Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Registered Tables

RTS/JTC-DAB-87

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
22-Aug-2017
Current Stage
12 - Completion
Due Date
24-Aug-2017
Completion Date
23-Aug-2017
Ref Project

Buy Standard

Standard
ETSI TS 101 756 V2.2.1 (2017-08) - Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Registered Tables
English language
53 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TS 101 756 V2.2.1 (2017-08)






TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB);
Registered Tables

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI TS 101 756 V2.2.1 (2017-08)



Reference
RTS/JTC-DAB-87
Keywords
audio, broadcast, broadcasting, DAB, digital,
radio, registration

ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00  Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© ETSI 2017.
© European Broadcasting Union 2017.
All rights reserved.

TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
oneM2M logo is protected for the benefit of its Members.
GSM® and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 ETSI TS 101 756 V2.2.1 (2017-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Abbreviations . 7
4 Registration procedure . 8
4.1 Registration authority . 8
4.2 Registration of a value in an existing table . 8
4.3 Registration of a new table . 9
5 Registered tables in ETSI EN 300 401 . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Character sets (Charset) . 9
5.3 Audio and Data Service Component Type (ASCTy/DSCTy) . 9
5.4 Country Id . 11
5.5 Void . 13
5.6 Languages code tables . 13
5.7 International Table Identifiers . 15
5.8 Programme type . 15
5.9 Announcements . 17
5.10 User Application Type . 19
6 Registered tables in ETSI EN 301 234 (MOT) . 19
6.1 Content type and content subtypes . 19
6.2 Compressed data formats . 20
6.3 Character set indicator . 21
Annex A (informative): Programme type codes, translations . 22
Annex B (informative): Announcement type codes, translations . 36
Annex C (normative): Complete EBU Latin based repertoire . 42
Annex D (normative): Transition arrangements for DAB encoding equipment . 49
D.1 Introduction . 49
D.2 Essential encoding requirements . 49
D.2.1 Multiplex Configuration Information (MCI) . 49
D.2.2 Service Information (SI) . 50
D.3 Requirements for optional features . 50
D.3.1 Service Information (SI) . 50
D.3.1.1 Introduction. 50
D.3.1.2 FIG 0/6 (Service linking) . 50
D.3.1.3 FIG 0/9 (ECC and LTO) . 50
D.3.1.4 FIG 0/10 (date and time) . 50
D.3.1.5 FIG 0/17 (Programme Type) . 50
D.3.1.6 FIG 0/18 (Announcement Support) . 50
D.3.1.7 FIG 0/19 (Announcement Switching) . 50
D.3.1.8 FIG 0/21 (Frequency information) . 51
D.3.1.9 FIG 0/25 (OE Announcement Support) and FIG 0/26 (OE Announcement Switching). 51
D.3.2 Dynamic Label . 51
D.3.3 Deprecated FIGs . 51
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
4 ETSI TS 101 756 V2.2.1 (2017-08)
D.3.4 Reserved FIGs . 51
D.4 Receiver considerations . 51
D.4.1 Introduction . 51
D.4.2 Part-time services . 52
D.4.3 Announcements . 52
D.4.3.1 Alarm announcements . 52
D.4.3.2 OE announcements . 52
History . 53

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
5 ETSI TS 101 756 V2.2.1 (2017-08)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by Joint Technical Committee (JTC) Broadcast of the European
Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comité Européen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique (CENELEC) and the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
NOTE 1: The EBU/ETSI JTC Broadcast was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of standards in the
specific field of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC Broadcast became a tripartite body
by including in the Memorandum of Understanding also CENELEC, which is responsible for the
standardization of radio and television receivers. The EBU is a professional association of broadcasting
organizations whose work includes the co-ordination of its members' activities in the technical, legal,
programme-making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about
60 countries in the European broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Geneva.
European Broadcasting Union
CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva)
Switzerland
Tel: +41 22 717 21 11
Fax: +41 22 717 24 81

