ETSI TR 103 626 V1.1.1 (2020-02)

Autonomic network engineering for the self-managing Future Internet (AFI); An Instantiation and Implementation of the Generic Autonomic Network Architecture (GANA) Model onto Heterogeneous Wireless Access Technologies using Cognitive Algorithms

DTR/INT-001-AFI-0027

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Feb-2020
• Technical Committee: INT AFI - Evolution of Management towards Autonomic Future Internet
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 03-Mar-2020
• Completion Date: 17-Feb-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 626 V1.1.1 (2020-02)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Autonomic network engineering
for the self-managing Future Internet (AFI);
An Instantiation and Implementation of the
Generic Autonomic Network Architecture (GANA)
Model onto Heterogeneous Wireless Access Technologies
using Cognitive Algorithms

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2 ETSI TR 103 626 V1.1.1 (2020-02)



Reference
DTR/INT-001-AFI-0027
Keywords
autonomic networking, cognition, cognitive,
control, radio, self-management

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3 ETSI TR 103 626 V1.1.1 (2020-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Principles for Autonomic Networking and Enablers . 13
4.1 Overview on Autonomics Principles and Enablers, and introduction to the emerging concept of
"Network compartmentation" . 13
4.2 Function atomization . 14
4.3 Function composition . 14
4.4 Closed control loop (s) . 14
4.5 Context recognition and adaptation . 15
4.6 Introduction to the GANA Reference Model for Autonomic Networking, Cognitive Networking and
Self-Management . 15
4.6.1 Overview . 15
4.6.2 Examples of Autonomic Management & Control (AMC) domains . 17
5 WiSHFUL Architecture . 18
5.1 Overview . 18
5.1.1 General overview of the WiSHFUL Concepts . 18
5.1.2 How Control Programs in the WiSHFUL Architecture are the means to realize (implement) specific
GANA Decision Elements (DEs) . 20
5.2 WiSHFUL platforms and abstractions . 20
5.3 Adaptation Modules . 22
5.4 Unified Program Interface . 22
5.4.1 Overview on WiSHFUL Unified Program Interfaces (UPIs) . 22
5.4.2 UPI_M . 23
5.4.3 UPI_N . 23
5.4.4 UPI_R . 23
5.5 WiSHFUL Control Framework . 24
5.5.1 Control Concepts and programmability enablers implemented in the environments that were
considered by WiSHFUL . 24
5.5.2 Interaction models . 25
5.5.3 Immediate and delayed commands . 25
5.5.4 Local and remote execution . 25
5.5.5 Synchronization . 25
5.5.6 Packet monitoring and manipulation . 26
5.5.7 Node handling . 26
5.5.8 Extensibility of UPI functions . 26
5.6 Hierarchical Control Model . 26
5.7 Monitor and configuration engines and services . 28
5.8 Execution engines, radio and control programs . 28
5.8.1 Overview . 28
5.8.2 WMP . 28
5.8.3 TAISC . 29
5.9 Intelligence framework (data collection, intelligence composition, action) . 29
6 Impact of Virtualization and Hardware Acceleration Techniques, and Radio Access Network
Slicing (RAN Slices), to WiSHFUL Concepts and Principles . 30
ETSI

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4 ETSI TR 103 626 V1.1.1 (2020-02)
7 Instantiation of GANA Functional Blocks by Mapping WiSHFUL architecture components to
GANA Concepts and Architectural Principles . 33
7.1 General Mapping of WiSHFUL Architectural Concepts and Principles to GANA Concepts and
Principles . 33
7.2 Autonomic networks and General GANA integration with SDN, NFV, Big Data Analytics Applications,
OSS/BSS Systems, Orchestrators, and Other Management and Control Systems . 35
7.3 WiSHFUL Node-level programmability and Mapping to GANA Node-Level and Lower Levels

Autonomics . 37
7.4 WiSHFUL Network-level programmability and the Mapping to GANA Network Level (Knowledge
Plane (KP) Level) Autonomics . 39
7.5 Parameter and Functionality Mappings for DE-to-ME Associations that enable DE implementers to
implement DEs . 42
7.6 Instantiation of the GANA Knowledge Plane (KP) in the WiSHFUL Intelligence Framework . 43
7.7 Instantiation (Implementation) of GANA Reference Points in the WiSHFUL Architecture
Implementation . 44
8 Additional Resourceful Information that should be considered by Implementers of GANA DEs . 52
9 Conclusions and Further Work . 53
History . 54


ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 103 626 V1.1.1 (2020-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
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ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Core Network and Interoperability
Testing (INT).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

ETSI

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6 ETSI TR 103 626 V1.1.1 (2020-02)
1 Scope
The present document provides a mapping of architectural components for autonomic network management & control
developed/implemented in the European Commission (EC) funded WiSHFUL Project to the ETSI TC INT AFI Generic
Autonomic Networking Architecture (GANA) model - an architectural reference model for autonomic networking,
cognitive networking and self-management. The mapping pertains to architectural components for autonomic decision-
making and associated control-loops in wireless network architectures and their associated management and control
architectures.
The objective is to illustrate how the GANA can be implemented using the components developed in the WiSHFUL
and ORCA Projects. To show the extent to which the WiSHFUL architecture augmented with some virtualization and
hardware acceleration techniques, developed in the ORCA project, implements the GANA model, in order to guide the
industry (implementers of autonomics components for autonomic networks and their associated autonomic management
& control architectures) on how to leverage this work in their efforts on GANA implementations.
The mapping of the components to the GANA model concepts serves to illustrate how to implement the key abstraction
levels for autonomics (self-management functionality) in the GANA model for the targeted wireless networks context,
taking into consideration the work done in ETSI TR 103 495 [i.7].
The other objective is to also illustrate the value of joint autonomic management and control of heterogeneous wireless
access technologies in such a GANA implementation context, with illustration on where Cognitive algorithms for
autonomics (such as Machine Learning and other AI algorithms) can be applied in joint autonomic management &
control of heterogeneous wireless access networks.
The present document answers the question of how to implement the ETSI GANA model using WiSHFUL architecture
and ORCA concepts.
NOTE: Trademarks in the present document that are associated with the environments considered by WiSHFUL
and ORCA projects in their implementation and prototyping of components are only mentioned as
Citation of the environments on which components were implemented by the the two projects. The
purpose of the present document is to illustrate to the industry how such WiSHFUL and ORCA
components can be used to implement the ETSI GANA components in such environments considered by
the projects, while making it clear that other environments not considered by the two projects can also be
considered by the industry in implementing GANA components, as the present document does not serve
to endorse or limit environments in which the GANA components can be implemented.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Joao F. Santos, Jonathan van de Belt, Wei Liu, Vincent Kotzsch, Gerhard Fettweis, Ivan Seskar,
Sofie Pollin, Ingrid Moerman, Luiz A. DaSilva and Johann Marquez-Barja: "Orchestrating next-
generation services through end-to-end network slicing", ORCA white paper.
NOTE: Available at https://orca-project.eu/wp-
content/uploads/sites/4/2018/10/orchestrating_e2e_network_slices_Final.pdf.
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[i.2] ORCA Deliverable 4.3: "Enhanced operational SDR platforms with end-to-end capabilities".
NOTE: Available at https://orca-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2019/02/ORCA_D4.3_final.pdf.
[i.3] WiSHFUL Project Deliverable D3.2: "First operational radio control software platform".
[i.4] WiSHFUL Project Deliverable D3.4: "Second operational radio control software platform".
[i.5] WiSHFUL Project Deliverable D4.2: "First operational network control software platform".
[i.6] WiSHFUL Project Deliverable D4.4: "Second operational network control software platform".
[i.7] ETSI TR 103 495: "Network Technologies (NTECH); Autonomic network engineering for the
self-managing Future Internet (AFI); Autonomicity and Self-Management in Wireless
Ad-hoc/Mesh Networks: Autonomicity-enabled Ad-hoc and Mesh Network Architectures".
[i.8] Tayeb Ben Meriem, Ranganai Chaparadza, Benoît Radier, Said Soulhi, José-Antonio Lozano-
López, Arun Prakash, ETSI White Paper No. 16: "GANA - Generic Autonomic Networking
Architecture - Reference Model for Autonomic Networking, Cognitive Networking and Self-
