ETSI GS F5G 015 V1.1.1 (2023-04)

Fifth Generation Fixed Network (F5G); F5G Residential Services Quality Evaluation and Classification Release 2

DGS/F5G-0015_ residential

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: F5G - Fifth Generation Fixed Network
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 27-Apr-2023
• Completion Date: 28-Apr-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

GROUP SPECIFICATION
Fifth Generation Fixed Network (F5G);
F5G Residential Services Quality Evaluation and
Classification
Release 2
Disclaimer
The present document has been produced and approved by the Fifth Generation Fixed Network (F5G) ETSI Industry
Specification Group (ISG) and represents the views of those members who participated in this ISG.
It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership.

2 ETSI GS F5G 015 V1.1.1 (2023-04)

Reference
DGS/F5G-0015_ residential
Keywords
MOS, network KQI, QoE, residential network,
service classification, service KQI

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Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Modal verbs terminology . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Introduction . 10
4.1 Overview . 10
4.2 Motivation . 11
4.3 Document structure . 12
5 Service KQIs . 12
5.1 General description. 12
5.2 Voice . 12
5.2.1 Voice service KQIs overview . 12
5.2.2 Call completion rate . 13
5.2.3 Call setup time . 13
5.2.4 Conversational quality . 13
5.2.5 Call drop rate . 13
5.3 Web browsing . 13
5.3.1 Web browsing service KQIs overview . 13
5.3.2 Page response time. 13
5.3.3 First screen display time . 13
5.3.4 Full load time . 13
5.4 Data upload/download . 14
5.4.1 Upload/download service KQI overview . 14
5.4.2 Download rate ratio . 14
5.4.3 Upload rate ratio . 14
5.5 IPTV . 14
5.5.1 IPTV service KQI overview . 14
5.5.2 Interactive user experience . 15
5.5.3 Viewing user experience . 15
5.6 On-line game . 15
5.6.1 Overview . 15
5.6.2 Terminal-based rendered game . 15
5.6.2.1 Overview of terminal-based rendered game KQIs . 15
5.6.2.2 Game start-up time . 15
5.6.2.3 Operation response delay . 16
5.6.2.4 Desynchronization time . 16
5.6.3 Cloud-based rendered game . 16
5.6.3.1 Overview of cloud-based rendered game KQIs . 16
5.6.3.2 Frame freezing time ratio . 16
5.6.3.3 Operation response delay . 16
5.7 On-line education/telework . 16
5.7.1 Overview of on-line education/telework KQI . 16
5.7.2 Frame freezing times . 17
5.7.3 Frame freezing time ratio . 17
5.7.4 Interaction delay . 17
5.8 Cloud VR. 17
5.8.1 Overview . 17
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5.8.2 Cloud VR video . 17
5.8.2.1 Overview . 17
5.8.2.2 Initial buffering duration . 17
5.8.2.3 Average percentage of frames freezing . 17
5.8.2.4 Low quality image display (the indicator definition is only for videos that use the FOV
transmission solution) . 18
5.8.3 Cloud VR Game . 18
5.8.3.1 Overview . 18
5.8.3.2 Black edge and smearing . 18
5.8.3.3 Average percentage of frame freezing . 18