The Eureka Project 147 was established in 1987, with funding from the European Commission, to develop a system for
the broadcasting of audio and data to fixed, portable or mobile receivers. Their work resulted in the publication of
European Standard, ETSI EN 300 401 [1], for DAB (see note 2) which now has worldwide acceptance.
NOTE 2: DAB is a registered trademark owned by one of the Eureka Project 147 partners.
The DAB family of standards is supported by WorldDAB, an organization with members drawn from broadcasting
organizations and telecommunication providers together with companies from the professional and consumer
electronics industry.
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 ETSI TS 101 756 V2.2.1 (2017-08)
1 Scope
The present document contains a number of tables for use in the implementation of the Digital Audio Broadcasting
(DAB), system [1] and the related Multimedia Object Transfer (MOT) standard [2]. The tables in the present document
are maintained by the WorldDAB Technical Committee.
The procedure for registering a new value in an existing table or the registration of a new table in the present document
is described in clause 4.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 300 401 (V2.1.1): "Radio broadcasting systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to
mobile, portable and fixed receivers".
[2] ETSI EN 301 234: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Multimedia Object Transfer (MOT)
protocol".
[3] ETSI TS 103 466: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); DAB audio coding (MPEG Layer II)".
[4] ETSI TS 102 563: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); DAB+ audio coding (MPEG
HE-AACv2)".
[5] ETSI TS 101 759: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Data Broadcasting - Transparent Data
Channel (TDC)".
[6] ETSI TS 102 427: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Data Broadcasting - MPEG-2 TS
streaming".
[7] ETSI TS 101 499: "Hybrid Digital Radio (DAB, DRM, RadioDNS); SlideShow; User Application
Specification".
[8] ETSI TS 103 551: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Transport of TPEG services".
[9] ETSI TS 102 818: "Hybrid Digital Radio (DAB, DRM, RadioDNS); XML Specification for
Service and Programme Information (SPI)".
[10] ETSI TS 102 428: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); DMB video service; User Application
Specification".
[11] ETSI TS 103 177: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Filecasting; User application
specification".
[12] ETSI TS 102 979: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Journaline; User application
specification".
[13] ETSI TS 103 176: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Rules of implementation; Service
information features".
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 ETSI TS 101 756 V2.2.1 (2017-08)
[14] IEC 62106: "Specification of the Radio Data System (RDS) for VHF/FM sound broadcasting in
the frequency range from 87,5 MHz to 108,0 MHz".
[15] ISO/IEC 10646: "Information technology - Universal Coded Character Set (UCS)".
[16] IETF RFC 1866: "Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0".
[17] ISO/IEC 8859-1: "Information technology - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character sets - Part 1:
Latin alphabet No. 1".
[18] ISO 32000-1:2008: "Document management - Portable document format - Part 1: PDF 1.7".
[19] ISO/IEC 10918 (all parts): "Information technology - Digital compression and coding of
continuous-tone still images".
[20] ISO/IEC 15948: "Information technology - Computer graphics and image processing - Portable
Network Graphics (PNG): Functional specification".
[21] ISO/IEC 11172-3: "Information technology - Coding of moving pictures and associated audio for
digital storage media at up to about 1,5 Mbit/s - Part 3: Audio".
[22] ISO/IEC 13818-3: "Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information - Part 3: Audio".
[23] ISO/IEC 14496-3: "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 3: Audio".
[24] ISO/IEC 14496-2: "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 2: Visual".
[25] IETF RFC 1950: "ZLIB Compressed Data Format Specification version 3.3".
[26] IETF RFC 1952: "GZIP file format specification version 4.3".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
Not applicable.
3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AM Amplitude Modulation
AMSS Amplitude Modulation Signalling System
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
CIF Common Interleaved Frame
DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting
DL Dynamic Label
DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasting
DSCTy Data Service Component Type
EBU European Broadcasting Union
ECC Extended Country Codes
FIB Fast Information Block
FIC Fast Information Channel
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 ETSI TS 101 756 V2.2.1 (2017-08)
FIG Fast Information Group
FM Frequency Modulation
HTML Hyper Text Mark-up Language
ITU International Telecommunications Union
JFIF JPEG File Interchange Format
JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group
LTO Local Time Offset
MCI Multiplex Configuration Information
MOT Multimedia Object Transfer
MPEG Moving Pictures Expert Group
OE Other Ensemble
PAD Programme Associated Data
PNG Portable Network Graphics
PTy Programme Type
RDS Radio Data System
rfu reserved for future use
SI Service Information
SPI Service and Programme Information
tba to be announced
TDC Transparent Data Channel
TII Transmitter Identification Information
TPEG Transport Protocol Experts Group
UCS Universal Character Set
UTF Unicode Transformation Format
4 Registration procedure
4.1 Registration authority
The content of the present document is maintained by the WorldDAB Technical Committee. Applications for the
registration of a value in an existing table or registration of a new table are to be sent to the address below. Note that
only applications which are in line with the rules described in the following clauses can be accepted by the registration
authority.
Applications for registration should be sent to:
WorldDAB Project Office,
55 New Oxford Street,
LONDON,
WC1A 1BS,
England
Tel: +44 20 7010 0742
E-mail: worlddab-irc@worlddab.org

