ETSI GS QKD 011 V1.1.1 (2016-05)

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD); Component characterization: characterizing optical components for QKD systems

DGS/QKD-0011_OptCompChar

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-May-2016
• Technical Committee: QKD - Quantum Key Distribution
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 10-Apr-2016
• Completion Date: 30-May-2016

Standards Content (Sample)

GROUP SPECIFICATION
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD);
Component characterization: characterizing optical
components for QKD systems
Disclaimer
The present document has been produced and approved by the Group Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) ETSI Industry
Specification Group (ISG) and represents the views of those members who participated in this ISG.
It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership.

2 ETSI GS QKD 011 V1.1.1 (2016-05)

Reference
DGS/QKD-0011_OSWCRPSCKDU
Keywords
communications module, quantum cryptography,
Quantum Key Distribution
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3 ETSI GS QKD 011 V1.1.1 (2016-05)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 12
Foreword . 12
Modal verbs terminology . 12
1 Scope . 13
2 References . 13
2.1 Normative references . 13
2.2 Informative references . 14
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 15
3.1 Definitions . 15
3.2 Symbols . 17
3.3 Abbreviations . 19
4 QKD Systems and Components . . 19
4.1 Overview . 19
4.2 Generic Description . 20
4.3 Weak Laser Pulse QKD . 21
4.4 One-Way Mach-Zehnder Implementation . 21
4.5 Common electrical properties for which measurement procedures are prescribed . 22
4.6 Single photon source (QKD transmitter) properties for which measurement procedures are prescribed . 23
4.7 Single-photon detector (QKD receiver) properties for which measurement procedures are prescribed . 27
5 Measurement conditions. 32
5.1 Overview . 32
5.2 Electrical and optical inputs/outputs. 33
5.2.1 Standardization . 33
5.2.2 Diagrams in clauses 6 to 20 . 33
6 Measurement of clock frequency, and its variation . 33
6.1 Definitions, symbols and units . 33
6.2 Procedure scope . 34
6.3 Measurement set-up . 34
6.4 Applicable methods . 34
6.4.1 Measurement of clock frequency . 34
6.4.2 Measurement of clock frequency variation . 34
6.5 Measurement of clock frequency . 34
6.5.1 Measurement with a frequency counter . 34
6.5.1.1 Equipment required . 34
6.5.1.2 Equipment specifications . 34
6.5.1.3 Measurement process . 34
6.5.1.3.1 Measurement position . 34
6.5.1.3.2 Signal . 35
6.5.1.4 Environment . 35
6.5.1.5 Operational settings . 35
6.5.1.6 Calculations . 35
6.5.1.7 Uncertainties . 35
6.5.2 Measurement with an oscilloscope . 35
6.5.2.1 Equipment required . 35
6.5.2.2 Equipment specifications . 35
6.5.2.3 Measurement process . 35
6.5.2.3.1 Measurement position . 35
6.5.2.3.2 Signal . 35
6.5.2.4 Environment . 36
6.5.2.5 Operational settings . 36
6.5.2.6 Calculations . 36
6.5.2.7 Uncertainties . 36
6.6 Measurement of clock frequency variation . 36
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6.6.1 Calculation . 36
6.6.2 Uncertainties . 36
6.7 Results . 37
6.7.1 Reporting measurement on clock frequency . 37
6.7.2 Measurement of clock frequency variation . 37
6.7.3 Other information to be reported . 37
7 Measurement of output optical pulse repetition rate . 38
7.1 Definitions, symbols and units . 38
7.2 Procedure scope . 38
7.3 Measurement set-up . 38
7.4 Applicable methods . 38
7.4.1 Measurement before attenuation to the single-photon level . 38
7.4.2 Measurement at the single-photon level . 38
7.5 Measurement before attenuation to the single-photon level . 39
7.5.1 Equipment required. 39
7.5.2 Equipment specifications . 39
7.5.3 Measurement process . 39
7.5.3.1 Measurement position . 39
7.5.3.2 Measurement signal . 40
7.5.3.2.1 Measurement with a frequency counter . 40
7.5.3.2.2 Measurement with a real-time oscilloscope. 40
7.5.3.2.3 Measurement with an event timer . 40
7.5.3.2.4 Measurement with a sampling oscilloscope . 40