Management of Networks and Services", First edition, October 2016
ISBN No. 979-10-92620-10-8.
[i.9] ETSI TS 103 195-2 (V1.1.1) (2018-05): "Autonomic network engineering for the self-managing
Future Internet (AFI); Generic Autonomic Network Architecture; Part 2: An Architectural
Reference Model for Autonomic Networking, Cognitive Networking and Self-Management".
[i.10] ETSI TR 103 473 (V1.1.2) (2018-12): "Evolution of management towards Autonomic Future
Internet (AFI); Autonomicity and Self-Management in the Broadband Forum (BBF)
Architectures".
[i.11] ETSI TR 103 404: "Network Technologies (NTECH); Autonomic network engineering for the
self-managing Future Internet (AFI); Autonomicity and Self-Management in the Backhaul and
Core network parts of the 3GPP Architecture".
[i.12] IEEE 802.11™-2016: "IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific
requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications".
[i.13] IEEE 802.15.4™: "IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks".
[i.14] White Paper No.2 of the ETSI 5G: "PoC: ONAP Mappings to the ETSI GANA Model; Using
ONAP Components to Implement GANA Knowledge Planes and Advancing ONAP for
Implementing ETSI GANA Standard's Requirements and C-SON: ONAP Architecture".
NOTE Available at https://intwiki.etsi.org/index.php?title=Accepted_PoC_proposals.
[i.15] ETSI GS AFI 002: "Autonomic network engineering for the self-managing Future Internet (AFI);
Generic Autonomic Network Architecture (An architectural Reference Model for Autonomic
Networking, Cognitive Networking and Self-Management)".
[i.16] ETSI INT PoC: "5G Network Slices Creation, Autonomic Management & E2E Orchestration, with
Closed-Loop (Autonomic) Service Assurance for the Slices: IoT (Smart Insurance) Use Case".
NOTE Available at https://intwiki.etsi.org/index.php?title=Accepted_PoC_proposals.
[i.17] Advanced Python Scheduler.
NOTE Available at http://apscheduler.readthedocs.io/en/latest/.
[i.18] ETSI TS 103 194: "Network Technologies (NTECH); Autonomic network engineering for the
self-managing Future Internet (AFI); Scenarios, Use Cases and Requirements for Autonomic/Self-
Managing Future Internet".
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[i.19] WiSHFUL UPI reference specification for management (M), Network (N), Radio (R) interfaces as
well as network helpers.
NOTE Available at https://wishful-project.github.io/wishful_upis/index.html.
[i.20] Report on Specifications of Integration APIs for the ETSI GANA Knowledge Plane Platform with
Other Types of Management & Control Systems, and with Info/Data/Event Sources in general.
NOTE Available at https://intwiki.etsi.org/index.php?title=Accepted_PoC_proposals.
[i.21] Dunkels A., Gronvall B., Voigt T.: "Contiki a Lightweight and Flexible Operating System for Tiny
th
Networked Sensors". In Proceedings of the 9 Annual IEEE™ International Conference on Local
Computer Networks, Washington, DC, USA, October 2004; pp. 455-462.
[i.22] E. Blossom. Gnu software radio.
NOTE Available at http://gnuradio.org.
[i.23] Ruckebusch P., De Poorter E., Fortuna C., and Moerman I. (2016): "GITAR: Generic extension
for Internet-of-Things ARchitectures enabling dynamic updates of network and application
modules". Ad Hoc Networks, Volume 36, Part 1, January 2016, Pages 127-151.
[i.24] WiSHFUL Project Deliverable D2.1: "High level requirements for testbeds and software
platforms".
[i.25] WiSHFUL Project Deliverable D2.2: "Specification of first showcases".
[i.26] WiSHFUL UPI definition.
NOTE: Available at https://wishful-project.github.io/wishful_upis/wishful_upis.html.
[i.27] ZeroMQ Realtime Exchange Protocol.
NOTE Available at http://rfc.zeromq.org/spec:36.
[i.28] ORCA (Orchestration and Reconfiguration Control Architecture) project website.
NOTE Available at https://www.orca-project.eu.
[i.29] Tarik Kazaz, Wei Liu, Xianjun Jiao, Ingrid Moerman, Francisco Paisana, Clemens Felber, Vincent
Kotzsch, Ivan Seskar, Tom Vermeulen, Sofie Pollin, Martin Danneberg and Roberto Bomfin:
"Orchestration and Reconfiguration Control", EUCNC June 2017. Oulu, Finland.
[i.30] ORCA Deliverable 2.1: "Technical requirements of the ORCA test facility".
NOTE Available at https://orca-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2017/01/ORCA_D2.2_Final_v1.1.pdf.
[i.31] Wei Liu, Joao F. Santos, Jonathan van de Belt, Xianjun Jiao, Ingrid Moerman, Johann Marquez-
Barja, Luiz DaSilva and Sofie Pollin: "Enabling Virtual Radio Functions on Software Defined
Radio for Future Wireless Networks", to appear in Wireless Personal Communications.
[i.32] R. Chaparadza, et al.: "SDN Enablers in the ETSI AFI GANA Reference Model for Autonomic