4.2 Registration of a value in an existing table
Applications for a new value to be defined in an existing table shall be sent to the WorldDAB Project Office. The
requirement shall be clearly stated, including table to be considered, requirement and proposed number to be used.
Support from other organizations for the request should be cited also.
The WorldDAB Project Office will confirm that no numbering conflicts occur at this stage and circulate the proposal to
the WorldDAB Technical Committee members for a 30 day comment period. If there are no adverse comments, then
the application, as amended by any helpful editorial suggestions will be accepted and published within 30 days on the
WorldDAB website. If there are adverse comments, then the application will be considered by the WorldDAB
Technical Committee at its next plenary meeting following the comment period. The applicant will be given an
opportunity during the meeting to describe their proposal and reasons for it. The decision of the WorldDAB Technical
Committee meeting will be final and if the application is accepted, as amended by any helpful editorial suggestions, it
will be published within 30 days on the WorldDAB website.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
9 ETSI TS 101 756 V2.2.1 (2017-08)
4.3 Registration of a new table
Applications for a new table to be defined shall be sent to the WorldDAB Project Office. The requirement shall be
clearly stated, including table function to be considered, requirement and proposed numbering system to be used.
Support from other organizations for the request should be cited also.
The WorldDAB Project Office will prepare a briefing for the next WorldDAB Technical Committee plenary meeting
and the applicant will be given an opportunity to describe their proposal and reasons for it. The decision of the
WorldDAB Technical Committee meeting will be final and if the application is accepted, as amended by any helpful
editorial suggestions, it will be published within 30 days on the WorldDAB website.
5 Registered tables in ETSI EN 300 401
5.1 General
The following tables provide enumeration of FIG data fields in ETSI EN 300 401 [1].
5.2 Character sets (Charset)
See clause 5.2.2.2 of ETSI EN 300 401 [1].
Table 1 contains all presently registered character sets and their bit values used in the FIG type 1 data field. All the
remaining values are reserved for future use.
Table 1: Charset values
b b b b Character set (Charset)
7 6 5 4
0 0 0 0 Complete EBU Latin based repertoire - see annex C
0 1 1 0 ISO/IEC 10646 [15] using UCS-2 transformation format, big endian byte order
1 1 1 1 ISO/IEC 10646 [15] using UTF-8 transformation format

5.3 Audio and Data Service Component Type (ASCTy/DSCTy)
See clause 6.3.1 of ETSI EN 300 401 [1].
Table 2a contains all presently registered Audio Service Component Types and their bit values. All the remaining
values (not shown) are reserved for future use.
Table 2a: ASCTy types
b b b b b b Dec ASCTy types
13 12 11 10 9 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DAB audio (see ETSI TS 103 466 [3])
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Not used
0 0 0 0 1 0 2 Not used
    Rfu
1 1 1 1 1 1 63 DAB+ audio (see ETSI TS 102 563 [4])

Table 2b contains all presently registered Data Service Component Types and their bit values. All the remaining values
(not shown) are reserved for future use.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
10 ETSI TS 101 756 V2.2.1 (2017-08)
Table 2b: DSCTy types
b b b b b b Dec DSCTy types
13 12 11 10 9 8
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Not used
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Not used
0 0 0 0 1 0 2 Not used
0 0 0 0 1 1 3 Not used
0 0 0 1 0 0 4 Not used
0 0 0 1 0 1 5 Transparent Data Channel (TDC), see ETSI TS 101 759 [5]
Rfu

0 1 1 0 0 0 24 MPEG-2 Transport Stream, see ETSI TS 102 427 [6]
    Rfu
1 1 1 0 1 1 59 Not used
1 1 1 1 0 0 60 Multimedia Object Transfer (MOT), see ETSI EN 301 234 [2]
1 1 1 1 0 1 61 Proprietary service: no DSCTy signalled
1 1 1 1 1 0 62 Not used
1 1 1 1 1 1 63 Not used

