ETSI ETR 282 ed.1 (1996-08)
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); Signalling requirements for Video On Demand (VOD) and multimedia interactive services
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); Signalling requirements for Video On Demand (VOD) and multimedia interactive services
DTR/SPS-03042
Širokopasovno digitalno omrežje z integriranimi storitvami (B-ISDN) - Signalizacijske zahteve za video na zahtevo (VOD) in večpredstavnostne interaktivne storitve
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP ETSI/ETR 282 E1:2005
01-april-2005
âLURNRSDVRYQRGLJLWDOQRRPUHåMH]LQWHJULUDQLPLVWRULWYDPL %,6'1
6LJQDOL]DFLMVNH]DKWHYH]DYLGHRQD]DKWHYR 92' LQYHþSUHGVWDYQRVWQH
LQWHUDNWLYQHVWRULWYH
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN); Signalling requirements for
Video On Demand (VOD) and multimedia interactive services
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETR 282 Edition 1
ICS:
33.080 Digitalno omrežje z Integrated Services Digital
integriranimi storitvami Network (ISDN)
(ISDN)
SIST-TP ETSI/ETR 282 E1:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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ETSI ETR 282
TECHNICAL August 1996
REPORT
Source: ETSI TC-SPS Reference: DTR/SPS-03042
ICS: 33.080
Key words: B-ISDN, interaction, multimedia, video
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network (B-ISDN);
Signalling requirements for Video On Demand (VOD)
and multimedia interactive services
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariat@etsi.fr
Tel.: +33 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1996. All rights reserved.
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Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.
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Contents
Foreword .5
1 Scope .7
2 References.7
3 Abbreviations.7
4 VOD and interactive service assumptions .8
4.1 Functional roles and network entities.8
4.2 Mapping to entities as defined by other bodies.9
5 Signalling capabilities .9
5.1 Signalling capabilities identification and relation with the standards.9
5.2 Signalling functionality description .10
5.2.1 Control of switched ATM connections.10
5.2.2 Point-to-point communication configuration .10
5.2.3 Point-to-multipoint communication configuration .11
5.2.4 Deterministic Bit Rate.11
5.2.5 Statistical Bit Rate .11
5.2.6 Available Bit Rate .11
5.2.7 ATM Block Transfer .11
5.2.8 Modification of the connection characteristics during the active phase of
the call .11
5.2.9 Negotiation of the connection characteristics during call establishment.11
5.2.10 User-to-user Signalling.11
5.2.11 IN/B-ISDN integration.12
5.2.12 Multiconnection .12
5.2.13 Third party call control .12
5.2.14 Proxy signalling .13
5.2.15 New identifiers.13
5.2.16 Explicit Call Transfer .13
5.2.17 Explicit Bearer Transfer.13
5.2.18 Support of Connection Oriented Bearer Independent signalling
communication for non-local information exchange (COBI) .14
6 Signalling scenarios .14
6.1 Applicability of signalling capabilities to the VOD and the interactive service.14
6.1.1 Control of switched ATM connections.14
6.1.2 Point-to-point communication configuration .14
6.1.3 Point-to-multipoint communication configuration .14
6.1.4 Connection using symmetric and asymmetric bandwidth .15
6.1.5 Deterministic bit rate.15
6.1.6 Statistical Bit Rate .15
6.1.7 Available bit rate and ATM block transfer.15
6.1.8 Modification of the connection characteristics during the active phase of
the call .16
6.1.9 Negotiation of the connection characteristics during call establishment.16
6.1.10 User-to-user signalling .16
6.1.11 IN/B-ISDN integration.16
6.1.12 Multiconnection .16
6.1.13 Third party control .16
6.1.14 Proxy signalling .16
6.1.15 New identifiers.17
6.1.16 Explicit Call Transfer and Explicit Bearer Transfer.17
6.1.17 Support of Connection Oriented Bearer Independent signalling
communication for non-local information exchange.17
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6.2 Scenarios for the introduction of interactive services on switched ATM networks
(Access Non-switched ATM). 17
6.3 Scenarios for the introduction of interactive services on switched ATM networks
(end-to-end ATM switched). 18
6.3.1 Scenarios for the very short term. 18
6.3.1.1 Scenario A. 18
6.3.1.2 Scenario B. 19
6.3.1.3 Scenario C . 21
6.3.2 Scenarios for the short term . 22
6.3.2.1 Scenario D . 22
6.3.2.2 Scenario E. 23
6.3.3 Scenarios for the medium-long term . 24
6.3.3.1 Scenario F. 24
6.3.3.2 Scenario G . 26
6.3.3.3 Scenario H . 27
7 Analysis of results. 28
Annex A: Bibliography. 29
History. 31
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Foreword
This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) has been produced by the Signalling Protocols and Switching (SPS)
Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
ETRs are informative documents resulting from ETSI studies which are not appropriate for European
Telecommunication Standard (ETS) or Interim European Telecommunication Standard (I-ETS) status.
