ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)

Integrated broadband cable telecommunication networks (CABLE); Characteristics of Evolving Electromagnetic Environment with ECN800 parameters and Cable Network Equipment

DTR/CABLE-00002

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Sep-2016
• Technical Committee: CABLE WG2 - HFC Distribution, Installation, Operational Best Practices
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 15-Nov-2016
• Completion Date: 08-Sep-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Integrated broadband cable and telecommunication networks
(CABLE);
Characteristics of Evolving Electromagnetic Environment with
ECN800 parameters and Cable Network Equipment

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2 ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)



Reference
DTR/CABLE-00002
Keywords
cable, environment

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3 ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Symbols . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 7
4 General principles of HFC and LTE co-existence . 9
4.1 Technical considerations . 9
4.1.1 Radio frequency usage . 9
4.1.2 Reference signals for assessing co-existence . 9
4.2 Scheme of Harmonised Standards . 11
5 Evolution of the electromagnetic environment due to Digital Dividend . 15
5.1 History of ECN user equipment (UE) . 15
5.2 ECN user equipment in the 800 MHz band . 15
5.3 ECN base transmitter stations (BTS) in the 800 MHz band . 15
5.4 HFC customer premise equipment (CPE) . 16
6 HFC network design and electromagnetic environment . 16
6.1 Impact of ECN services . 16
6.2 Screening efficiency in cable networks . 17
7 Immunity characteristics of HFC customer premise equipment . 19
7.1 Immunity parameters . 19
7.2 Immunity (tuner test) against differential mode RF voltages at the antenna terminal . 20
7.3 Screening effectiveness . 21
7.4 Immunity against radiated electromagnetic fields . 21
7.5 Conclusions . 22
8 Parameters of mobile radio networks in the 800 MHz band . 23
8.1 Frequency Arrangements for the 790 MHz to 862 MHz band . 23
8.1.1 Introduction. 23
8.1.2 Minimum separation between mobile and broadcast channels . 24
8.1.3 Deployment of TDD within the 790-862 MHz band . 24
8.2 Emissions limits of mobile emissions . 25
8.2.1 Base stations . 25
8.2.2 Terminals . 25
8.2.3 Definition of block edge masks . 26
8.3 Deployment scenarios for mobile networks in the 790 MHz to 862 MHz . 27
8.3.1 Introduction. 27
8.3.2 Reference ECN system characteristics . 28
8.3.3 ECN cell radius . 28
8.3.4 General Assumptions related to ECN . 29
9 Interference scenarios . 30
9.1 Modelling co-existence of HFC and ECN . 30
9.1.1 Modelling Parameters . 30
9.1.2 Modelling Approach . 31
9.1.3 Modelling Results . 31
9.1.4 Prediction of field strength at an HFC network caused by a Base Station with an aerial height of
10 m . 34
9.1.5 Prediction of field strength at an HFC network caused by a Base Station with an aerial height of
1,5 m . 35
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4 ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)
9.2 Modelling transmit power values in ECN . 36
9.2.1 User equipment (UE) . 36
9.2.2 Downlink transmission path . 37
9.2.3 Summary of results . 39
History . 41

ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Integrated broadband cable
telecommunication networks (CABLE).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI

