ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)

Smart Body Area Network (SmartBAN); Applying SmartBAN MAC (ETSI TS 103 325) for various use-cases

DTR/SmartBAN-0014

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: SmartBAN - Smart Body Area Network
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 18-Nov-2020
• Completion Date: 22-Oct-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Smart Body Area Network (SmartBAN);
Applying SmartBAN MAC (ETSI TS 103 325)
for various use-cases

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2 ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)



Reference
DTR/SmartBAN-0014
Keywords
MAC
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3 ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 5
3.1 Terms . 5
3.2 Symbols . 6
3.3 Abbreviations . 6
4 Introduction and background . 7
5 Overview of SmartBAN PHY-MAC . 7
5.0 Introduction . 7
5.1 PHY-MAC structure. 8
5.2 System parameters . 9
6 SmartBAN use-cases . 10
6.0 Introduction . 10
6.1 Health monitoring use-cases. 11
6.1.0 Introduction. 11
6.1.1 Safety and fall monitoring . 11
6.1.2 Stress monitoring . 11
6.1.3 Sleep monitoring . 12
6.1.4 Blood pressure fluctuation monitoring . 12
6.1.5 Abnormal cardiac rhythm monitoring. 12
6.1.6 Apnea monitoring . 13
6.1.7 Musculoskeletal disorder monitoring. 13
6.1.8 Neuromuscular disorder monitoring . 13
6.2 Non-medical use-cases . 14
6.2.0 Rescue and emergency personnel monitoring. 14
6.2.1 Rescue and emergency personnel monitoring. 14
6.2.2 Precise athlete monitoring . 14
6.2.3 Entertainment . 15
6.2.4 Emotion detection . 15
7 Simulation setup . 15
7.0 Introduction . 15
7.1 System model for PHY-MAC evaluation . 15
7.2 Channel and radio link model. 16
7.3 Example use-cases (low, medium and high data rate applications). 17
7.4 RF and PHY-MAC parameters . 18
8 PHY-MAC evaluation . 19
8.0 Introduction . 19
8.1 KPIs for evaluation . 19
8.2 Low data rate use-case . 20
8.3 Medium Data Rate use-case . 22
8.4 High Data Rate use-case . 24
8.5 Discussion . 26
Annex A: Pseudocode for PHY-MAC Evaluation. 28
History . 30

ETSI

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4 ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Smart Body Area Network (SmartBAN).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
1 Scope
The present document is focussed on the exploitation of the reference SmartBAN MAC for various use-cases, which
includes:
i) the provision of detailed requirements of the use-cases; and
ii) corresponding execution with various SmartBAN PHY-MAC parameters.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 103 394 (V1.1.1) (01-2018): "Smart Body Area Networks (SmartBAN); System
Description".
[i.2] ETSI TS 103 325 (V1.1.1) (04-2015): "Smart Body Area Network (SmartBAN); Low Complexity
Medium Access Control (MAC) for SmartBAN".
[i.3] ETSI TS 103 326 (V1.1.1) (04-2015): "Smart Body Area Network (SmartBAN); Enhanced
Ultra-Low Power Physical Layer".
[i.4] IEEE Std. 802.15.6™-2012: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 15.6:
Wireless Body Area Networks".
[i.5] M. M. Alam, E. B. Hamida, D. B. Arbia, M. Maman, F. Mani, B. Denis, R. D"Errico (2016):
"Realistic Simulation for Body Area and Body-To-Body Networks", Sensors.
[i.6] R. Khan, M. M. Alam, T. Paso, J. Haapola (2019): "Throughput and Channel Aware MAC
Scheduling for SmartBAN Standard", IEEE Access.
[i.7] ETSI TR 103 395: "Smart Body Area Networks (SmartBAN); Measurements and modelling of
SmartBAN Radio Frequency (RF) environment".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
Void.
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6 ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
× Multiplication
GFSK modulation constant
Channel bandwidth
On-body link distance (cm), depending upon the on-body node positions

Energy of bit-to-noise ratio

ℎ GFSK modulation index
MAC header length in bits

Frame parity

PLCP header length in bits

Physical layer preamble length in bits

 The average decay rate in dB/cm for the surface wave traveling around the perimeter of the body
Payload size in bits
Gaussian random variable with zero mean and unity variance
 The average loss close to the antenna
 The average attenuation of components in an indoor environment radiated away from the body and
reflected back towards the receiving antenna
Bit error probability

Pathloss in dB

Receiver Sensitivity

Transmission power level in dB

Q() Mathematical Q function
Number of PPDU transmissions/repetitions
Symbol/Information rate