An ETR may be used to publish material which is either of an informative nature, relating to the use or the
application of ETSs or I-ETSs, or which is immature and not yet suitable for formal adoption as an ETS or
an I-ETS.
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1 Scope
This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) defines the signalling requirements for provisioning of Video On
Demand (VOD) over an ATM switched network taking into account a potential need for further Multi-Media
Interactive (MMI) services. Signalling scenarios are developed showing the applicability of signalling
capabilities from ITU-T and ETSI CS2 step 1 and, as appropriate, from other groups (e.g. ATM Forum).
This ETR is mainly based on network reference configuration as identified by ETSI STC NA5; inputs from
other bodies are also taken into consideration. The use of signalling functionality which are under
specification is also considered, as well as the definition of additional signalling capabilities if required.
2 References
For the purposes of this ETR, the following references apply:
[1] ETR 262 (1996): "Video on Demand (VOD) network aspects".
[2] Draft The ATM Forum (1996): "ATM UNI 4.0 Specification".
3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETR, the following abbreviations apply:
AAL ATM Adaptation Layer
ATC ATM Transfer Capabilities
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
B-ISDN Broadband ISDN
BHLI Broadband Higher Layer Information
CBR Constant Bit Rate
COBI Connection Oriented Bearer Independent
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
CS1 Capability Set 1
CS2 step 1 Capability Set 2 step 1
DAVIC Digital Audio Video Council
DSM-CC Digital Media Storage Command & Control
EII European Information Infrastructure
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
GW1 GateWay level 1
GW2 GateWay level 2
IN Intelligent Network
IP Intelligent Peripherals
LAN Local Area Network
LEX Local Exchange
MBS Maximum Burst Size
MMI Multi-Media Interactive
NNI Network Node Interface
ONP Open Network Provision
PCR Peak Cell Rate
PSA Proxy Server Agent
QoS Quality of Service
S-AAL Signalling ATM Adaptation Layer
SAP Service Access Point
SCF Service Control Function
SCP Service Control Point
SCR Sustainable Cell Rate
SDF Service Data Function
SRF Specialized Resources Function
TCAP Transaction Capabilities
TEX Transit Exchange
UNI User Network Interface
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VBR Variable Bit Rate
VC Virtual Connection
VOD Video On Demand
VP Virtual Path
4 VOD and interactive service assumptions
The following discussion is based on the VOD service, but the roles described, especially for the Broker
and the Service Provider are common to all the interactive services. Referring to the VOD attention is
drawn to the interactive versions of this service, usually named interactive VOD and Quasi Interactive
VOD. This discussion is not fully pertinent to the Near VOD, which is closer to a distributive service.
4.1 Functional roles and network entities
Considering a general functional model for the provision of the VOD (and more generally of the MMI
services) there are four general functional roles which are relevant for the description of the use of the
signalling functionality in the provision of these services:
User: It is the user of the services, potentially every subscriber of the network.
Broker: It is the broker of the service; it re-sells the service giving to the User some added
values, such as a better selection of the Service Provider or of the film. The presence
in the network of few (one?) brokers is foreseen.
Service Provider: It is the entity that supports the real provision of the service. More than one Service
Provider is foreseen in the network.
Content Provider: It is the provider of the video images, it could be a big film house or distributor. More
than one Content Provider is foreseen in the network.