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6 ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)
1 Scope
The present document describes the current and evolving electromagnetic environment following introduction of new
radio services in the digital dividend UHF frequency band from 790 MHz to 862 MHz. It compares and contrasts
relevant parameters against the current and evolving cable network equipment parameters defined by adopted European
Norms.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CEPT Report 30: "The identification of common and minimal (least restrictive) technical
conditions for 790 - 862 MHz for the digital dividend in the European Union", November 2009.
[i.2] CEPT Report 31: "Frequency (channelling) arrangements for the 790-862 MHz band",
November 2009.
[i.3] CENELEC EN 50083-2:2012: "Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and
interactive services - Part 2: Electromagnetic compatibility for equipment".
[i.4] CENELEC EN 50083-8:2013: "Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and
interactive services - Part 8: Electromagnetic compatibility for networks".
[i.5] CENELEC EN 50117: "Coaxial Cables".
[i.6] CENELEC EN 55013:2013: "Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment -
Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement".
[i.7] CENELEC EN 55020:2007/A11:2011: "Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated
equipment - Immunity characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement".
[i.8] CENELEC EN 55022:2010/AC:2011: "Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement".
[i.9] CENELEC EN 55024:2010/A1:2015: "Information technology equipment - Immunity
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement".
[i.10] CENELEC EN 61000-4-3:2006/A1:2008/A2:2010: "Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -
Part 4-3: Testing and measurement techniques - Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field
immunity test".
[i.11] ETSI EN 300 429 (V1.2.1) (04-1998): "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure,
channel coding and modulation for cable systems".
[i.12] ETSI TR 103 288: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Report of
the CENELEC/ETSI Joint Working Group in response to the EC letter
ENTRP/F5/DP/MM/entr.f5.(2013)43164 to the ESOs".
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7 ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)
[i.13] Recommendation ITU-R F.1336 (02-2014): "Reference radiation patterns of omnidirectional,
sectoral and other antennas for the fixed and mobile service for use in sharing studies in the
frequency range from 400 MHz to about 70 GHz".
[i.14] G531/01077/09: "Measurement Report: Immunity of integrated TV receivers, settop boxes and
data-modems connected to broadband cable and TV networks against radiation from LTE user
equipment", January 2010, Federal Network Agency Germany.
[i.15] "NorDig Unified Requirements for Integrated Receiver Decoders for use in cable, satellite,
terrestrial and IP-based networks", August 2014.
NOTE: Available at http://www.nordig.org/specifications.
[i.16] D-Book 8: "Digital Terrestrial Television Requirements for Interoperability", March 2015, Digital
Television Group (DTG).
[i.17] ECC/DEC/(09)03: "ECC Decision of 30 October 2009 on harmonised conditions for mobile/fixed
communications networks (MFCN) operating in the band 790 - 862 MHz", October 2009.
[i.18] Commission Decision 2010/267/EU: "Commission Decision of 6 May 2010 on harmonised
technical conditions of use in the 790-862 MHz frequency band for terrestrial systems capable of
providing electronic communications services in the European Union", May 2010.
[i.19] CEPT ERC Recommendation 74-01: " Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain",
January 2011.
[i.20] Recommendation ITU-R P.1546-5: "Method for point-to-area predictions for terrestrial services in
the frequency range 30 MHz to 3 000 MHz", September 2013.
3 Symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
d Distance
dB Decibel
dB(µV) Decibel with reference to 1 µV
dB(µV/m) Decibel with reference to 1 µV/m
dBm Decibel with reference to 1 mW
E Electrical Field Strength
m Meter
Mbit/s Megabit per second
MHz Megahertz
ms Millisecond
mW Milliwatt
P Power
V/m Volt per Meter
W Watt
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
AM Amplitude Modulation
APT Asia-Pacific Telecommunity
ASMG Arab Spectrum Management Group
ATU African Telecommunications Union
BEM Block Edge Mask
BS Base Station
BTS Base Transmitter Station
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8 ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)
CATV Community (Cable) Antenna Television
CEN European Committee for Standardization
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
CISPR International Special Committee on Radio Interference
CITEL Inter-American Telecommunication Commission
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
DIN German Industrial Norm
DKE German Electrotechnical Commission
DL DownLink
DTT Digital Terrestrial Television
DVB Digital Video Broadcasting
DVB-C Digital Video Broadcasting - Cable
DVB-T Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial
ECC Electronics Communications Committee (CEPT)
ECN Electronic Communications Network
EIRP Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EN European Norm
ERC European Radiocommunications Committee
ERP Effective Radiated Power
ESO European Standards Organization
EU European Union
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FM Frequency Modulation
FTTx Fiber-To-The-x
GSM Global System for Mobile Communication
HFC Hybrid Fiber-Coax
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IF Intermediate Frequency
ITU International Telecommunications Union
JTG Joint Task Group
JWG Joint Working Group
LTE Long-Term Evolution
MFCN Mobile/Fixed Communication Network
MNO Mobile Network Operator
PAL Phase Alternating Line
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RF Radio Frequency
RX Receiver
SDO Standards Developing Organizations
SIR Signal-to-Interference Ratio
SMS Short Message Service
STB Set-Top Box
TC Technical Committee
TDD Time Division Duplex
TRP Total Radiated Power
TV TeleVision
TX Transmitter
UE User Equipment
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UL Uplink
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
VCR Video Cassette Recorder
WG Working Group
WRC World Radio Conference
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9 ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)
4 General principles of HFC and LTE co-existence
4.1 Technical considerations
4.1.1 Radio frequency usage
For many decades the UHF spectrum between 470 MHz and 862 MHz was used for terrestrial and cable broadcast TV
distribution. It was decided to use 8 MHz channels in the UHF spectrum. The relevant portion of the channel raster is
displayed in Figure 1. The same frequency spectrum is used by terrestrial broadcasting over the air as well as by RF
cable systems in a wired network. Co-existence is enabled by establishing a set of standards defining appropriate
requirements for the separation of the wired transmission from its electromagnetic environment.
With the more efficient usage of the spectrum by digital television, the terrestrial service portfolio can be maintained by
using fewer frequency resources. The parts of the spectrum becoming available for alternative use are known as the
Digital Dividend. Resulting from the decisions of the ITU World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) 2007 with
regard to the future usage of the Digital Dividend many European countries are in the course of or have completed the
reorganization of the relevant spectrum. Decisions by CEPT e.g. on the allotted bandplan in the 800 MHz band were
taken with the aim to minimize impact on the Customer Premises Equipment (CPE). The idea was that a base
transmitter station was expected to not have an impact to the disturbance situation to the same extent as UE.
For example, the German government decided to make available the frequency range from 790 MHz to 862 MHz for
mobile broadband Internet in Germany while the usage for terrestrial broadcasting services ceases. The main difference
resulting for the electromagnetic environment compared to the previous usage by broadcast services is the presence of
radio signals in up- and downlink in close proximity to broadcasting CPE. Previously, there were no transmitters close
to TV sets or other CPE like cable modems, VCRs or set-top boxes.
Mobilfunk
Sendefrequenzbereich BS (Downlink) Duplexlücke Sendefrequenzbereich TS (Uplink)
30 MHz (6 Blöcke je 5 MHz) 11 MHz 30 MHz (6 Blöcke je 5 MHz)
791 - 796 796 - 801 801 - 806 806 - 811 811 - 816 816 - 821 821 - 832 832 - 837 837 - 842 842 - 847 847 - 852 852 - 857 857 - 862
Kabel
72 MHz (9 Kanäle je 8 MHz)
790 - 798 798 - 806 806 - 814 814 - 822 822 - 830 - 830 - 838 838 - 846 846 - 854 854 - 862