Management & Control (emerging standard), and Virtualisation Impact". In the proceedings of the
th
5 IEEE™ MENS Workshop at IEEE Globecom 2013, December, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
[i.33] White Paper No.4 of the ETSI 5G PoC: "ETSI GANA as Multi-Layer Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Framework for Implementing AI Models for Autonomic Management & Control (AMC) of
Networks and Services; and Intent-Based Networking (IBN) via GANA Knowledge Planes".
NOTE Available at https://intwiki.etsi.org/index.php?title=Accepted_PoC_proposals.
[i.34] White Paper No.1: "C-SON Evolution for 5G, Hybrid SON Mappings to the ETSI GANA Model,
and achieving E2E Autonomic (Closed-Loop) Service Assurance for 5G Network Slices by Cross-
Domain Federated GANA Knowledge Planes".
NOTE Available at https://intwiki.etsi.org/images/ETSI_GANA_in_5G_PoC_White_Paper_No_1_v1.28.pdf.
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[i.35] White Paper No.3: "Programmable Traffic Monitoring Fabrics that enable On-Demand Monitoring
and Feeding of Knowledge into the ETSI GANA Knowledge Plane for Autonomic Service
Assurance of 5G Network Slices; and Orchestrated Service Monitoring in NFV/Clouds".
NOTE Available at https://intwiki.etsi.org/images/ETSI_5G_PoC_White_Paper_No_3_2019_v1.19.pdf.
[i.36] White Paper No.5: "Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Test Systems, Testing AI Models and the ETSI
GANA Model's Cognitive Decision Elements (DEs) via a Generic Test Framework for Testing
ETSI GANA Multi-Layer Autonomics & their AI Algorithms for Closed-Loop Network
Automation".
NOTE Available at https://intwiki.etsi.org/index.php?title=Accepted_PoC_proposals.
[i.37] White Paper No.6: "Generic Framework for Multi-Domain Federated ETSI GANA Knowledge
Planes (KPs) for End-to-End Autonomic (Closed-Loop) Security Management & Control for 5G
Slices, Networks/Services".
NOTE Available at https://intwiki.etsi.org/index.php?title=Accepted_PoC_proposals.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
Autonomic Behaviour (AB): process which understands how desired Managed Entity (ME) behaviours are learned,
influenced or changed, and how, in turn, these affect other elements, groups and networks [i.18]
NOTE: In the GANA model, an autonomic behaviour is any behaviour of a DE that is observable on its
interfaces. A GANA DE is also called an Autonomic Function (AF).
autonomic networking: networking paradigm that enables network devices or elements (physical or virtual) and the
overall network architecture and its management and control architecture to exhibit the so-called self-managing
properties, namely:
• Auto-discovery of information and entities
• Self-configuration (auto-configuration), Self-diagnosing, Self-repair (Self-healing)
• Self-optimization, and other self-* properties
NOTE 1: Autonomic Networking can also be interpreted as a discipline involving the design of systems (e.g.
network nodes) that are self-managing at the individual system levels and together as a larger system that
forms a communication network of systems.
NOTE 2: The term "autonomic" comes from the autonomic nervous system (a closed control loop structure), which
controls many organs and muscles in the human body. Usually, humans are unaware of its workings
because it functions in an involuntary, reflexive manner - for example, humans do not notice when their
heart beats faster or their blood vessels change size in response to temperature, posture, food intake,
stressful experiences and other changes to which human are exposed. And their autonomic nervous
system is always working [i.18].
Decision Making Element (DME): functional entity designed and assigned to autonomically manage and control its
assigned Managed Entities (MEs) by dynamically (re)-configuring the MEs and their configurable and controllable
parameters in a closed-control loop fashion
NOTE 1: Decision Making Elements (DMEs) [i.19] referred in short as Decision Elements (DEs) fulfil the role of
Autonomic Manager Elements.
NOTE 2: In GANA a DE is assigned (by design) to very specific MEs that it is designed to autonomically manage
and control (ETSI GS AFI 002 [i.15] provides more details on the notion of ownership of MEs by
specific DEs required in a network element architecture and the overall network architecture).
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10 ETSI TR 103 626 V1.1.1 (2020-02)
Managed Entities (MEs): physical or logical resource that can be managed by an Autonomic Manager Element (i.e. a
Decision Element) in terms of its orchestration, configuration and re-configuration through parameter settings [i.18]
NOTE: MEs and their associated configurable parameters are assigned to be ma
...