ETSI TR 138 901 V17.0.0 (2022-04)

5G; Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz (3GPP TR 38.901 version 17.0.0 Release 17)

RTR/TSGR-0138901vh00

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: 3GPP RAN 1 - Radio layer 1 specification
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Completion Date: 20-Apr-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 138 901 V17.0.0 (2022-04)






TECHNICAL REPORT
5G;
Study on channel model for frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz
(3GPP TR 38.901 version 17.0.0 Release 17)

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3GPP TR 38.901 version 17.0.0 Release 17 1 ETSI TR 138 901 V17.0.0 (2022-04)

Reference
RTR/TSGR-0138901vh00
Keywords
5G
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ETSI

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3GPP TR 38.901 version 17.0.0 Release 17 2 ETSI TR 138 901 V17.0.0 (2022-04)
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ETSI

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3GPP TR 38.901 version 17.0.0 Release 17 3 ETSI TR 138 901 V17.0.0 (2022-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 2
Legal Notice . 2
Modal verbs terminology . 2
Foreword . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Introduction . 10
5 Void . 11
6 Status/expectation of existing information on high frequencies . 11
6.1 Channel modelling works outside of 3GPP . 11
6.2 Scenarios of interest . 13
6.3 Channel measurement capabilities . 14
6.4 Modelling objectives . 14
7 Channel model(s) for 0.5-100 GHz . 15
7.1 Coordinate system . 15
7.1.1 Definition . 15
7.1.2 Local and global coordinate systems . 16
7.1.3 Transformation from a LCS to a GCS . 16
7.1.4 Transformation from an LCS to a GCS for downtilt angle only . 20
7.2 Scenarios . 21
7.3 Antenna modelling . 24
7.3.1 Antenna port mapping . 25
7.3.2 Polarized antenna modelling . 25
7.4 Pathloss, LOS probability and penetration modelling . 26
7.4.1 Pathloss . 26
7.4.2 LOS probability . 30
7.4.3 O2I penetration loss . 31
7.4.3.1 O2I building penetration loss . 31
7.4.3.2 O2I car penetration loss . 32
7.4.4 Autocorrelation of shadow fading . 32
7.5 Fast fading model . 33
7.6 Additional modelling components . 48
7.6.1 Oxygen absorption . 48
7.6.2 Large bandwidth and large antenna array . 49
7.6.2.1 Modelling of the propagation delay . 49
7.6.2.2 Modelling of intra-cluster angular and delay spreads . 49
7.6.3 Spatial consistency . 50
7.6.3.1 Spatial consistency procedure . 51
7.6.3.2 Spatially-consistent UT/BS mobility modelling . 51
7.6.3.3 LOS/NLOS, indoor states and O2I parameters . 55
7.6.3.4 Applicability of spatial consistency . 56
7.6.4 Blockage . 57
7.6.4.1 Blockage model A . 58
7.6.4.2 Blockage model B . 60
7.6.5 Correlation modelling for multi-frequency simulations. 62
7.6.5.1 Alternative channel generation method . 62
7.6.6 Time-varying Doppler shift . 64
7.6.7 UT rotation. 65
ETSI

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3GPP TR 38.901 version 17.0.0 Release 17 4 ETSI TR 138 901 V17.0.0 (2022-04)
7.6.8 Explicit ground reflection model . 65
7.6.9 Absolute time of arrival . 68
7.6.10 Dual mobility . 69
7.6.11 Sources of EM interference . 69
7.6.12 Embedded devices . 69
7.7 Channel models for link-level evaluations . 70
7.7.1 Clustered Delay Line (CDL) models . 70
7.7.2 Tapped Delay Line (TDL) models . 73
7.7.3 Scaling of delays . 76
7.7.4 Spatial filter for generating TDL channel model . 77
7.7.4.1 Exemplary filters/antenna patterns . 77
7.7.4.2 Generation procedure . 78
7.7.5 Extension for MIMO simulations . 78
7.7.5.1 CDL extension: Scaling of angles . 78
7.7.5.2 TDL extension: Applying a correlation matrix . 79
7.7.6 K-factor for LOS channel models . 80
7.8 Channel model calibration . 80
7.8.1 Large scale calibration . 80
7.8.2 Full calibration . 81
7.8.3 Calibration of additional features . 82
7.8.4 Calibration of the indoor factory scenario . 84
8 Map-based hybrid channel model (Alternative channel model methodology) . 85
8.1 Coordinate system . 86
8.2 Scenarios . 86
8.3 Antenna modelling . 86
8.4 Channel generation . 86
Annex A: Further parameter definitions . 97
A.1 Calculation of angular spread . 97
A.2 Calculation of mean angle . 97
Annex B: Change history . 98
History . 99