7.5.3.2.5 Measurement, with an oscilloscope or event timer, of a transmitter incorporating an AMZI . 41
7.5.4 Environment . 41
7.5.5 Operational settings . 41
7.5.6 Calculations . 41
7.5.6.1 Calculation of pulse frequency . 41
7.5.6.1.1 Measurement with frequency counter . 41
7.5.6.1.2 Measurement with a real-time oscilloscope or event timer . 41
7.5.6.1.2.1 Detected pulse sequences . 41
7.5.6.1.2.2 Simple emitter . 41
7.5.6.1.2.3 Transmitter incorporating an AMZI . 42
7.5.6.1.3 Measurement with a sampling oscilloscope . 42
7.5.6.1.3.1 Averaging . 42
7.5.6.1.3.2 Simple emitter . 42
7.5.6.1.3.3 Transmitter incorporating an AMZI . 42
7.5.6.2 Calculation of arrival time difference between the pulse-trains produced by the two arms of the
AMZI . 43
7.5.6.2.1 Measurement with real-time oscilloscope or event timer . 43
7.5.6.2.2 Measurement with a sampling oscilloscope . 43
7.5.7 Uncertainties . 44
7.5.7.1 Measurement equations . 44
7.5.7.2 Measurement of frequency . 44
7.5.7.3 Measurement of arrival time difference between the pulse-trains produced by each arm of an
AMZI . 44
7.5.7.4 Uncertainty evaluation . 45
7.6 Measurement at the single-photon level . 45
7.6.1 Equipment required. 45
7.6.2 Equipment specifications . 45
7.6.3 Measurement process . 45
7.6.3.1 Measurement position . 45
7.6.3.2 Measurement signal - a simple emitter. 45
7.6.3.3 Measurement signal - a QKD transmitter incorporating an AMZI . 46
7.6.4 Environment . 47
7.6.5 Operational settings . 47
7.6.6 Calculations . 47
7.6.6.1 Method described in clauses 7.6.3.2 i) and 7.6.3.3 i) . 47
7.6.6.2 Methods described in 7.6.3.2 ii) and 7.6.3.3 ii) . 48
7.6.6.3 Methods described in 7.6.3.2 iii) and 7.6.3.3.iii). 48
7.6.7 Uncertainties . 48
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7.6.7.1 Measurement equations . 48
7.6.7.2 Measurement of frequency . 49
7.6.7.3 Measurement of arrival time difference between the pulse-trains produced by each arm of an
AMZI . 49
7.6.7.4 Uncertainty evaluation . 49
7.7 Results . 49
7.7.1 Reporting measurement on output optical pulse repetition rate: . 49
7.7.2 Other information to be reported: . 50
8 Measurement of mean photon number . 50
8.1 Definitions, symbols and units . 50
8.2 Procedure scope . 50
8.3 Measurement set-up . 51
8.4 Applicable methods . 51
8.4.1 Measurement with a power meter . 51
8.4.2 Measurement with a gated photon counter . 51
8.4.2.1 Method 1: Every detector gate is illuminated . 51
8.4.2.2 Method 2: Every Rth detector gate is illuminated . 51
8.5 Measurement with a power meter . 51
8.5.1 Applicability . 51
8.5.2 Equipment required. 52
8.5.3 Equipment specifications . 52
8.5.4 Measurement process . 52
8.5.4.1 Measurement position . 52
8.5.4.2 Spectrum . 52
8.5.4.3 Power . 52
8.5.4.4 Pulse repetition rate . 52
8.5.5 Environment . 53
8.5.6 Operational settings . 53
8.5.7 Calculations . 53
8.5.8 Uncertainties . 54
8.5.9 Results . 54
8.5.9.1 Reporting measurement on mean photon number . 54
8.5.9.2 Other information to be reported . 54
8.6 Measurement with a gated photon counter . 55
8.6.1 Applicability . 55
8.6.2 Equipment required. 55
8.6.3 Equipment specifications . 55
8.6.4 Measurement process . 55
8.6.4.1 Measurement position . 55
8.6.4.2 Pulse-pair considerations . 56
8.6.4.3 Spectrum . 56
8.6.4.4 Pulse repetition rate . 56
8.6.4.5 Mean photon number . 57
8.6.4.5.1 General considerations . 57
8.6.4.5.2 Method 1: Every detector gate is illuminated . 57
8.6.4.5.3 Method 2: Every Rth detector gate is illuminated . 57
8.6.4.5.4 Detector constraints . 58
8.6.5 Environment . 59
8.6.6 Operational settings . 59
8.6.7 Calculations . 59
8.6.7.1 General . 59
8.6.7.2 Method 1: Every detector gate is illuminated . 60
8.6.7.3 Method 2: Every Rth detector gate is illuminated . 60
8.6.8 Uncertainties . 60
8.6.9 Results . 61
8.6.9.1 Reporting measurement on mean photon number . 61
8.6.9.2 Other information to be reported . 61
9 Measurement of mean source power . 61
9.1 Definitions, symbols and units . 61
9.2 Procedure scope . 62
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9.3 Measurement set-up . 62