Figure 1: Co-Channel situation with the frequency assignment for new mobile services
against the broadcast UHF channel raster
4.1.2 Reference signals for assessing co-existence
While the broadcast signals used in terrestrial and cable networks are well defined and exhibit fairly stable
characteristics over time, LTE signals are highly variable and practical experience is still limited. Therefore, it is
essential to define a set of reference signals that can be used consistently when assessing co-existence between LTE and
cable. The reference signals should reflect specific characteristics of actual LTE transmissions as close as possible. In
the present document, LTE UE uplink signals are considered when uploading and when idle. The focus on UE
generated signals is following the principle as described in the previous Clause that the UE is expected to be the major
source of potential disturbance.
The structures of the RF signals as they are transmitted by LTE UEs are shown in the figures 2 and 3. The highly
variable nature of the signal is depicted by choosing two operational modes (i.e. upload and idle) that are resulting in
significantly different signal shapes and spectral distribution of transmit power. The figures show the signal format in
the time as well as in the frequency domain. These signal structures were used for the common measurements in
Kolberg, Germany [i.14]. Participants from the German regulator BNetzA, mobile operators, cable operators and TV
manufacturers agreed on the definition of the reference signals. The group used a 10 MHz UE (i.e. mobile terminal)
signal.
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10 ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)
Figure 2 shows the UE signal measured with a real time spectrum analyser. The shown signal is a multicarrier signal
with a bandwidth of 10 MHz. The spectrogram (left portion of Figure 2) shows an actual capture of a LTE UE signal
over 200 ms (y-Axis). Transmit power encoded in colours (blue - low power; red - high power) is distributed across
time and frequency. The occupied Resource Blocks (unit of scheduling) are clearly visible across the frequency axis (x-
Axis). The UE signal occupies different parts of the channel over time during a transmission.
The signal definition is based on a capture of a 2 Mbit/s upload from a UE in a live LTE 800 network. For the
measurement campaign this signal was mapped for the use with a commercially available programmable LTE signal
generator. Table 1 shows the statistical evaluation of the recorded LTE signal (2 Mbit/s upload) which was used in
Figure 2. The widest allocation of Resource Blocks occupies 8,25 MHz but is only used 3 % of the time. This is despite
the fact that the signal is configured for a 10 MHz channel.

