ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06)

Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Operation methods and principles for spectrum access systems for PMSE technologies and the guarantee of a high sound production quality on selected frequencies utilising cognitive interference mitigation techniques

DTR/ERM-TG17WG3-011

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 13-Jun-2010
• Technical Committee: ERM TG17 WG3 - ERM Radio Microphones, Cordless Audio and Audio Links
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 23-Jun-2010
• Completion Date: 14-Jun-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06)
Technical Report

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Operation methods and principles for spectrum access
systems for PMSE technologies and the guarantee of a high
sound production quality on selected frequencies utilising
cognitive interference mitigation techniques

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2 ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06)



Reference
DTR/ERM-TG17WG3-011
Keywords
access, radio
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3 ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviations . 11
4 Differences between mobile services and Professional Audio Transmission . 12
4.1 General remarks . 12
4.2 Comparisons in the operation of PSME against other mobile systems . 13
4.3 Latency . 13
4.4 Signalling between mobile and infrastructure equipment . 13
4.5 Link reliability . 13
4.6 Link quality . 14
4.7 Link Robustness . 15
4.8 Radio Resource Management (RRM) . 15
4.9 Source Coding and Audio/Speech Compression . 15
4.10 Spectral Efficiency . 16
4.10.1 PMSE Calculation . 16
4.10.2 Example . 16
4.11 Mobility . 16
4.12 Interference Scenarios . 16
4.13 Training and Channel Sounding . 17
4.14 Encryption . 17
4.15 Coverage area . 17
4.16 Power Consumption on Mobile Device. 17
4.17 Characteristics of Wi-Fi versus PMSE and other mobile systems . 17
5 Frequency Bands in consideration . 18
5.1 Overview . 18
5.1.1 Narrow audio: 29,7 MHz to 47 MHz . 18
5.1.2 VHF: 174 MHz to 216 MHz . 18
5.1.3 UHF: 470 MHz to 862 MHz . 18
5.1.4 Duplex Guard band: 821 MHz to 832 MHz . 19
5.1.5 863 MHz to 865 MHz . 19
5.1.6 L-Band . 19
5.1.6.1 L-Band part 1: 1 452 MHz to 1 477 MHz (1 479,5 MHz) . 19
5.1.6.2 L-Band part 2: 1 492 MHz to 1 518 MHz . 19
5.1.6.3 L-Band part 3: 1 518 MHz to 1 559 MHz . 19
5.1.7 1,8 GHz: 1 785 MHz to 1 800 MHz . 19
5.1.8 ISM-band: 2,4 GHz and 5,8 GHz . 19
5.2 Technical characteristics of specific frequency bands . 20
6. Cognitive Technologies . 20
6.1 Definition of Cognitive Communication System . 20
6.2 Functional Architecture of a Cognitive Radio . 22
6.3 Cognitive Technologies . 23
6.3.1 Technologies for making observations . 23
6.3.1.1 Spectrum Sensing and Classification . 23
6.3.1.1.1 Energy Detection . 23