Signal-to-Noise Ratio in dB
PPDU acknowledgement duration

T IFS duration

T Minimum slot duration in SmartBAN

T Scheduled access or C/M slot duration in SmartBAN
!" #$
Maximum PPDU transmission duration
% ,
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
Ack. Acknowledgement
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
BAN Body Area Network
BCH Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem Code
BER Bit Error Rate
C/M Control and Management
CMB3 Channel Model 3B
D-Beacon Data Beacon
Dch Data channel
D-CM3B Deterministic CM3B
ECG ElectroCardioGram
EEG ElectroEncephaloGram
EMG ElectroMyoGraph
FCS Frame Check Sequence
FEC Forward Error Correction
GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
GPS Global Positioning System
IBI Inter Beacon Interval
IFS Inter Frame Spacing
KPI Key Performance Indicator
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7 ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
LOS Line Of Sight
MAC Medium Access Control
MPDU MAC Protocol Data Unit
MRC Maximal Ratio Combining
MSD MusculoSkeletal Disorder
NLOS Non-Line Of Sight
PER Packet Error Rate
PHY PHYsical layer
PLCP Physical Layer Convergence Protocol
PPDU Physical Layer Protocol Data Unit
PRR Packet Reception Rate
PSD Power Spectral Density
PSDU Physical Layer Service Data Unit
QoS Quality of Service
RF Radio Frequency
S-CM3B Static CM3B
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
4 Introduction and background
Telemedicine and telehealth monitoring systems require the collection of vital information via sensors, and in some
cases transmission of appropriate feedback, from/to remote patients or subjects through a central hub. Therefore, the
need for a standardized communication interface and protocol between the communicating entities is required. This
network of agents performing some medical monitoring or functions is called a Smart Body Area Network
(SmartBAN).
In the present document, several SmartBAN use-cases have been thoroughly described in terms of their data rate and
latency requirements. In addition to the SmartBAN use-cases provided in ETSI TR 103 394 [i.1], few more use-cases
have also been introduced which are specially challenging because of their high data rate requirements and real time
latency constraints. Among the given SmartBAN use-cases, three example use-cases are considered as low, medium
and high data rate applications. SmartBAN physical (PHY) and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer performance is
evaluated in terms of Packet Reception Rate (PRR), attainable throughput and latency as primary Key Performance
Indicators (KPIs). The technical report not only evaluates the potential of SmartBAN PHY-MAC layer for satisfying the
application-specific Quality of Service (QoS) requirements but also investigates the necessary physical (PHY), MAC
and Radio Frequency (RF) parameters for attaining the targeted QoS.
5 Overview of SmartBAN PHY-MAC
5.0 Introduction
This clause elaborates the ultra-low power PHY layer and low complexity scheduled access MAC layer details in
SmartBAN.
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8 ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
5.1 PHY-MAC structure
Figure 1 shows the Inter Beacon Interval (IBI) structure on Data channel (Dch) for single Physical Layer Protocol Data
Unit (PPDU) transmission, in which the IBI duration starts with Data beacon (D-Beacon), followed by scheduled
access, Control and Management (C/M) and Inactive durations. Each scheduled access or C/M slot is respectively
composed of data or C/M PPDU, and PPDU acknowledgement (Ack.), separated by Inter Frame Spacing (IFS). Within
PPDU, a MAC frame body is appended with MAC header and frame parity to create a MAC Protocol Data Unit
(MPDU) ETSI as defined in TS 103 325 [i.2]. An MPDU in Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) coded or uncoded
form creates a Physical-layer Service Data Unit (PSDU) which is combined with Physical Layer Convergence Protocol
(PLCP) header and preamble to constitute a PPDU. The optional BCH encoding and/or PPDU repetitions serve as
Forward Error Correction (FEC) techniques to improve system performance. Similarly, the IBI format and its individual
slots with two PPDU repetitions as defined in ETSI TS 103 326 [i.3] are illustrated in figure 2. Figure 3 and figure 4
depict MAC [i.2] and PLCP [i.3] header formats respectively.

Figure 1: IBI format with no PPDU repetitions in scheduled access and C/M durations
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9 ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)

