaction Identifier. (NWK layer)
TPUI Temporary Portable User Identity
UAK User Authentication Key
UPI User Personal Identification
U-PLANE User PLANE. See definitions
VDB Visitors Data Base
XRES1 an eXpected RESponse calculated by a FT
XRES2 an eXpected RESponse calculated by a PT

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Annex A: DECT reference model
This Annex contains Chapter 3 of the DECT System description document, and consists of pages
numbered 3.1 to 3.17 (i.e. 17 pages).

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Chapter 3
DECT Reference Model
3.0 Version History 3.2
3.1 The Reference Model 3.2
3.2 Logical Groupings 3.3
3.2.1 Global Network 3.3
3.2.2 Local Network 3.3
3.2.3 Databases 3.4
3.2.4 DECT Network 3.4
3.2.5 Fixed Radio Termination 3.4
3.2.6 Portable Radio Termination 3.5
3.2.7 Portable Application 3.5
3.2.8 DECT Interworking 3.5
3.3 Physical Groupings 3.6
3.3.1 DECT Fixed Part 3.6
3.3.2 DECT Portable Part 3.6
3.4 Reference Configurations 3.6
3.4.1 PSTN Reference Configurations 3.7
3.4.1.1 Domestic Telephone 3.7
3.4.1.2PBX 3.7
3.4.1.3 Local Loop 3.8
3.4.2 ISDN Reference Configurations 3.9
3.4.2.1 Terminal Equipment 3.9
3.4.2.2 Network Termination 2 3.11
3.4.2.3 Local Loop 3.12
3.4.3 X.25 Reference Configurations 3.12
3.4.3.1 Data Terminal Equipment 3.12
3.4.3.2 PAD Equipment 3.13
3.4.4 GSM Reference Configurations 3.14
3.4.4.1 Base Station Subsystem 3.14
3.4.4.2 Mobile Station 3.14
3.4.5 IEEE 802 Reference Configurations 3.15
3.4.5.1 Bridge 3.15
3.4.5.2 Gateway 3.15
3.5 Source Documents 3.17
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3.0 Version History
Version 00.00 1990-01-15 First release to RES-3N
Version 01.00 1990-02-26 Second release to RES-3N, first release to RES-3
General Reference Model changed to Reference Model
Target Network Reference Models changed to Target Network Reference Configurations
End/Intermediate System changed to End System
Reference points alpha, beta, gamma and delta changed to D1, D2, D3 and D4
No Interworking Units in Reference Model
Protocol Stacks moved to Protocol Architecture chapter
The Reference Point Matrices removed
Version 02.00 1990-03-22 Third release to RES-3N,
GSM defined as a Extended Services network instead of a Global network
Addition of Open Access Service Reference Model
Version 03.00 1990-04-25 Fourth release to RES-3N
DECT Cordless System renamed DECT Portable Termination
Examples enclosed in Reference Configurations
Cordless S-bus Reference Configuration
X.25 PAD Reference Configuration
LAN Station Reference Configuration changed to a LAN Bridge
Version 04.00 1990-05-03 Second release to RES-3
Open Access Service Reference Model revised
Version 05.00 1990-09-27 Third release to RES-3
Restructuring of contents
New definitions introduced
Open Access Service Reference Model replaced with Telepoint Reference Configurations
Version 05.01 1991-03-11 Fifth release to RES-3N, fourth release to RES-3
Increased explanatory text to and renumbering of the target network reference configurations
X.25 reference configurations slightly changed.
Version 05.02 1991-04-18 Sixth release to RES-3N
Minor editorial changes
Version 06.00 1991-05-28 Fifth release to RES-3
Alignment to chapter 4 and 7 of DECT System Description Document
End System changed to Portable Application
Alignment of the reference points to physical boundaries deleted, and reference configuration
figures changed accordingly
Telepoint reference configuration deleted
Version 06.01 1991-09-25 Seventh release to RES-3N
Adjustment of reference points/interfaces in reference configuration figures 3.6 - 3.16
3.1 The Reference Model
The DECT Reference Model defines the relations and reference points within the DECT Network and with
attached networks. The Reference Model describes these networks in both a logical and a physical
domain.
The logical and physical groupings in the reference model are defined in chapter 2 of the DECT System
Description Document. In this chapter they are further described and exemplified.
Each logical grouping in the DECT Reference Model is divided by reference points, as described in
figure 3.1. Reference point D3 always corresponds to a physical boundary. Reference points D2 and D4
can never align to physical boundaries, they have been defined to clearly indicate the logical boundaries of
the DECT Network. Reference point D1 may correspond to a physical boundary.