5.8.3.4 Operation response delay . 18
6 Network KQI . 19
6.1 Overview . 19
6.2 Throughput . 19
6.3 Latency . 20
6.4 Connectivity . 20
6.5 Handover . 21
6.6 Green & security . 22
6.6.1 Introduction. 22
6.6.2 Green (power consumption) . 22
6.6.3 Security . 24
6.7 Smart O&M . 24
7 User experience evaluation . 25
7.1 General description. 25
7.1.1 Introduction. 25
7.1.2 The Concept of a MOS value. 25
7.2 Voice . 25
7.2.1 MOS mapping of Call Completion Rate (CCR) . 25
7.2.2 MOS mapping of Call Setup Time (CST) . 26
7.2.3 MOS mapping of voice quality . 27
7.2.3.1 Introduction . 27
7.2.3.2 E-Model . 27
7.2.3.3 PESQ Model . 28
7.2.4 MOS mapping of Call Drop Rate (CDR). 28
7.2.5 Comprehensive service score . 29
7.3 Web browsing . 29
7.3.1 MOS mapping of Page Response Time (PRT) . 29
7.3.2 MOS mapping of the First Screen Display Time (FSDT) . 29
7.3.3 MOS mapping of Full Load Time (FLT) . 30
7.3.4 Comprehensive service score . 30
7.4 Data upload/download . 31
7.4.1 MOS mapping of Download Rate Ratio (DRR) . 31
7.4.2 MOS mapping of Upload Rate Ratio (URR) . 31
7.4.3 Comprehensive service score . 31
7.5 IPTV . 32
7.5.1 MOS mapping of Interactive Experience (IE) . 32
7.5.2 MOS mapping of Viewing Experience (VE) . 33
7.5.3 Comprehensive service score . 35
7.6 Terminal-based rendering game . 35
7.6.1 MOS mapping of Network Start-up Time (NST) . 35
7.6.2 MOS mapping of Operation Response Delay (ORD) . 36
7.6.3 MOS mapping of Desynchronization Time Ratio (DTR) . 37
7.6.4 Comprehensive service score . 37
7.7 Cloud-based rendering game . 37
7.7.1 MOS mapping of Frame Freezing Time Ratio (FFTR) . 37
7.7.2 MOS mapping of Operation Response Delay (ORD) . 38
7.7.3 Comprehensive service score . 39
7.8 On-line education/telework . 39
7.8.1 MOS mapping of Frame Freezing Times (FFT) . 39
7.8.2 MOS mapping of Frame Freezing Time Ratio (FFTR) . 39
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7.8.3 MOS mapping of Interaction Delay (ID) . 40
7.8.4 Comprehensive service score . 41
7.9 Cloud VR video . 41
7.9.1 MOS mapping of Initial Buffering Duration (IBD) . 41
7.9.2 MOS mapping of Average Percentage of Frame Freezing (APFF) . 42
7.9.3 MOS mapping of Low Quality Image Display (LQID) . 42
7.9.4 Comprehensive service score . 43
7.10 Cloud VR game . 43
7.10.1 MOS mapping of black edge and smearing . 43
7.10.2 MOS mapping of Average Percentage of Frame Freezing (APFF) . 44
7.10.3 MOS mapping of Operation Response Delay (ORD) . 44
7.10.4 Comprehensive service score . 45
7.11 User experience classification and evaluation framework for service bundles . 45
7.11.1 Service bundle evaluation framework. 45
7.11.2 Calculation of integrated MOS for residential network service bundles . 45
8 Residential Service classification . 46
8.1 Overview . 46
8.2 Residential Service classification into network characteristics levels . 46
8.3 Network evaluation . 47
8.3.1 Introduction. 47
8.3.2 Detailed network evaluation . 47
8.3.3 Basic network evaluation . 49
History . 50