NOTE: Time span of spectrogram is 200 ms.

Figure 2: LTE signal (2 Mbit/s upload, generated by signal generator)
Table 1: Statistics of a LTE signal (2 Mbit/s upload) recorded at a live LTE 800 network
Time resolution: 1 ms Counts Probability
Total frames:  200 100,0 %
Width > 1:  37 18,5 %
Block width 0: 0,36 MHz 163 81,5 %
Block width 1: 1,00 MHz 6 3,0 %
Block width 2: 2,10 MHz 3 1,5 %
Block width 3: 3,20 MHz 6 3,0 %
Block width 4: 4,40 MHz 3 1,5 %
Block width 5: 5,00 MHz 7 3,5 %
Block width 6: 5,70 MHz 6 3,0 %
Block width 7: 7,10 MHz 0 0,0 %
Block width 8: 8,25 MHz 6 3,0 %

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11 ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)
Figure 3 shows a mapped version of a real measured idle signal which is used in live LTE 800 networks. Only a small
number of resource blocks is used for the transmission of management information in idle mode. The signal captured in
a live LTE 800 network was mapped for the use with a commercially available programmable LTE signal generator.

NOTE: Time span of the spectrogram is 200 ms.

Figure 3: LTE signal (idle mode with control channel only)
4.2 Scheme of Harmonised Standards
HFC networks and their components are developed against international standards, Harmonised European standards and
other European standards. The most relevant aspect for this report is the electromagnetic compatibility. Figure 4 depicts
a high-level view on the architecture of current cable networks and identifies the European Harmonised Standards and
the portions of the network they apply to as well as the modulation and channel coding given by ETSI
EN 300 429 [i.11].
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12 ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)

Figure 4: Relevant standards for emission of and immunity
against electromagnetic field strength in HFC networks and attached equipment
Standards play a key role in establishing interoperability among devices but also in addressing regulatory and
co-existence requirements. Particularly in the area of radio frequency co-existence and electromagnetic compatibility
(EMC) a complex structure of various organizations on international and European level has evolved with the goal to
appropriately take into account all relevant interests. In many cases, the establishment of joint activities (e.g. Joint
Working Groups between CENELEC and ETSI) has been necessary in order to efficiently align various interests and
develop technical deliverables. Figure 5 depicts the relation between international and European organizations when
defining the electromagnetic environment. It is influenced by both, users of the radio frequency spectrum in free space
as well as operators of RF modulated signals guided in wires.
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13 ETSI TR 103 182 V1.1.1 (2016-09)

Figure 5: Relation of European and international standardization
in the context of frequency co-existence and EMC
The usage of the radio frequency spectrum is defined and coordinated on a worldwide scale by ITU-R. Regularly,
assignment of spectrum and other radio regulations are reviewed by the World Radio Conference (WRC). Various
regional spectrum managing organizations (e.g. ASMG, APT, CEPT, CITEL, ATU) are contributing their requirements
to WRC and coordinate cross-regional issues. Technical conditions for the usage of the frequency spectrum such as
signal levels and out-of-band behaviour are technology dependent and are defined worldwide by technology
standardization organizations such as 3GPP and CISPR. While ETSI is one of the organizational partners within 3GPP
it does not have a special role in 3GPP's standardization process.
On a European level, the electromagnetic environment is first and foremost defined by regulatory decisions of the
European Commission and by the agreements developed within CEPT. Technical details are defined by the ESOs
CENELEC and ETSI which are engaging in joint work if appropriate. The function of ETSI in the European
standardization scheme including its close coordination with CEPT should not be mixed up with ETSI's role in 3GPP.
Regulatory decisions on spectrum usage and technology specifications for wireless and wired communication systems
define an electromagnetic environment. Additional specifications are required to ensure that all contributors to that
electro
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