On the basis of the reference architecture for the provision of VOD on ATM switched network a
one-to-one mapping between the first three functional roles previously identified and the network entities
in this network reference architecture can be done:
CPE: It is the equipment located at the User premises and allows the User to access to the
service. It can also allow the share of the local loop, for example between the video
transmission and the normal telephone line.
service gateway: It is the entity which supports the brokering functions; it allows the User to make the
related selection by using mechanisms of navigation between menus, previews,
hypertexts, etc.
program server: It supports the selection of the film by using mechanisms of navigation between
menus, previews, hypertexts, etc.; it contains a Video Server that supports the
interactive control of the video data flow, (forward, rewind, pause, still advance, etc.).
In order to simplify the description of the use of the different signalling capabilities,
the functions of the Program server and of the Service Operation are both allocated
to this entity. Obviously these functions could be allocated to different physical
entities.
The fourth functional role is not explicitly identified by the VOD architecture, because it is not strictly
related with the VOD service provision. In fact the updating of the contents of the Program Server is not
part of the VOD service, but it is considered as a sort a different service related to the provision of the
VOD one.
This role is considered in the rest of this ETR due to its impact in terms of signalling requirements and for
this reason another network entity is considered:
Content Server: It is the entity which supports the functions performed by the Content Provider, for
example to update the content of the Video Servers.
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4.2 Mapping to entities as defined by other bodies
In order to give the opportunity of a better understanding of the content of this ETR a simple mapping
among the entities described in the previous subclause and the elements present in different network
reference architecture for the VOD provisioning is given in this subclause. In particular inputs from DAVIC
and ATM Forum are considered:
- The Customer Premises Equipment comprises the Set Top Unit and it is the Client in the
service provisioning.
- The Service Gateway is similar to the Gateway level 1; it is the sum of the Service Related
Control and the Network Related Connection Control. It may include the function of the so called
"Access Network Controller".
- The Program Server is similar to the combination of the Video Server and the Gateway Level 2.
It is the Server in the service provisioning.
VIDEO SERVER
LEVEL 2
SERVICE
PROGRAM
LEVEL 1
GATEW AY
SERVER
D
C+E
ACCESS
CPE
NETWORK
A
B
ATM SWITCHED
NETWORK
ACCESS
CPE
NETWORK
A
B
VIDEO SERVER
valid only for
SERVICE scenario E
GATEWAY
*
D
LEVEL1
B
CONTENTS SERVER
ACCESS
CONTENTS PROVIDER
CPE
NETWORK
A
NOTE: A, B, C, D, E are reference point as described in ETR 262 [1].
D* indicates that some functions performed at the reference point E may also be required.
Figure 1: Network elements in a scenario for VOD provision
5 Signalling capabilities
5.1 Signalling capabilities identification and relation with the standards
The most important support that the B-ISDN network can give to the interactive services is the control of
switched ATM connection. Furthermore, the availability of other signalling capabilities allows more
flexibility and efficiency in the realization of the services. In the following tables the signalling functionality
which should be useful for this purpose are listed. A short description of each capability follows.
This first table refers to the ITU-T CS2 step 1. Most of these functions are also present in the
specifications of ATM Forum Phase 2.
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Table 1
SIGNALLING FUNCTIONALITY RELEVANT TO THE VOD SERVICE
(CS2 step 1)
B-ISDN CONTROL OF SWITCHED ATM CONNECTIONS
COMMUNICATION CONFIGURATIONS POINT-TO-POINT
uni and bi-directional
POINT-TO-MULTIPOINT
unidirectional
ATM TRANSFER CLASSES DETERMINISTIC BIT RATE
STATISTICAL BIT RATE
ATM BLOCK TRANSFER
AVAILABLE BIT RATE
SIGNALLING CAPABILITIES SYMMETRIC AND ASYMMETRIC BANDWIDTH
MODIFICATION OF THE CONNECTION
CHARACTERISTICS DURING THE ACTIVE
PHASE OF THE CALL
Point-to-point only
NEGOTIATION OF THE CONNECTION
CHARACTERISTICS DURING THE CALL
ESTABLISHMENT
Point-to-point only
USER-TO-USER SIGNALLING
Other signalling functionality which are not included in ITU-T CS2 step 1 are potentially relevant for VOD.
