ETSI ETS 300 396-1 ed.1 (1998-03)

Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Technical requirements for Direct Mode Operation (DMO); Part 1: General network design

DE/TETRA-00007-1

Prizemni snopovni radio (TETRA) – Tehnične zahteve za neposredni način delovanja (DMO) – 1. del: Splošna zasnova omrežja

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Mar-1998
• Technical Committee: TCCE - TETRA and Critical Communications Evolution
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 25-Mar-1998
• Completion Date: 24-Mar-1998
• Mandate: T-172
• Ref Project: SIST ETS 300 396-1 E1:2003 - Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Technical requirements for Direct Mode Operation (DMO); Part 1: General network design

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ETS 300 396-1 E1:2003
01-december-2003
3UL]HPQLVQRSRYQLUDGLR7(75$±7HKQLþQH]DKWHYH]DQHSRVUHGQLQDþLQ
GHORYDQMD'02±GHO6SORãQD]DVQRYDRPUHåMD
Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Technical requirements for Direct Mode Operation
(DMO); Part 1: General network design
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 396-1 Edition 1
ICS:
33.070.10 Prizemni snopovni radio Terrestrial Trunked Radio
(TETRA) (TETRA)
SIST ETS 300 396-1 E1:2003 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST ETS 300 396-1 E1:2003

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SIST ETS 300 396-1 E1:2003
EUROPEAN ETS 300 396-1
TELECOMMUNICATION March 1998
STANDARD
Source: TETRA Reference: DE/RES-06007-1
ICS: 33.020
Key words: Network, radio, TETRA
Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA);
Technical requirements for Direct Mode Operation (DMO);
Part 1: General network design
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
Internet: [e-mail] - http://www.etsi.fr - http://www.etsi.org
Tel.: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1998. All rights reserved.

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Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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Contents
Foreword .5
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references.7
3 Definitions and abbreviations .8
3.1 Definitions .8
3.2 Abbreviations .9
4 DMO reference points .10
4.1 Reference models.10
4.1.1 DM-MS .10
4.1.2 DW-MS.11
4.1.3 DM-REP .11
4.1.4 DM-GATE.12
4.1.5 DM-REP/GATE .12
4.2 Reference points.12
4.2.1 Terminology.12
5 DM protocol architecture .15
5.1 Introduction .15
5.2 DM-MS protocol architecture .15
5.2.1 Overview.15
5.2.2 Air interface layer 1.16
5.2.3 Air interface layer 2.17
5.2.4 Air interface layer 3.18
5.2.4.1 DMCC entity .18
5.2.4.1.1 Intrinsic services control .19
5.2.4.1.2 SDS.19
5.2.4.2 DMMM entity (optional).19
5.2.5 Security management .19
5.2.5.1 Identity management (authentication) .19
5.2.5.2 Key management.19
5.2.5.3 Enable/disable mechanism.19
6 DM addressing and identities.19
6.1 Introduction .19
6.2 Mobile Network Identity (MNI).21
6.3 Subscriber identities.21
6.3.1 General.21
6.3.2 TETRA Subscriber Identity (TSI).22
6.3.3 Short Subscriber Identity (SSI).22
6.3.4 Installation of TSIs.22
6.3.5 Use of subscriber identities .23
6.4 DM repeater or gateway address.23
6.4.1 Contents of DM repeater or gateway address.23
6.4.2 Use of DM repeater or gateway address.23
6.5 TETRA Equipment Identity (TEI) .23
6.5.1 Contents of TEI .23
6.5.2 Allocation principles for TEI.23
6.5.3 Use of TEI .24
6.6 Layer 2 addresses and labels.24
6.6.1 DM colour code .24
6.7 Use of TETRA addresses.24
6.7.1 Air interface addressing functions .24
6.7.2 Address placement in primitives and PDUs .25