ETSI

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3GPP TR 38.901 version 17.0.0 Release 17 5 ETSI TR 138 901 V17.0.0 (2022-04)
Foreword
rd
This Technical Report has been produced by the 3 Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal
TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an
identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows:
Version x.y.z
where:
x the first digit:
1 presented to TSG for information;
2 presented to TSG for approval;
3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control.
y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections,
updates, etc.
z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document.
In the present document, modal verbs have the following meanings:
shall indicates a mandatory requirement to do something
shall not indicates an interdiction (prohibition) to do something
The constructions "shall" and "shall not" are confined to the context of normative provisions, and do not appear in
Technical Reports.
The constructions "must" and "must not" are not used as substitutes for "shall" and "shall not". Their use is avoided
insofar as possible, and they are not used in a normative context except in a direct citation from an external, referenced,
non-3GPP document, or so as to maintain continuity of style when extending or modifying the provisions of such a
referenced document.
should indicates a recommendation to do something
should not indicates a recommendation not to do something
may indicates permission to do something
need not indicates permission not to do something
The construction "may not" is ambiguous and is not used in normative elements. The unambiguous constructions
"might not" or "shall not" are used instead, depending upon the meaning intended.
can indicates that something is possible
cannot indicates that something is impossible
The constructions "can" and "cannot" are not substitutes for "may" and "need not".
will indicates that something is certain or expected to happen as a result of action taken by an agency
the behaviour of which is outside the scope of the present document
will not indicates that something is certain or expected not to happen as a result of action taken by an
agency the behaviour of which is outside the scope of the present document
might indicates a likelihood that something will happen as a result of action taken by some agency the
behaviour of which is outside the scope of the present document
ETSI

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3GPP TR 38.901 version 17.0.0 Release 17 6 ETSI TR 138 901 V17.0.0 (2022-04)
might not indicates a likelihood that something will not happen as a result of action taken by some agency
the behaviour of which is outside the scope of the present document
In addition:
is (or any other verb in the indicative mood) indicates a statement of fact
is not (or any other negative verb in the indicative mood) indicates a statement of fact
The constructions "is" and "is not" do not indicate requirements.
ETSI