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Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The declarations
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to
ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI Web server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
essential to the present document.
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ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
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Members. 3GPP™ and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP
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Foreword
This Group Specification (GS) has been produced by ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) Fifth Generation Fixed
Network (F5G).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

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1 Scope
The present document specifies the service KQIs for evaluating user experience for residential services. The
corresponding evaluation criteria and the calculation methodology are specified using MOS values. To achieve a good
user experience, network KQIs are specified and dedicated network KQI thresholds are defined for different network
services.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI GS F5G 005: "Fifth Generation Fixed Network (F5G) F5G High-Quality Service Experience
Factors Release#1".
[2] Recommendation ITU-T P.10: "Vocabulary for performance, quality of service and quality of
experience".
[3] European Union EUR 30789 (2021): "Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband
Equipment".
™
[4] IEEE 802.11 /1234r0-2018: "Real-time Mobile Game vs Wi-Fi".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Recommendation ITU-T P.800: "Methods for subjective determination of transmission quality".
[i.2] Broadband Development Alliance (BDA) 2021: "White paper: QoE classification of Residential
network service".
[i.3] BBF TR126: "Triple-play Services Quality of Experience (QoE) Requirements".
[i.4] Broadband Development Alliance (BDA) 2021: "White paper: Gigabit high quality service
experience and network optimization".
[i.5] ETSI GS F5G 004: "Fifth Generation Fixed Network (F5G); F5G Network Architecture".
[i.6] CCSA YD/T 1154-2020: "Network Technical Requirements of Cloud VR based on
Telecommunication Networks".
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[i.7] Recommendation ITU-T G.107: "The E-model: a computational model for use in transmission
planning".
[i.8] Recommendation ITU-T P.863: "Perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ): An objective
method for end-to-end speech quality assessment of narrow-band telephone networks and speech
codecs".
[i.9] ISO/IEC 29199-2:2020: "Information technology -- JPEG XR image coding system --
Part 2: Image coding specification".
th
[i.10] CNNIC 2021: "The 47 China statistical report on internet development".
[i.11] ETSI GR F5G 001: "Fifth generation fixed network (F5G); F5G generation definition release #1".
[i.12] CCSA YD/T 3341-2018: "Scoring method for evaluating the quality of broadband
web/video/bandwidth-measurement service and network".
[i.13] CCSA YD/T 1071-2006: "Technical requirements for IP telephony gateway".
[i.14] CCSA YD/T 3778-2020: "The live algorithm and parameter for the user experience assessment of
broadband video service".
[i.15] CCSA YD/T 3779-2020: "The VOD algorithm and parameter for the user experience assessment
of broadband video service".
[i.16] CCSA YD/T 2026-2009: "The technical requirement and evaluation method for quality of IP
telephony".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
Key Quality Indicator (KQI): QoS metrics, which are important and have a major impact on the QoE of applications
and networks
Mean Opinion Score (MOS): mean of the values on a predefined scale that users assign to their opinion of the
performance of a system quality
NOTE: See Recommendation ITU-T P.10 [2].
Network KQI: quantitative indicator of the functionality and performance of the F5G network
Quality of Experience (QoE): subjective measure of performance of applications or services that relies in human
opinion on the perceived quality
service KQI: quantitative indicator of service or application experience in F5G network
3.2 Symbols
Void.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AP Access Point
APFF Average Percentage of Frame Freezing
BES Black Edge and Smearing
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BNG Broadband Network Gateway
BSAR Blurred Screen Area Ratio
BSR Blurred Screen Ratio
CCR Call Completion Rate
CDN Content Delivery Network
CDR Call Drop Rate
CoC Code of Conduct
CPU Central Processing Unit
CSD Channel Switching Delay
CST Call Setup Time
DDoS Distributed Denial of Service
DNS Domain Name Server
DRR Download Rate Ratio
DTR Desynchronization Time Ratio
E2E End to End
E-ONU Edge ONU
EPG Electronic Programme Guide
ETH Ethernet
FFT Frame Freezing Times
FFTR Frame Freezing Time Ratio
FLT Full Load Time
FOV Field Of View
FSDT First Screen Display Time
FTTR Fibre-To-The-Room
GE Gigabit Ethernet
GI Guard Interval
GUI Graphical User Interface
HD High Definition