9.4 Applicable methods . 62
9.4.1 Measurement with a power meter . 62
9.4.2 Calculation from measurement of mean photon number(s) . 62
9.5 Measurement with a power meter . 62
9.6 Environment . 62
9.7 Operational settings . 62
9.8 Calculations . 63
9.8.1 Measurement with a power meter . 63
9.8.2 Measurement of mean photon number(s) . 63
9.8.3 Uncertainties . 63
9.9 Results . 63
9.9.1 Reporting measurement on mean source power . 63
9.9.2 Other information to be recorded . 64
10 Measurement of stability of mean optical power of emitted pulses . 64
10.1 Definitions, symbols and units . 64
10.2 Procedure scope . 64
10.3 Applicable methods . 64
10.4 Calculation . 65
10.5 Uncertainties . 65
10.6 Environment . 65
10.7 Results . 65
10.7.1 Reporting measurement on stability of mean optical power of emitted pulses . 65
10.7.2 Other information to be reported . 65
11 Confirmation of Poissonian nature of emitted pulses . 65
11.1 Definitions, symbols and units . 65
11.2 Procedure scope . 66
11.3 Measurement set-up . 67
11.4 Applicable methods . 67
11.4.1 Measurement with an HBT interferometer operating at the single-photon level . 67
11.5 Measurement with an HBT interferometer operating at the single-photon level. 67
11.5.1 Equipment required. 67
11.5.2 Equipment specifications . 67
11.5.3 Measurement process . 68
11.5.3.1 Pulse-pair considerations . 68
11.5.3.2 Measurement position . 68
11.5.3.3 Pulse repetition rate . 68
11.5.3.4 Measurement of emitted pulses . 68
11.6 Environment . 69
11.7 Operational settings . 69
11.8 Calculations . 69
11.9 Uncertainties . 70
11.10 Results . 70
11.10.1 Reporting on Poissonian nature of emitted pulses . 70
11.10.2 Other information to be recorded . 71
12 Measurement of source emission temporal profile, source temporal profile, and source timing
jitter . 71
12.1 Definitions, symbols and units . 71
12.2 Procedure scope . 71
12.2.1 Measurement of source emission temporal profile of an optical pulse . 71
12.2.2 Measurement at high flux level - enables source temporal profile and source timing jitter to be
measured. . 71
12.2.3 Measurement at single-photon level - only source emission temporal profile can be measured . 72
12.3 Applicable methods . 72
12.3.1 Measurement before attenuation to the single-photon level . 72
12.3.2 Measurement at the single-photon level . 72
12.4 Measurement before attenuation to the single-photon level . 73
12.4.1 Measurement set-up . 73
12.4.2 Equipment . 73
12.4.2.1 Equipment required . 73
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12.4.2.2 Equipment specifications . 73
12.4.3 Measurement of jitter . 73
12.4.3.1 Measurement . 73
12.4.3.1.1 Measurement position . 73
12.4.3.1.2 Signal measurement with an oscilloscope . 73
12.4.3.1.3 Signal measurement with an event timer . 74
12.4.3.2 Environment . 74
12.4.3.3 Operational settings . 74
12.4.3.4 Calculation . 74
12.4.3.4.1 Measurement with an oscilloscope . 74
12.4.3.4.2 Measurement with an event timer . 75
12.4.4. Measurement of temporal profile . 75
12.4.4.1 Measurement . 75
12.4.4.1.1 Measurement position . 75
12.4.4.1.2 Signal measurement with an oscilloscope . 75
12.4.4.1.3 Signal measurement with an event timer . 75
12.4.4.2 Environment . 75
12.4.4.3 Operational settings . 75
12.4.4.4 Calculation . 75
12.4.5 Uncertainties . 76
12.5 Measurement at the single-photon level . 76
12.5.1 Measurement approach . 76
12.5.2 Measurement considerations - detection gate is wider than the source emission temporal profile . 76
12.5.3 Measurement considerations - detection gate is narrower than the source emission temporal profile . 76
12.5.4 Calculations . 76
12.5.5 Uncertainties . 77
12.6 Results . 77
12.6.1 Reporting measurement on source emission profile, source temporal profile, and source timing jitter . 77
12.6.2 Other information to be reported . 77
13 Measurement of source wavelength (source frequency) and source linewidth . 78
13.1 Definitions, symbols and units . 78
13.2 Procedure scope . 78
13.3 Measurement set-up . 78
13.4 Applicable methods .
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