Figure 2: IBI format with two PPDU repetitions in scheduled access duration

Figure 3: MAC Header

Figure 4: PLCP Header
5.2 System parameters
The technical requirements and key parameter values for SmartBAN PHY ETSI TS 103 326 [i.3] and MAC ETSI
TS 103 325 [i.2] layer structure, as discussed in the clause 5.1, are summarized in table 1.
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10 ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
Table 1: SmartBAN PHY-MAC Layer Parameters
Parameters SmartBAN PHY Layer
Data rates Nominally 1 kbps to 100 kbps (vital sign monitoring), up to 1 Mbps
Transmission rate (PHY) Up to 1 Mbps
Preamble () 2 octets
PLCP Header () 5 octets
PPDU Transmissions Single PPDU Transmission, 2-PPDU Repetitions, 4-PPDU Repetitions
FEC Provision BCH (127,113,t=2) Encoding over MPDU (Optional), Repetitions (2,4) over
PPDU (Optional)
Modulation Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) =0,5, ℎ=0,5
Bandwidth per channel 2 MHz
Communication Distance 1,5 m
Parameters SmartBAN MAC Layer
Data Frame Transmission Scheduled Access, Multi-Use Channel Access (Optional)
Control and Management Frame Slotted ALOHA Access, Multi-Use Channel Access (Optional)
Transmission
Max. node capacity Up to 16 nodes (typically 8)
Network topology Star network+ optionally relay and mesh are envisioned
Latency 10 ms (real-time, high priority transmissions), approx. 100 ms regular
traffic.
MAC Header () 7 octets
2 octets
Frame Parity ()
Minimum Slot Duration (T ) 625 µs
Scheduled access or C/M slot duration i×T , where i ∈{1,2,4,8,16,32}
( T )
IFS Duration (T ) 150 µs

6 SmartBAN use-cases
6.0 Introduction
A number of use-cases have been identified as potential scenarios for SmartBAN in this clause and their required data
rates and implementation modes (real time/non real time) are specified. In addition to the use-cases described in ETSI
TR 103 394 [i.1], few more use-cases have also been identified in this technical report that potentially have high data
rate requirements and involve real time monitoring. The use-cases taken from ETSI TR 103 394 [i.1] include:
i) safety and fall monitoring;
ii) stress monitoring;
iii) sleep monitoring;
iv) blood pressure fluctuation monitoring;
v) abnormal cardiac rhythm monitoring;
vi) apnea monitoring; and
vii) precise athlete monitoring applications.
Following are among the newly described use-cases:
i) musculoskeletal disorder monitoring;
ii) neuromuscular disorder monitoring;
iii) rescue and emergency management;
iv) entertainment; and
v) emotion detection.
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11 ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
All the given use-cases are primarily classified into health monitoring and non-medical use-case categories. These use-
cases serve as the examples of scenarios from which the QoS requirements are derived.
6.1 Health monitoring use-cases
6.1.0 Introduction
These use-cases include the sensor-based monitoring of vital signs in medical and healthcare sector for the diagnoses
and treatment of sickness.
6.1.1 Safety and fall monitoring
Table 2: Safety and fall monitoring as defined in ETSI TR 103 394 [i.1]
Situations
Home Outdoors Hospital Office
Example of use-case
Attaching patch-type sensors on an elderly adult body, an alert signal and his/her pulse data are transmitted to the data
server when he/she feels physically sick and/or when his/her fall is detected. These data and signal are also reported
to care workers immediately.
Necessity of accurate time stamping on the sensor data
Yes
Sensors Sampling rate/Quantization Bit rate Number of Real time/
sensors Non real time
Pulse wave or 10 bit to 16 bit, 640 bps to 16 kbps 1 Real time
ECG
64 Hz to 1 kHz
Accelerometer/Gyroscopic
10 bit to 16 bit, 5 kbps to 16 kbps 1 to 3 Real time, Near
all-in-one sensor (multiple 500 Hz to 1 kHz real time
number of sensors are
attached on a body)
Required Data Rate Range: 5,64 kbps to 64 kbps (determined by sampling rate, quantization and no: of nodes)

6.1.2 Stress monitoring
Table 3: Stress monitoring as defined in ETSI TR 103 394 [i.1]
Situations
Home Office Outdoors Hospital
Example of use-case
Logging daily physical and emotional stress and use the data for health management.
Necessity of accurate time stamping on the sensor data Yes
Sensors Sampling rate/Quantization Bit rate Number of Real time/
sensors Non real time
Pulse wave or
10 bit to 16 bit, 640 bps to 16 kbps 1 Non real time
ECG 64 Hz to 1 kHz
Required Data Rate Range: 640 bps to 16 kbps (determined by sampling rate, quantization and no: of nodes)

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12 ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
6.1.3 Sleep monitoring
Table 4: Sleep monitoring as defined in ETSI TR 103 394 [i.1]
Situations Home Hospital
Example of use-case
Checking asleep conditions and use the data for attaining better sleep conditions. The data is utilized for insomnia
treatment.
Necessity of accurate time stamping on the sensor data
Yes
Sensors Sampling rate/Quantization Bit rate Number of Real time/
sensors Non real time
Pulse wave or 10 bit to 16 bit, 640 bps to 16 kbps 1 Non real time
ECG
64 Hz to 1 kHz
Accelerometer
640 bps to 16 kbps 1 Non real time
10 bit to 16 bit,
(body motion,
64 Hz to 1 kHz
posture)
Required Data Rate Range: 1,28 kbps to 32 kbps (determined by sampling rate, quantization and no: of nodes)