IBD Initial Buffering Duration
ID Interaction Delay
IE Interactive Experience
ILD Initial Loading Duration
IP Internet Protocol
IPTV Internet Protocol Television
KQI Key Quality Indicator
LAN Local Area Network
LQID Low Quality Image Display
MOS Mean Opinion Score
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
NCBPS Number of Coded Bits Per Symbol
NST Network Start-up Time
O&M Operation & Management
OLT Optical Line Termination
ONU Optical Network Unit
ORD Operation Response Delay
PESQ Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality
PON Passive Optical Network
P-ONU Primary ONU
PRT Page Response Time
QoE Quality of Experience
QoS Quality of Service
RGW Residential Gateway
RTT Round-Trip Time
RWV Relative Weighted Value
SD Standard Definition
SDR Stalling Duration Ratio
STA Station
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TV Television
URL Uniform Resource Locator
URR Upload Rate Ratio
USB Universal Serial Bus
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VE Viewing Experience
VOD Video On Demand
VoIP Voice over Internet Protocol
VR Virtual Reality
WAN Wide Access Network
XGPON 10-Gigabit Passive Optical Network
4 Introduction
4.1 Overview
The present document specifies the service KQIs for a set of residential applications and services. Such service KQIs
reflect the service quality. To have a quantitative evaluation of service KQIs, a corresponding MOS calculation and
evaluation criteria are specified. To achieve good service quality, a certain level of F5G network performance and
functionality is necessary. Network KQIs are specified to quantify the network in terms of F5G network performance
and functionality. Depending on the service, a certain level of network performance is required.
There are a number of service KQIs specified by other organizations or newly defined in the present document:
a) Voice [1], [2]: call completion rate, call setup time, conversational quality, call drop rate.
b) Web browsing [i.2]: page response time, first screen display time, full load time.
c) Data upload/download: download rate ratio, upload rate ratio.
d) IPTV [i.2]: indicators of interactive experience, indicators of viewing experience.
e) On-line game [1], [i.2]:
- terminal-based rendering game: network start-up time, Operation Response Delay (ORD),
desynchronization time;
- cloud-based rendering game: frame freezing time ratio, Operation Response Delay (ORD).
f) On-line education/telework [i.2]: frame freezing times, frame freezing time ratio, interaction delay.
g) Cloud VR [1]:
- Cloud VR video: initial buffering duration, Average Percentage of Frame Freezing (APFF), low quality
image display.
- Cloud VR game: black edge and smearing, Average Percentage of Frame Freezing (APFF), operation
response latency.
NOTE: The KQI for data upload/download is newly defined in the present document.
The method to quantify service KQIs is based on MOS values, which reflect the user experience. They are defined in
clause 7.
A number of network KQIs are used to support the measurement of the services quality which are as follows:
a) Throughput: the maximum transmission data rate of residential system.
b) Latency: the E2E communication time interval between request and response.
c) Connectivity: the connected number of stations to the access point.
d) Handover: the connection switch between different access points.
e) Green: the power consumption of devices.
f) Security: network security of residential network.
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g) Smart O&M: smart operation & management of residential network.
Based on the network demand of different service, the network service has been classified into different levels. For
example, typical 100 Mbps throughput is enough for the service in L0 while gigabit throughput is necessary for the
service L1 and L2. More strict latency boundary is required in L2 service:
a) Level 0 (L0): voice, web browsing, SD&HD video, upload/download.
b) Level 1 (L1): terminal-based on-line game, 4K video, on-line education/Telework.
c) Level 2 (L2): cloud VR, 8K video, cloud-based on-line game.
The detailed network requirements are specified in clause 8.
The framework of user experience evaluation for residential broadband services is shown in Figure 1. To achieve the
evaluation, several aspects are considered as follows:
1) The service KQI for residential services listed above is used to estimate the user experience from a user's
perspective, shown in the upper left corner of Figure 1.
2) MOS value as quality scoring mechanism is used to quantify the service KQI, shown in the right-hand side of
Figure 1. First, MOS value is calculated for each KQI in a dedicated service. Second, a comprehensive MOS
value is created for the dedicated service. Finally, the MOS value for the residential network could be
estimated by the combination of the MOS value of different service.
3) To support good user experience as perceived by the users, the network KQI listed above is specified as the
basis to ensure enough network capability. The detailed network requirements are discussed for different
levels of service classification.