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6.7.2.1 Use of addresses at layer 2 for direct MS-MS operation . 25
6.7.2.2 Use of TSI at layer 3 for direct MS-MS operation . 26
6.7.2.3 Use of addresses for DM repeater operation. 26
6.7.2.4 Use of addresses for DM gateway operation. 26
6.7.3 Address and identity comparison. 27
7 DM circuit mode teleservices and bearer services. 27
7.1 Service definitions . 27
7.1.1 Bearer service. 27
7.1.2 Teleservice . 27
7.2 Services offered in TETRA DMO . 28
7.2.1 DM teleservices . 28
7.2.2 DM bearer services. 28
7.2.2.1 Circuit mode unprotected bearer services . 29
7.2.2.2 Circuit mode protected bearer services . 29
7.3 Individual calls and group calls in TETRA DMO . 29
7.3.1 Individual call . 29
7.3.2 Group call . 29
7.4 DW-MS. 30
7.4.1 Idle state . 30
7.4.2 Active state . 30
7.4.2.1 Active in DMO . 30
7.4.2.2 Active in V+D mode . 30
7.5 Repeater operation. 30
7.6 Gateway operation .31
7.7 Repeater/gateway operation . 31
8 DM intrinsic services. 31
8.1 Intrinsic service definition . 31
8.2 DM late entry . 32
8.3 Transmitting party number identification . 32
8.4 Emergency calls. 32
9 DM Short Data Service (SDS) . 32
9.1 Short data functional entities. 33
9.2 OTAR . 33
History. 34

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Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Terrestrial Trunked Radio
(TETRA) Project of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
This ETS is a multi-part standard and will consist of the following parts:
Part 1: "General network design";
Part 2: "Radio Aspects";
Part 3: "Mobile Station to Mobile Station (MS-MS) Air Interface (AI) protocol";
Part 4: "Repeater type 1", (DE/RES-06007-4);
Part 5: "Gateway", (DE/RES-06007-5);
Part 6: "Security", (DE/RES-06007-6);
Part 7: "Repeater type 2", (DE/TETRA-02007-7);
Part 8: "PICS proforma", (DE/TETRA-02007-8);
Part 9: "SDL model", (DE/TETRA-02007-9).
Transposition dates
Date of adoption of this ETS: 6 March 1998
Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa): 30 June 1998
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this ETS (dop/e): 31 December 1998
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 December 1998

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1 Scope
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) defines the TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (TETRA) Direct
Mode Operation (DMO). It specifies the basic air interface, the inter-working between Direct Mode (DM)
groups via repeaters, and inter-working with the TETRA Voice plus Data (V+D) system via gateways. It
also specifies the security aspects in TETRA DMO, and the intrinsic services that are supported in
addition to the basic bearer services and teleservices.
This part applies to the general network design of TETRA DMO as follows:
- it defines and specifies the circuit mode reference points for the Mobile Station (MS), repeater and
gateway to the Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI);
- it defines and specifies models of the air interface protocol stack where the different functions of
layers and sub-layers are listed;
- it defines and specifies the TETRA DMO addressing and identities and their organization in groups
corresponding to the different functions;
- it defines and specifies the functions provided by the circuit mode teleservices used for speech and
basic services used for data transfer;
- it defines and specifies the intrinsic services that extend the capabilities of the circuit mode bearer
services and teleservices;
- it defines and specifies the functions related to the transport of short data messages.
NOTE: This part of this ETS may, by its nature as a general design statement, require
updating as later specific parts of the ETS are completed in order to avoid any
non-alignment. If a discrepancy occurs between this part and any other part of this
ETS, then the other part will take precedence. This part will be updated at a frequency
consistent with maintaining the integrity of this ETS as a whole.
2 Normative references
This ETS incorporates by dated and undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
apply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] ETS 300 396-2: "Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Technical requirements
for Direct Mode Operation (DMO); Part 2: Radio aspects".
[2] ETS 300 392-1: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Trans-European
Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Part 1: General network
design".
[3] ETS 300 395-2: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Trans-European
Trunked Radio (TETRA); Speech codec for full-rate traffic channels; Part 2:
TETRA codec".
[4] ETS 300 396-3: "Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Technical Requirements
for Direct Mode Operation (DMO); Part 3: Mobile Station to Mobile Station
(MS-MS) Air Interface (AI) Protocol".
[5] CCITT Recommendation X.121 (1992): "International numbering plan for public
data networks".