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
11 ETSI TS 101 756 V2.2.1 (2017-08)
5.4 Country Id
See clause 6.3.1 of ETSI EN 300 401 [1].
Tables 3 to 7 are separated into International Telecommunications Union (ITU) regions for convenience only; they
contain Country Identifiers (Country Id) and the Extended Country Codes (ECC), and, for information, the ITU code.
The Country Id codes and ECC are shown in their binary-coded hexadecimal form. Country identifier code "0" (hex) is
not used.
NOTE: Lower case characters have been used where there is no known ITU code.
Table 3: ITU Region 1 (European broadcasting area)
Country ITU code ECC Country Id Country ITU code ECC Country Id
Albania ALB E0 9 Latvia LVA E3 9
Algeria ALG E0 2 Lebanon LBN E3 A
Andorra AND E0 3 Libya LBY E1 D
Armenia ARM E4 A Liechtenstein LIE E2 9
Austria AUT E0 A Lithuania LTU E2 C
Azerbaijan AZE E3 B Luxembourg LUX E1 7
Azores (Portugal) AZR E0 8 Macedonia MKD E4 3
Belgium BEL E0 6 Madeira MDR E2 8
Belarus BLR E3 F Malta MLT E0 C
Bosnia Herzegovina BIH E4 F Moldova MDA E4 1
Bulgaria BUL E1 8 Monaco MCO E2 B
Canaries (Spain) CNR E0 E Montenegro MNE E3 1
Croatia HRV E3 C Morocco MRC E2 1
Cyprus CYP E1 2 Netherlands HOL E3 8
Czech Republic CZE E2 2 Norway NOR E2 F
Denmark DNK E1 9 Palestine - E0 8
Egypt EGY E0 F Poland POL E2 3
Estonia EST E4 2 Portugal POR E4 8
Faroe (Denmark) DNK E1 9 Romania ROU E1 E
Finland FNL E1 6 Russian Federation RUS E0 7
France F E1 F San Marino SM E1 3
Georgia GEO E4 C Serbia SRB E2 D
Germany D E0 D, 1 Slovakia SVK E2 5
Gibraltar (UK) GIB E1 A Slovenia SVN E4 9
Greece GRC E1 1 Spain E E2 E
Hungary HNG E0 B Sweden S E3 E
Iceland ISL E2 A Switzerland SUI E1 4
Iraq IRQ E1 B Syria SYR E2 6
Ireland IRL E3 2 Tajikistan TJK E3 5
Israel ISR E0 4 Tunisia TUN E2 7
Italy I E0 5 Turkey TUR E3 3
Jordan JOR E1 5 Turkmenistan TKM E4 E
Kazakhstan KAZ E3 D Ukraine UKR E4 6
Kosovo - E4 7 United Kingdom G E1 C
Kyrgyzstan KGZ E4 3 Uzbekistan UZB E4 B
   Vatican CVA E2 4

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
12 ETSI TS 101 756 V2.2.1 (2017-08)
Table 4: ITU Region 1 (African broadcasting area)
Country ITU code ECC Country Id Country ITU code ECC Country Id
Ascension Island ASC D1 A Mauritius MAU D3 A
Angola AGL D0 6 Madagascar MDG D0 4
Algeria ALG E0 2 Malawi MWI D0 F
Burundi BDI D1 9 Mali MLI D0 5
Benin BEN D0 E Morocco MRC E2 1
Burkina Faso BFA D0 B Mauritania MTN D1 4
Botswana BOT D1 B Mozambique MOZ D2 3
Cameroon CME D0 1 Niger NGR D2 8
Canary Islands CNR E0 E Nigeria NIG D1 F
Central African Republic CAF D0 2 Namibia NMB D1 1
Chad TCD D2 9 Rwanda RRW D3 5
Congo COG D0 C Sao Tome and Principe STP D1 5
Comoros COM D1 C Seychelles SEY D3 8
Cape Verde CPV D1 6 Senegal SEN D1 7
Cote d'Ivoire CTI D2 C Sierra Leone SRL D2 1
Djibouti DJI D0 3 Somalia SOM D2 7
Egypt EGY E0 F South Africa AFS D0 A
Ethiopia ETH D1 E Sudan SDN D3 C
Gabon GAB D0 8 Swaziland SWZ D2 5
Ghana GHA D1 3 Togo TGO D0 D
Gambia GMB D1 8 Tunisia TUN E2 7
Guinea-Bissau GNB D2 A Tanzania TZA D1 D
Equatorial Guinea GNE D0 7 Uganda UGA D2 4
Republic of Guinea GUI D0 9 Western Sahara AOE D3 3
Kenya KEN D2 6 Zaire ZAI D2 B
Liberia LBR D1 2 Zambia ZMB D2 E
Libya LBY E1 D Zanzibar ZAN D2 D
Lesotho LSO D3 6 Zimbabwe ZWE D2 2

Table 5: Void
Table 6: ITU Region 2 (North and South Americas)
Country ITU code ECC Country Id Country ITU code ECC Country Id
Anguilla AIA A2 1 Guyana GUY A3 F
Antigua and Barbuda ATG A2 2 Haiti HTI A4 D
Argentina ARG A2 A Honduras HND A4 2
Aruba ABW A4 3 Jamaica JMC A3 3
Bahamas BAH A2 F Martinique MRT A3 4
Barbados BRB A2 5 Mexico MEX A4 F
Belize BLZ A2 6 Montserrat MSR A4 5
Bermuda BER A2 C Netherlands Antilles ATN A2 D
Bolivia BOL A3 1 Nicaragua NCG A3 7
Brazil B A2 B Panama PNR A3 9
Canada CAN A1 C Paraguay PRG A3 6
Cayman Islands CYM A2 7 Peru PRU A4 7
Chile CHL A3 C Puerto Rico PTR A3 8
Colombia CLM A3 2 St. Kitts SCN A4 A
Costa Rica CTR A2 8 St. Lucia LCA A4 B
Cuba CUB A2 9 St
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.