6.3.1.1.2 Feature Detection. 24
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4 ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06)
6.3.1.1.3 Limitations and Challenges . 24
6.3.1.2 Radio Environment Map . 26
6.3.1.3 Localization . 27
6.3.1.3.1 Expected performance of indoor geolocation technologies . 27
6.3.1.4 Cognitive Pilot Channel . 28
6.3.1.4.1 Information transmitted in the CPC . 28
6.3.1.4.2 Operation modes . 28
6.3.1.4.3 Delivery modes . 28
6.3.1.4.4 Benefits of CPC . 29
6.3.1.4.5 Drawbacks of CPC . 29
6.3.2 Technologies for making Actions: Radio Resource Management (RRM) . 29
6.3.2.1 Dynamic Frequency Allocation (DFA) . 29
6.3.2.2 Bandwidth Scalability . 30
6.3.2.3 Dynamic Power Control (DPC) . 30
6.3.2.4 Pre-emption - Priority Management . 30
7 Cognitive PMSE System (C-PMSE System) . 30
7.1 Definition C-PMSE . 30
7.1.1 Observe . 32
7.1.2 Understand . 32
7.1.3 Predict . 32
7.1.4 Decide . 32
7.1.5 Act . 33
7.2 C-PMSE System Architecture . 33
7.3 Description of Functional Elements . 34
7.3.1 Radio Resource Manager (RRM) . 34
7.3.2 Service Level Entry (SLE) . 35
7.3.3 Service Level Monitor (SLM) . 35
7.3.4 Cognitive Engine (CEN) . 35
7.3.5 Performance Monitor (PMO) . 35
7.3.6 Scanning Receiver (SCR) . 36
7.3.7 Frequency Coordinator (FCO) . 36
7.4 Interfaces/Protocols . 36
7.4.1 Frequency Coordination Interface (fci) . 37
7.4.1.1 Information provided from FCO . 37
7.4.1.2 Information provided to the FCO . 37
7.4.1.3 Other organizational aspects / open issues . 37
7.4.2 Inter cognitive PMSE Interface (cpi) . 37
7.4.3 Scanning Receiver Interface (sci) . 37
8 C-PMSE Scenarios and Use Cases . 38
8.1 Introduction . 38
8.2 Usage Scenarios . 39
8.2.1 The static scenario . 39
8.2.1.1 The state of the art use case . 39
8.2.1.2 The extended use case . 41
8.2.2 The dynamic scenario . 43
9 Hierarchical Database for Spectrum Management . 47
9.1 The Current State of the Art . 48
9.2 Structure and Architecture Proposal . 48
9.3 Database Security and Access Methods . 49
9.4 Database Update and Spectrum Lease . 49
9.5 Database Legacy Support . 49
9.6 Database Content . 49
9.7 Location Accuracy Parameter . 50
10 RF parameters of PMSE Audio services and quality service levels . 51
11 Conclusions and Recommendations . 51
11.1 Hidden Node Problem / "Ask Before Talk" . 51
11.2 Intermodulation . 51
11.3 Interference Power . 52
11.4 Compatibility of cognitive devices in the 470 MHz to 862 MHz band . 52
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5 ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06)
11.5 Interference by CDs. 52
11.6 Propagation and Interference characteristics . 52
11.7 QoS Monitoring . 52
11.8 Spectral efficiency . 52
11.9 Radio Resource Management . 53
11.10 Hierarchical Database . 53
11.11 Geolocation accuracy . 53
11.12 Database security . 53
Annex A: Bibliography . 54
History . 55