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[6] CCITT Recommendation E.212 (1988): "Identification plan for land mobile
stations".
[7] ITU-T Recommendation I.411 (1993): "ISDN user-network interfaces -
Reference configurations".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETS, the following definitions apply:
Bit Error Ratio (BER): The limit ratio of the bits wrongly received to all bits received in a given logical
channel.
call transaction: All of the functions associated with a complete unidirectional transmission of information
during a call. A call can be made up of one or more call transactions. In a simplex call these call
transactions are sequential.
Direct Mode (DM): A mode of simplex operation where mobile subscriber radio units may communicate
using radio frequencies which may be monitored by but which are outside the control of the TETRA
Trunked network. DM is performed without intervention of any Base Station (BS).
Direct Mode Call Control (DMCC): The layer 3 entity responsible for setting up and maintaining a call in
DM.
Direct Mode Mobile Station (DM-MS): A physical grouping that contains all of the mobile equipment that
is used to obtain TETRA DM services. By definition, a DM-MS contains at least one Mobile Radio Stack
(MRS). For synchronization purposes, DM-MSs can have one of two status levels:
- master: if the DM-MS is either active in a call transaction transmitting traffic or control data, or is
reserving the channel by means of channel reservation signalling and hence is providing
synchronization information to the channel;
- slave: if the DM-MS is receiving traffic and/or signalling and hence is deriving synchronization
information from the channel.
Direct Mode GATEway (DM-GATE): A device which provides gateway connectivity between a DM-MS
and the TETRA V+D network. The gateway provides the interface between TETRA DMO and TETRA
V+D mode.
Direct Mode REPeater (DM-REP): A device that operates in TETRA DM and provides a repeater
function to enable two or more DM-MSs to extend their coverage range.
Direct Mode REPeater/GATEway (DM-REP/GATE): A device that combines the functionality of a
DM-REP and a DM-GATE in a single unit.
DUal mode switchable MS (DU-MS): A MS that can operate either in TETRA DMO or TETRA V+D
mode. Only one mode can be selected at any given time and the MS is not capable of monitoring DM
channels while in V+D mode or V+D channels while in DMO.
Dual Watch MS (DW-MS): A MS that can operate either in TETRA DMO or TETRA V+D mode. Only one
mode can be selected at any given time but the MS is capable of monitoring the V+D mode control
channel while in DMO or a DM channel while in V+D mode.
frequency efficient mode: Mode of operation where two independent DM communications are supported
on a single radio frequency carrier. In frequency efficient mode the two DM channels are identified as
channel A and channel B.
logical channel: A generic term for any distinct data path. Logical channels are considered to operate
between logical endpoints.

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Message Erasure Rate (MER): The limit ratio of the messages detected as wrong by the receiver to all
messages received in a given logical channel.
normal mode: Mode of operation where only one DM communication is supported on a radio frequency
carrier.
recent user: The DM-MS that was master of the call transaction immediately prior to the current master's
call transaction in a call.
recent user priority: A service which gives the recent user a preferred access to request transmission
when the current master is ceasing its call transaction in a group call. This service is controlled by the
current master.
simplex: A mode of single or dual frequency working in which information can be transferred in both
directions but not at the same time.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply:
AI Air Interface
BER Bit Error Rate
BS Base Station
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
DLL Data Link Layer
DM-GATE Direct Mode GATEway.
DM-MS Direct Mode Mobile Station
DM-REP Direct Mode REPeater.
DM-REP/GATE Direct Mode REPeater/GATEway
DMCC Direct Mode Call Control
DMMM Direct Mode Mobility Management
DMO Direct Mode Operation
DO-MS Direct mode Only Mobile Station
DSDA Destination Short Data Agent
DSB Direct mode Synchronization Burst
DU-MS DUal mode switchable Mobile Station
DW-MS Dual Watch Mobile Station
ESN Electronic Serial Number
FAC Final Assembly Code
FEC Forward Error Correction
GSSI Group Short Subscriber Identity
GTSI Group TETRA Subscriber Identity
ISSI Individual Short Subscriber Identity
ITSI Individual TETRA Subscriber Identity
LS Line connected Station
MCC Mobile Country Code
MER Message Erasure Rate
MMI Man Machine Interface
MNC Mobile Network Code
MNI Mobile Network Identity
MRS Mobile Radio Stack
MS Mobile Station
MT Mobile Termination
OSD Originating Short Data
OSDA Originating Short Data Agent
OTAR Over The Air Re-keying
PACQ Probability of synchronization burst ACQuisition
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PL Physical Layer
RSSI Radio-Signal-Strength-Indicator
SCH Signalling CHannel
SCK Static Cipher Key
SDS Short Data Service