Some of them will be included in the ATM Forum UNI 4.0 [2].
Table 2
OTHER SIGNALLING FUNCTIONALITY RELEVANT TO THE VOD SERVICE
INTEGRATION INTEGRATION WITH IN
SIGNALLING CAPABILITIES MULTICONNECTION
Point-to-point only
THIRD PARTY CALL CONTROL
PROXY SIGNALLING
TRANSPORT OF NEW IDENTIFIERS
EXPLICIT BEARER TRANSFER
EXPLICIT CALL TRANSFER
SUPPORT CONNECTION ORIENTED BEARER
INDEPENDENT SIGNALLING COMMUNICATION
Non-local information exchange
5.2 Signalling functionality description
This subclause contains a short description of signalling functionality mentioned above. For more details
see the correspondent reference in clause 2.
5.2.1 Control of switched ATM connections
The control of switched ATM connection is performed by B-ISDN Signalling protocols on UNI and NNI
interfaces.
5.2.2 Point-to-point communication configuration
A point-to-point communication configuration (unidirectional or bi-directional) uses a point-to-point ATM
Virtual Channel (VC) or Virtual Path (VP) connection between two Users.
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5.2.3 Point-to-multipoint communication configuration
A point-to-multipoint communication configuration (unidirectional), uses a point-to-multipoint ATM virtual
channel (VC) or virtual path (VP).connection between one User (root) which is the source of the
information flow and one or more other Users (leaves) which are the receiver. The communication is
supported only as unidirectional flow from the root to the leaves.
5.2.4 Deterministic Bit Rate
This ATC allows the User to ask for the reservation of network resources based on peak cell rate and the
cell delay variation tolerance. It implies that the User can transmit at the declared rate at every time.
This class should be used for isochronous services.
5.2.5 Statistical Bit Rate
This ATC allows the User to ask for the reservation of network resources based on the peak cell rate, cell
delay variation tolerance, sustainable cell rate, maximum burst size, etc. It implies that the allocation of the
bandwidth is based on these parameters and could allow a better use of the ATM network resources.
This class should be used for services characterized by a variable bit rate.
5.2.6 Available Bit Rate
This ATC allows the User to use the maximum of resources that the network can give at each time,
adapting its transmission rate to the indications of the network. This ATC foresees the indication from the
User of the maximum transmission rate (peak cell rate) and of the minimum transmission rate (minimum
cell rate). Depending on the status of the network the User can use any cell rate between these
two values.
5.2.7 ATM Block Transfer
-10)
The Block Transfer Capability is used to deliver blocks with a low cell loss ratio (typically 10 . A block is
defined as a group of cells delineated by two Resource Management (RM) cells. This transport class
allows the user to use the maximum of resources that the network can give at each time, adapting its
transmission rate to the indications of the network. The connection characteristics are negotiated for each
block of cells to be transmitted. For each block the network will allocate the resources to obtain a quality of
service equivalent to one of a DBR connection with a bandwidth value equal to the one negotiated for the
block (Peak Renegociation Rate).
5.2.8 Modification of the connection characteristics during the active phase of the call
The bandwidth of a point-to-point connection can be modified during the active phase of the connection
itself. It permits to adapt the characteristics of the connection to the needs that could rise during the
lifetime of the call.
5.2.9 Negotiation of the connection characteristics during call establishment
The bandwidth and the QoS of a point-to-point connection can be negotiated during the establishment
phase of the call. It permits to meet the characteristics of the terminal and the applications.
5.2.10 User-to-user Signalling
This capability gives to the User application a mechanism for the exchange of short messages, which are
transported end-to-end by way of the signalling network. The use of this capability, which is in principle
very powerful, shall be very carefully evaluated, in order to avoid the risk of overloading the signalling
network. Depending on the characteristics of the information to be exchanged the use of user-to-user
bearer service or supplementary service could be foreseen.
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5.2.11 IN/B-ISDN integration
The integration between IN and the signalling B-ISDN network gives great flexibility in the provision of
multimedia interactive services. New aspects and new feature are allowed to IN while collaborating with
B-ISDN and its new advanced services.