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3GPP TR 38.901 version 17.0.0 Release 17 7 ETSI TR 138 901 V17.0.0 (2022-04)
1 Scope
The present document captures the findings of the study item, "Study on channel model for frequency spectrum above 6
GHz" [2] and from further findings of the study item, "Study on New Radio Access Technology [22]" and the study
item "Study on Channel Modeling for Indoor Industrial Scenarios [23]". The channel models in the present document
address the frequency range 0.5-100 GHz. The purpose of this TR is to help TSG RAN WG1 to properly model and
evaluate the performance of physical layer techniques using the appropriate channel model(s). Therefore, the TR will be
kept up-to-date via CRs in the future.
This document relates to the 3GPP evaluation methodology and covers the modelling of the physical layer of both
Mobile Equipment and Access Network of 3GPP systems.
This document is intended to capture the channel model(s) for frequencies from 0.5GHz up to 100GHz.
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
- References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or
non-specific.
- For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
- For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including
a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same
Release as the present document.
[1] 3GPP TR 21.905: "Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications".
[2] 3GPP TD RP-151606: "Study on channel model for frequency spectrum above 6 GHz".
[3] 3GPP TR 36.873 (V12.2.0): "Study on 3D channel model for LTE".
[4] 3GPP RP-151847: "Report of RAN email discussion about >6GHz channel modelling", Samsung.
[5] 3GPP TD R1-163408: "Additional Considerations on Building Penetration Loss Modelling for 5G
System Performance Evaluation", Straight Path Communications.
[6] ICT-317669-METIS/D1.4: "METIS channel model, METIS 2020, Feb, 2015".
[7] Glassner, A S: "An introduction to ray tracing. Elsevier, 1989".
[8] McKown, J. W., Hamilton, R. L.: "Ray tracing as a design tool for radio networks, Network,
IEEE, 1991(6): 27-30".
[9] Kurner, T., Cichon, D. J., Wiesbeck, W.: "Concepts and results for 3D digital terrain-based wave
propagation models: An overview", IEEE J.Select. Areas Commun., vol. 11, pp. 1002–1012, 1993.
[10] Born, M., Wolf, E.: "Principles of optics: electromagnetic theory of propagation, interference and
diffraction of light", CUP Archive, 2000.
[11] Friis, H.: "A note on a simple transmission formula", proc. IRE, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 254–256, 1946.
[12] Kouyoumjian, R.G., Pathak, P.H.: "A uniform geometrical theory of diffraction for an edge in a
perfectly conducting surface" Proc. IEEE, vol. 62, pp. 1448–1461, Nov. 1974.
[13] Pathak, P.H., Burnside, W., Marhefka, R.: "A Uniform GTD Analysis of the Diffraction of
Electromagnetic Waves by a Smooth Convex Surface", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 631–642, 1980.
[14] IST-WINNER II Deliverable 1.1.2 v.1.2, "WINNER II Channel Models", IST-WINNER2, Tech.
Rep., 2007 (http://www.ist-winner.org/deliverables.html).
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3GPP TR 38.901 version 17.0.0 Release 17 8 ETSI TR 138 901 V17.0.0 (2022-04)
[15] 3GPP TR36.101: "User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception".
[16] 3GPP TR36.104: "Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception".
[17] Asplund, H., Medbo, J., Göransson, B., Karlsson, J., Sköld, J.: "A simplified approach to applying
the 3GPP spatial channel model", in Proc. of PIMRC 2006.
[18] ITU-R Rec. P.1816: "The prediction of the time and the spatial profile for broadband land mobile
services using UHF and SHF bands".
[19] ITU-R Rec. P.2040-1: "Effects of building materials and structures on radiowave propagation
above about 100 MHz", International Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector
ITU-R, 07/2015.
[20] ITU-R Rec. P.527-3: "Electrical characteristics of the surface of the earth", International
Telecommunication Union Radiocommunication Sector ITU-R, 03/1992.
[21] Jordan, E.C., Balmain, K.G.: "Electromagnetic Waves and Radiating Systems", Prentice-Hall Inc.,
1968.
[22] 3GPP TD RP-162469: "Study on New Radio (NR) Access Technology".
[23] 3GPP TD RP-182138: "SID on Channel Modeling for Indoor Industrial Scenarios".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in TR 21.905 [1] apply.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
A antenna radiation power pattern
A maximum attenuation
max
d 2D distance between Tx and Rx
2D
d 3D distance between Tx and Rx
3D
d antenna element spacing in horizontal direction
H
d
antenna element spacing in vertical direction
V
f frequency
f center frequency / carrier frequency
c
ˆ
θ
F Receive antenna element u field pattern in the direction of the spherical basis vector
rx,u,θ
ˆ
φ
F Receive antenna element u field pattern in the direction of the spherical basis vector
rx,u,ϕ
ˆ
θ
F Transmit antenna element s field pattern in the direction of the spherical basis vector
tx,s,θ
ˆ
φ
F Transmit antenna element s field pattern in the direction of the spherical basis vector
rx,s,ϕ
h antenna height for BS
BS
h antenna height for UT
UT
rˆ spherical unit vector of cluster n, ray m, for receiver
rx,n,m
rˆ spherical unit vector of cluster n, ray m, for transmitter
tx,n,m
α bearing angle
β downtilt angle
γ slant angle
λ wavelength
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3GPP TR 38.901 version 17.0.0 Release 17 9 ETSI TR 138 901 V17.0.0 (2022-04)
κ cross-polarization power ratio in linear scale
μlgASA mean value of 10-base logarithm of azimuth angle spread of arrival
μ mean value of 10-base logarithm of azimuth angle spread of departure
lgASD
μ mean value of 10-base logarithm of delay spread
lgDS
μ mean value of 10-base logarithm of zenith angle spread of arrival
lgZSA
μ mean value of 10-base logarithm of zenith angle spread of departure
lgZSD
Pr
LOS probability
LOS
SLA
side-lobe attenuation in vertical direction
V
σlgASA standard deviation of 10-base logarithm of azimuth angle spread of arrival
σ standard deviation of 10-base logarithm of azimuth angle spread of departure
lgASD
σ standard deviation value of 10-base logarithm of delay spread
lgDS
σ standard deviation of 10-base logarithm of zenith angle spread of arrival
lgZSA
σ standard deviation of 10-base logarithm of zenith angle spread of departure
lgZSD
σ standard deviation of S
...