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SDU Service Data Unit
SIM Subscriber Identity Module
SS Supplementary Services
SSCK Sealed Static Cipher Key
SSI Short Subscriber Identity
SwMI Switching and Management Infrastructure
TAC Type Approval Code
TEI TETRA Equipment Identity
TSI TETRA Subscriber Identity
TVP Time Variant Parameter
Ud abbreviation for Direct Mode Air Interface
Um abbreviation for Trunked Mode (V+D) Air Interface
V+D Voice plus Data
4 DMO reference points
In this clause a number of reference models are identified which apply to TETRA DMO. The purpose
behind these models is to assist in providing a definition of the interfaces which exist between various
device types and, if relevant, to any other involved terminal or network entities.
The reference models cover all distinct operating possibilities and provide a framework for describing the
technical requirements for the various interfaces.
The abbreviations used in the reference models are defined in clause 3. The abbreviation DM-MS is used
throughout the ETS as a generalized term to include all MSs capable of working in DMO. The full
capability of any particular DM-MS is not a standardized parameter but is an issue for implementation.
Some basic assumptions on the likely types of mobile are however useful in order to define specific
operational issues and where this is appropriate in this ETS, the following terminology is used:
DM-MS: generalized term for any DMO capable MS;
DO-MS: Direct mode Only MS;
DU-MS: DUal mode switchable MS;
DW-MS: Dual Watch MS;
DM-REP: Direct Mode REPeater;
DM-GATE: Direct Mode GATEway;
DM-REP/GATE: Direct Mode REPeater/GATEway.
Implementations which combine dual functionality in a single unit, e.g. a DM-REP and MS end equipment
(see subclause 4.2), are not considered to be distinct and separate stations, but for the purposes of this
ETS are considered to be combinations of those listed above.
In general DM-MS will be used as applying to all DM-MSs, but the other terms listed above may be
applied where specific differentiation is necessary.
4.1 Reference models
4.1.1 DM-MS
The basic reference model for DMO applies to a simple point-to-point or point-to-multipoint
communication between DM-MSs using the Direct Mode Air Interface, Ud. Figure 1 shows the most basic
configuration and is the most simple with which to define the range of services which are to be supported
by DMO.
Ud
DM-MS
DM-MS
Figure 1: DM-MS connected to DM-MS via DM air interface, Ud