6.1.4 Blood pressure fluctuation monitoring
Table 5: Blood pressure fluctuation monitoring as defined in ETSI TR 103 394 [i.1]
Situations
Home Hospital Office Outdoors
Example of use-case
Monitoring blood pressure fluctuation. It is assisted in diagnosis of high blood-pressure.
Necessity of accurate time stamping on the sensor data Yes
Sensors Sampling rate/Quantization Bit rate Number of Real time/
sensors Non real time
10 bit to 16 bit, 640 bps to 16 kbps 1 Real time
Pulse wave
64 Hz to 1 kHz
10 bit to 16 bit, 640 bps to 16 kbps 1 Real time
ECG
64 Hz to 1 kHz
Required Data Rate Range: 1,28 kbps to 32 kbps (determined by sampling rate, quantization and no: of nodes)

6.1.5 Abnormal cardiac rhythm monitoring
Table 6: Abnormal cardiac rhythm monitoring as defined in ETSI TR 103 394 [i.1]
Situations Home Hospital Office Outdoors
Example of use-case
Attaching a long time (24 hours) applicable sensor on a person who has heart disease, arrhythmia is detected.
Necessity of accurate time stamping on the sensor data Yes
Sensors Sampling rate/Quantization Bit rate Number of Real time/
sensors Non real time
Pulse wave 10 bit to 16 bit, 640 bps to 16 kbps 1 Real time
64 Hz to 1 kHz
10 bit- to 16 bit, 640 bps to 16 kbps 1 Real time
ECG
64 Hz to 1 kHz
Accelerometer 640 bps to 16 kbps 1 Real time
10 bit to 16 bit,
/Gyroscopic
64 Hz to 1 kHz
sensor
Required Data Rate Range: 1,9 kbps to 48 kbps (determined by sampling rate, quantization and no: of nodes)

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13 ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
6.1.6 Apnea monitoring
Table 7: Apnea monitoring as defined in ETSI TR 103 394 [i.1]
Situations Home Hospital Outdoors Office
Example of use-case
Attaching patch-type sensors on a person with a sleep problem to detect apnea symptoms and treatment.
Necessity of accurate time stamping on the sensor data Yes/No
Sensors Sampling rate/Quantization Bit rate Number of Real time/
sensors Non real time
Pulse wave or 10 bit to 16 bit, 640 bps to 16 kbps 1 Non real time
ECG 64 Hz to 1 kHz
Accelerometer 640 bps to 16 kbps 1 Non real time
10 bit to 16 bit,
/Gyroscopic
64 Hz to 1 kHz
sensor
Required Data Rate Range: 1,28 kbps to 32 kbps (determined by sampling rate, quantization and no: of nodes)

6.1.7 Musculoskeletal disorder monitoring
Table 8: Musculoskeletal disorder monitoring
Situations Home Office Outdoors Hospital
Example of use-case
Miniaturized wearable sensors attached on human body parts to obtain accurate and precise position, posture and
orientation for MSD prevention and treatment.
Necessity of accurate time stamping on the sensor data Yes/No
Sensors Sampling rate/Quantization Bit rate Number Real time/
of Non real time
sensors
10 bit to 12 bit, 100 kbps to 600 kbps 1 Non real time
EMG
10 kHz to 50 kHz
Accelerometer 640 bps to 16 kbps 1 to 3 Non real time
10 bit to 16 bit,
/Gyroscopic
64 Hz to 1 kHz
sensor
Required Data Rate Range: 100,64 kbps to 648 kbps (determined by sampling rate, quantization and no: of nodes)

6.1.8 Neuromuscular disorder monitoring
Table 9: Neuromuscular disorder monitoring
Situations Home Hospital Office Outdoors
Example of use-case
Miniaturized wearable sensors attached on human body parts to obtain information about body posture and other
conditions, for electrically stimulating the affected muscles in neurodegenerative diseases.
Necessity of accurate time stamping on the sensor data
Yes
Sensors Sampling rate/Quantization Bit rate Number of Real time/
sensors Non real time
Accelerometer/gyroscopic 10 bit to 16 bit, 5 kbps to 16 kbps 4 to 6 Real time
all-in-one sensor (multiple
500 Hz to 1 kHz
number of sensors are
attached on a body)
Ambient Sensor As determined by sensor type As determined by 1 Real time
sensor type
Required Data Rate Range: 20 kbps to 96 kbps (determined by sampling rate, quantization and no: of nodes) +
Ambient sensor bit rate

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14 ETSI TR 103 711 V1.1.1 (2020-10)
6.2 Non-medical use-cases
6.2.0 Rescue and emergency personnel monitoring
In non-medical use-case scenarios, sensors are used for vital signs monitoring to realize the rescue, sports,
entertainment and other consumer electronics applications.
6.2.1 Rescue and emergency personnel monitoring
Table 10: Rescue and emergency manageme
...