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6 ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
A future ETSI Technical Specification on the recommended spectrum access technique in the present document is
planned as well as tests on a demonstrator built to the specifications in the TS. An ETSI Technical Report on the
defined RF compliance tests carried out on the demonstrator for the selected spectrum access mechanism defined in the
TS is planned to be prepared.
Please note that although the technology demonstrator will concentrate on one particular application, the technology
will ultimately be transferable to other PMSE applications.
Introduction
Radio microphone devices use 100 % duty cycle to convey voice or music either for a live event such as concerts and
theatres or for a recorded event such as the production of film and television programs. Interference during this process
is not only commercially disastrous; it can be also harmful to the audience where a public address system is in use.
The regulations governing the operation of PMSE (Program Making and Special Events) systems are currently in flux
in Europe. During the process of changeover compression of the television channels is taking place below 790 MHz.
The spectrum between 790 MHz and 862 MHz has been considered a Digital Dividend and allocated for use by
Electronic Communications Networks. This has resulted in a reduction of spectrum available for PSME.
Protection
PMSE devices use very low radiated power levels (the maximum PWMS RF power level is 50 mW) in comparison to
most other radio communication systems. In order for them to function properly, they are protected from interference.
Up to now this has not been a problem since PMSE equipment operated in locally unused TV channels that presented a
very predictable RF environment. In the future, many different kinds of new devices, the characteristics of which are
difficult to fully anticipate at this time, may be sharing this space. Some of these devices will be used for broadband
data, and will occupy any spectrum which is available to them, i.e. from a few MHz to a multiple of 10 MHz. Other
uses of the Digital Dividend, which may eventually go down to 600 MHz, are use by the emergency services and other
mobile services.
The question of how to protect PMSE equipment from interference caused by new devices has been the subject of much
discussion and debate. Traditionally, incompatible radio communications systems were assigned to operate in separate
frequency bands, but this scheme is becoming impractical in today's world of intensive spectrum use. A more dynamic
and robust solution is needed.
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7 ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06)
Spectrum efficiency
Including cognitive techniques into a PMSE system has a high potential for increasing spectrum efficiency. It has to be
investigated which cognitive techniques are suitable and how they need to be modified to serve the needs of the PMSE
system.
Flexibility of spectrum access
Including cognitive techniques into a PMSE system has a high potential for increasing the flexibility of spectrum
access. It has to be investigated which cognitive techniques are suitable and how they need to be modified to serve the
PMSE systems needs.
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8 ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06)
1 Scope
The present document analyses the various possible techniques for spectrum access systems for PMSE technologies and
for the guarantee of a high sound production quality on selected frequencies utilising cognitive interference mitigation
techniques and recommends a specific method.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 102 683 (V1.1.1): "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Cognitive Pilot Channel
(CPC)".
[i.2] Li, Y., Quang, T. T., Kawahara, Y., Asami, T., and Kusunoki, M. 2009. Building a spectrum map
for future cognitive radio technology. In Proceedings of the 2009 ACM Workshop on Cognitive
Radio Networks (Beijing, China, September 21 - 21, 2009). CoRoNet '09. ACM, New York,
NY, 1-6.
[i.3] WiMAX Forum Spectrum and Regulatory Database.
NOTE: http://www.wimaxforum.org/resources/wimax-forum-spectrum-and-regulatory-database
[i.4] TEDDI database.
NOTE: http://webapp.etsi.org/Teddi/
[i.5] ETSI EN 300 422 (V1.3.2): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Wireless microphones in the 25 MHz to 3 GHz frequency range".
[i.6] ETSI TR 102 546 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Technical characteristics for Professional Wireless Microphone Systems (PWMS); System
Reference Document".
[i.7] ERC Recommendation 70-03 (2009): "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD) PWMS:
Annex 10 + Annex 13".
[i.8] CEPT Report 30: "Technical identification of common and minimal (least restrictive) technical
conditions for 790 - 862 MHz for the digital dividend in the European Union".
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9 ETSI TR 102 799 V1.1.1 (2010-06)
[i.9] CEPT Report 32: "Recommendation on the best approach to ensure the continuation of existing
Program Making and Special Events (PMSE) services operating in the UHF (470-862 MHz),
including the assessment of the advantage of an EU-level approach".
[i.10] ETSI EN 300 726 (V7.0.2): "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM);
Enhanced Full Rate (EFR) speech transcoding (GSM 06.60 version 7.0.2 Release 1998)".
[i.11] Draft ECC Report 147: "Additional compatibility studies relating to PWMS in the band 1518-1559
MHz excluding the band 1544-1545 MHz".
[i.12] OET Report, FCC/OET 08-TR-1005: "Evaluation of the Performance of Prototype TV-Band
White Space Devices Phase II".
[i.13] ETSI TR 102 802: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Cognitive Radio System Concept".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
Further definitions can be found on Terms and Definitions Interactive Database (TEDDI) [i.4].
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC): protocol that sets modulation and coding parameters depending on
channel state
Ask Before Talk (ABT): spectrum access protocol requiring a cognitive radio device to consult a lo
...