The following non-exhaustive list gives some possible uses of IN feature in the context of the provision of
MMI services:
- the Navigation function of the Service gateway could be provided by means of the pear SCF-SRF
into an Intelligent Peripheral;
- using SDF and SCF IN functions the access to the service could be provided for the following
feature: validations, User profiles, 800 like numbers, efficient selection of the Service Provider and
of the Program Server, etc.;
- considering IN CS3, direct communication is allowed between User equipment and SCF, it allows
the SCF to act directly as Service Gateway and to request the network to provide the right network
resources.
5.2.12 Multiconnection
Multiple connections can be established inside a single point-to-point communication.
5.2.13 Third party call control
Third party control is a signalling capability which allows a generic User A to set up a connection between
two other Users B and C. This capability is currently under discussion in both ITU-T and ATM Forum.
Depending on the future discussion the party A could only set up the call/connection between the other
two Users (Third Party Call Setup or B-ISDN equivalent capability) or fully control it during all the lifetime of
the call (Third Party Call Control).
NOTE: Third Party Call Setup is a signalling capability under definition in the ATM Forum.
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5.2.14 Proxy signalling
The proxy signalling permits to connect to a switched network terminal which do not implement B-ISDN
(or equivalent) signalling facilities. The set up, the modification and the release of the calls related to these
terminals are performed by a Proxy Signalling Agent which is an entity connected to the same exchange
of the served Users.
Figure 2 describes this capability.
Network Interfaces
Proxy Signalling
Agent
UNI Interfaces
User plane only
Terminal
Terminal Terminal
Figure 2: Proxy Signalling
The switch knows that the signalling functions for some of its terminals are performed by the PSA.
For every call from or to one of these terminals the control flow is exchanged between the switch and the
PSA. The User data flow follows the normal path to the User terminal. How the communication between
the terminal and the PSA takes place is outside of the scope of this capability.
5.2.15 New identifiers
Some end-to-end identifiers could be transported by the signalling messages to meet the needs of the
new interactive services (details are for further study). Whether some of these identifier have to be
interpreted or not by the network has to be decided.
5.2.16 Explicit Call Transfer
The Explicit Call Transfer is a capability that transfers an active call and any associated bearer connection
to the addressed party contained in the action request to network by the requesting party. The requesting
party is no longer associated with that. Call and connection characteristics, including the ownership status,
are transferred to the addressed party.
5.2.17 Explicit Bearer Transfer
The Explicit Bearer Transfer is a capability that transfers one or more bearer connection to the addressed
party contained in the action request to network by the requesting party. The requesting party remains
associated to the call. Connection characteristics, including the ownership status, are transferred to the
addressed party.
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5.2.18 Support of Connection Oriented Bearer Independent signalling communication for
non-local information exchange (COBI)
A COBI communication is a signalling communication that is not associated to the presence of a
call/connection signalling relation. The capabilities contained in CS2 step 1 are able to support this type of
communication on both UNI and the NNI side, but the mechanism on the UNI side is only able to support
a local information exchange.
NOTE: The involved protocols are the Transaction CAPability (TCAP) at the NNI and the
Generic Functional Protocol part 1 on the UNI (Q2932.1). The support of non-local
information exchange is foreseen in the part 2 of the specification (Q2932.2).
6 Signalling scenarios
This clause explains the use of the Signalling functionality in the provision of MMI services describing their
use in the VOD case.
Subclause 6.1 describes the possible use of these signalling functionality. Subclause 6.2 describes a
scenario for the case of the provision of VOD on a hybrid network: Access Network not based on switched
ATM and core network based on switched ATM. Subclause 6.3 describes some scenarios for the case of
provision on a network based on end-to-end switched ATM.
6.1 Applicability of signalling capabilities to the VOD and the interactive service.
This subclause describes some possible applications of the signalling functionality identified in the
previous chapter for the VOD service. The following consideration could easily be generalized to a generic
multimedia interactive service.
6.1.1 Control of switched ATM connections
It is the most important feature, since it allows broadband connections to support the transport of video
data. The film could be stored as ATM cells directly in the Video Servers.
6.1.2 Point-to-point communication configuration
The basic B-ISDN call is relevant for the provision of the VOD service, because the communications are
essentially related to a pair of functional
...
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