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The basic Ud air interface is fully described in subsequent parts of this ETS. In the definition of this air
interface, differentiation is made between the current transmitting and the current receiving MSs at any
time in a call.
The DM-MS which provides the synchronization reference is defined as the "master" DM-MS. A DM-MS
which initiates a call becomes the master for the duration of that transaction. Any DM-MS which
synchronizes on a "master" DM-MS is defined as a "slave" DM-MS.
The same Ud air interface applies to a DO-MS, a DU-MS when set for DMO and the DM aspects of a
DW-MS (either in active or monitoring mode). The Ud air interface also applies to links between DM-MSs
and DM-REPs, or to links between DM-MSs and DM-GATEs, though in these latter cases there may be
slight differences within the protocol operating over the air interface in order to cater for additional
functionality.
Air interface links to the TETRA V+D system from DW-MSs or from DM-GATEs are supported over the
Trunked Mode (V+D) Air Interface, Um, as detailed in ETS 300 392-1 [2].
4.1.2 DW-MS
This model applies to a DM-MS which is capable of dual watch operation.
Ud
Um
DM-MS DW-MS SwMI
Figure 2: Dual Watch reference model
The DW-MS can be in one of three states as follows:
a) idle in both modes and periodically monitoring both the V+D mode control channel and a selected
DM radio frequency carrier; or
b) communicating with another DM-MS via the Ud air interface and periodically monitoring the V+D
mode control channel over the Um air interface; or
c) communicating with the TETRA Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI) in V+D mode via
the Um air interface and periodically monitoring a selected DM radio frequency carrier.
It is important to stress that simultaneous active communication over the two air interfaces is not
supported by this ETS.
For DU-MSs, a similar reference model applies but there is no capability to monitor the inactive channel.
With DU-MSs, either the V+D mode or the DMO reference model applies at any one time.
4.1.3 DM-REP
This model applies to operation using a DM-REP between the end MSs.
Figure 3 shows the simplest form of link between DM-MS's using the Ud air interface via a DM-REP.
Ud
Ud
DM-MS
DM-REP DM-MS
Figure 3: DM-REP reference model
The DM-REP receives information from a transmitting mobile on an "uplink timeslot" and re-transmits this
information to another mobile or group of mobiles on a "downlink timeslot". The DM-REP specified within
this ETS is regenerative, in that it decodes and re-encodes bursts which it receives, to improve the overall
link performance.

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4.1.4 DM-GATE
This model applies to operation when using a DM-GATE into a TETRA V+D network, and in this ETS
concerns only the link between TETRA DMO and TETRA V+D mode.
Figure 4 shows the simplest form of link between a DM-MS and the TETRA V+D SwMI (and hence
onward, e.g. to a V+D MS or Line connected Station (LS)) using the Ud air interface via a DM-GATE.
Ud Um
DM-MS DM-GATE SwMI
Figure 4: Gateway into a TETRA SwMI
The DM-GATE caters for the differences in protocol between the Ud and Um air interfaces and provides
for the required inter-connectivity between DM and the TETRA V+D network.
4.1.5 DM-REP/GATE
This is a special case of combined repeater/gateway functionality, e.g. perhaps in a single equipment
where a vehicle based repeater serving a DM network is also required to have a link back to the TETRA
V+D network over the Um air interface.
Ud
DM-MS
Um
DM-REP/GATE
SwMI
Ud
DM-MS
Figure 5: Repeater/gateway into a TETRA SwMI
The Ud and Um air interfaces for the above reference model are no different from those in the previous
examples. The V+D mode air interface is used for the link between the gateway and the TETRA SwMI
and the DMO air interface is used for the links from the DM-MSs to the gateway (repeater included).
4.2 Reference points
4.2.1 Terminology
Functional groups are sets of functions which may be needed in specific access arrangements. In any
particular access arrangement, specific functions of a functional group may or may not be present.
Reference points are conceptual points dividing functional groups. This subclause uses terminology
consistent with ITU-T Recommendation I.411 [7] in order to specify conceptual reference points which are
relevant to TETRA DMO. For consistency with the TETRA V+D standard, common terminology for the
reference points highlighted here has been used. The terms used are as follows:
Rx: physical interface reference point x used for a specific interface not specified by ITU-T
I-series Recommendations (i.e. not ISDN);
APx: Access Point type x (x = 1 represents an ISDN S reference point, which is not relevant to
DMO; x = 2 represents access point for bearer services at an R reference point; x = 3
represents access point for teleservices at user interface);
TEx: Terminal Equipment type x (x = 1 represents ISDN interface; x = 2 represents TETRA
specific interface, nominally ITU-T V-series);

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MTx: Mobile Termination type x, the radio equivalent to a Network Termination unit NT(x) in
ISDN
...