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The reference model describes the whole network architecture, in which the DECT Network exists, as a
tree structure. This is to show that each logically higher grouping can communicate with a multiple of
logically lower groupings, and that groupings on the same logical level cannot communicate directly, but
only via a logically higher grouping.
In the reference configurations this multiple relation is not shown. For simplicity reasons only one branch
of the reference model tree is described. In each reference configuration an example of a possible
implementation is included.
G lobal netw ork
D1
D1
HDB
VDB
HDB
VDB
Local network
Local network
D2
D2
D2 D2
Fixed Fixed
Fixed Fixed
R adio Radio
Radio Radio
T erm ination T erm ination
Term ination Term ination
DECT
Network
D3 D3
D3 D3
D3 D3
D3 D3
Portable
Portable Portable
Portable
Portable P ortable Portable Portable
Radio Radio
Radio Radio
R adio Radio
Radio R adio
T erm in. Term in. Term in.
Term in.
Term in. Term in. Term in. Term in.
D4
D4 D4
D4
D4 D4
D4 D4
Portable Portable
Portable Portable
P ortable P ortable Portable Portable
A pplication Application
Application A pplication
Application Application Application A pplication
Figure 3.1 DECT Reference Model; Logical groupings
3.2 Logical Groupings
3.2.1 Global Network
The Global Network (GNW) is a logical grouping that supports a long distance telecommunication service
as well as address translation, routing and relaying between connected Local Networks. It has typically
national or international extent.
The primary target Global Networks are
I) PSTN,
ii) ISDN,
iii) X.25 PSPDN and
iv) GSM PLMN
3.2.2 Local Network
The Local Network (LNW) supports a local telecommunication service. Typically, such a network is local
in extent.
The characteristics of the Local Network may, depending on its actual implementation, vary from eg a
multiplexer to highly sophisticated networks like a PTN (Private Telecommunication Network).
Since the DECT Fixed Radio Termination does not include switching (see 3.2.3) such functions must be
located in the Local Network. It is in this context important to remember that both these groupings are
defined in the logical domain.

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Services supported by the Global Network and the Local Network may differ in range and performance.
The Local Network is responsible for the translation of Global Network identities (eg PSTN and ISDN
numbers) to DECT-specific identities (eg IPUIs and TPUIs).
Two Local Networks are separate if address translation is required to allow communication between them.
The primary target Local Networks are
I) analogue and digital PBXs,
ii) ISPBXs and
iii) IEEE 802 LANs.
3.2.3 Databases
All network mobility functional entities must be external to DECT, either in the Local Network or in the
Global Network. Two logical groupings that are needed in inter-DECT Network mobility are the Home Data
Base (HDB) and the Visitor Data Base (VDB). They are also described in chapter six of the DECT System
Description Document (Mobility Functions).
The Home Data Base is a logical grouping in charge of the management of subscribers. Two kinds of
information is stored there, namely
- subscription information for charging and billing purposes and other subscriber parameters like
service profile etc, and
- location information, which enables the routing of calls from the home Local Network to the visited
Local Network.
The relation between identities of the DECT user or PP is also stored in the HDB. The identity structure
in DECT is described in chapter five of the DECT System Description Document (Identities and
Addressing).
The Visitor Data Base manages visiting subscribers or PPs. When a "visitor" enters a Local Network a
registration- and location updating process may be initiated, which enables the VDB to offer services
according to the visitor's service profile, and the HDB to rout incoming calls to the right Local Network.
Note These definitions are intended for general guidance. Particular applications (eg GSM) may differ in
the partitioning of these functions.
3.2.4 DECT Network
The DECT Network interconnects the Local Network and the Portable Application. It can be considered as
a cordless intervention between these attached networks. It contains by definition no application
processes. One DECT Network has only one network address for each user or equipment.
The DECT Network contains (in the logical domain) one or more Fixed Radio Terminations (FT) and their
associated Portable Radio Terminations (PT).
3.2.5 Fixed Radio Termination
The Fixed Radio Termination (FT) is a logical grouping that contains all functions and procedures on the
fixed side of the DECT air interface, which are defined in the CI specification. FT is responsible for
handling eg
I) layer three protocol handling in the C-(Control) plane, (except mobility),
ii) layer two protocol handling in the U-(User) plane,
iii) layer two routing and relaying within the DECT network

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The Fixed Radio Termination contains no switching functional entities, except those required f
...