Figure 1: The framework of user experience evaluation
4.2 Motivation
The present document could be leveraged by the end user to evaluate their residential network and thus improve it by
updating the network hardware, optimizing networking topology and so on. According to the service, providing to the
end users, the service operator could utilize the present document as a reference to build up a residential network to
enable good user experience. To target a good user experience, the system vendor or chipset vendor could develop
specific technologies based on the experience issues. Obviously, further measurement methodology or measurement
tool could be developed according to the content of the present document.
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4.3 Document structure
Clause 4 introduces the context of the present document, including the motivation and framework. Clause 5 specifies
the individual service KQIs for specific network services while network KQI is specified in clause 6. The evaluation
methodology described in clause 7 specifies concrete formulas and algorithms for calculating the MOS value for each
service KQI. In clause 8, the classification of network service and corresponding network requirements are then
discussed based on the network demand of various service.
5 Service KQIs
5.1 General description
This clause describes the selected services for evaluation and their associated parameters. The present document focuses
on the following types of services, for service quality evaluation:
• Voice.
• Web browsing.
• Upload/download.
• IPTV.
• On-line game:
- Terminal-based rendered game: it is when the majority of computation of graphics rendering and data
processing is conducted by the local terminal device.
- Cloud-based rendered game: it is when the majority of computation of graphics rendering and data
processing is conducted by the cloud server.
• On-line Education/Telework.
• Cloud VR:
- Cloud VR Video.
- Cloud VR Game.
The network influences the user experience. When determining service quality indicators, consideration is given to how
the network affects the user experience. A number of service KQIs are defined in both ETSI and ITU, the present
document refers to these relevant standards. Other service KQIs are defined in the present document in order to specify
appropriate evaluation methods.
5.2 Voice
5.2.1 Voice service KQIs overview
Quality of Experience (QoE) indicators for voice are described in various standardization organizations such as ETSI
GS F5G 005 [1], and ITU-T P series [2] and [i.1]. The present document describes indicators closely related to the user
experience as the basis for service evaluation methods. Voice Service KQIs include:
• Call completion rate.
• Call setup time.
• Voice quality.
• Call drop rate.
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5.2.2 Call completion rate
Call completion rate is the percentage of calls that are completed relative to the number of calls initiated by the calling
subscriber. The total number of calls initiated by the calling subscriber does not include the calls lost due to the calling
subscriber error, such as mis-dialling and quitting midway. The number of completed calls includes the number of calls
in which the called subscriber answers, does not answer, is busy, is powered off, rejects the call, and the line is locked.
5.2.3 Call setup time
Call setup time is the time interval between when a calling subscriber dials the last called number and when the calling
subscriber receives a network response. The network response can be signal tones such as ring tone and busy tone,
terminal prompt tone, and recording notification.
5.2.4 Conversational quality
Recommendation ITU-T P10 [2] shows conversational quality as experienced in a bi- or multidirectional conversation.
The Voice Service KQI shall use the Mean Opinion Score (MOS) method as defined in Recommendation
ITU-T P.800 [i.1] to evaluate the conversational voice quality. In Recommendation ITU-T P.800 [i.1], a number of
participants are invited to listen to the same speech sample and then the voice quality of this sample is evaluated.
Through the MOS method, the voice quality can be evaluated subjectively, and a specific voice sample can be scored
subjectively.
5.2.5 Call drop rate
The call drop rate is the percentage calls that are dropped after the network connection has been established which is
shown in ETSI GS F5G 005 [1].
5.3 Web browsing
5.3.1 Web browsing service KQIs overview
Web browsing is one of the basic Internet applications from a user perspective. Page response time, first screen display
time and full load time, described in BDA white paper [i.2] are key indicators that directly affect user experience.
5.3.2 Page response time
The page response time of the user accessing a web page (DNS resolution is required) is calculated between the time ®
that user initiates an access instruction on the terminal (i.e. for desktop/mobile browser (via Wi-Fi ): entering the URL
address with pressing enter) and the time the user receives the first response packet with a content payload.
5.3.3 First screen display time
The first screen display time is defined as follows. The user accesses the page (DNS resolution is required). The user
initiates an access
...