ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)

Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); IPDC Services; Transport specification

DTS/JTC-DAB-52

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jul-2008
• Technical Committee: BROADCAS - EBU/CENELEC/ETSI on Broadcasting
• Current Stage: 13 - TB decision to make document historical
• Completion Date: 22-Mar-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)
Technical Specification


Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB);
IPDC Services;
Transport specification

European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision
EBU·UER

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2 ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)



Reference
DTS/JTC-DAB-52
Keywords
DAB, data, digital, radio, service
ETSI
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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008.
© European Broadcasting Union 2008.
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ETSI

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3 ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.4
Foreword.4
1 Scope.5
2 References.5
2.1 Normative references.5
2.2 Informative references.6
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .6
3.1 Definitions.6
3.2 Symbols.7
3.3 Abbreviations.7
4 General concept and structure .8
4.1 DAB IPDC system architecture.8
4.2 DAB IPDC protocol stack.9
4.3 IPDC data packet transport over DAB .9
4.4 DAB IPDC data transport mechanism.10
4.5 Power saving.11
4.6 DAB IPDC service profiles.12
5 Data transport in DAB IPDC systems.12
5.1 Usage of IPDC architecture.12
5.2 IP Transport.13
5.3 Transport stream PSI/SI specification .13
5.3.1 Efficient transmission of PSI/SI and SAT sections.13
5.4 IPDC data transport service.16
5.4.1 Sub-channel organization.16
5.4.2 Data transport over multiple sub-channels.17
5.4.3 TS synchronization.19
5.4.4 Definition of Sub-channel Assignment Table.20
6 User application signalling.22
Annex A (normative): DAB IPDC reference receiver.23
Annex B (normative): DAB IPDC receiver procedures .25
Annex C (informative): Discovery of IPDC Services over DAB.26
Annex D (informative): Variable Bit-rate Services .28
History .29

ETSI

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4 ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by Joint Technical Committee (JTC) Broadcast of the European
Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comité Européen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique (CENELEC) and the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
NOTE: The EBU/ETSI JTC Broadcast was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of standards in the
specific field of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC Broadcast became a tripartite body
by including in the Memorandum of Understanding also CENELEC, which is responsible for the
standardization of radio and television receivers. The EBU is a professional association of broadcasting
organizations whose work includes the co-ordination of its members' activities in the technical, legal,
programme-making and programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about
60 countries in the European broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Geneva.
European Broadcasting Union
CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva)
Switzerland
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]

The Eureka Project 147 was established in 1987, with funding from the European Commission, to develop a system for
the broadcasting of audio and data to fixed, portable or mobile receivers. Their work resulted in the publication of
European Standard, EN 300 401 [7], for DAB (see note) which now has worldwide acceptance. The members of the
Eureka Project 147 are drawn from broadcasting organizations and telecommunication providers together with
companies from the professional and consumer electronics industry.
NOTE: DAB is a registered trademark owned by one of the Eureka Project 147 partners.
ETSI

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5 ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the transport of IPDC services using the MSC stream mode of DAB (EN 300 401 [7])
including additional error protection (TS 102 427 [8]). IPDC services, e.g. audio and video services, are packetized and
synchronized using RTP [15] and appropriate RTP payload format specifications. The present document specifies the
mechanism for the multiplexing of the multimedia data using MPEG-2 TS [11]. For efficiency, some appropriate
restrictions to MPEG-2 TS and an efficient transmission method for PSI/SI and SAT sections are specified. The present
document also specifies methods of macro and micro time slicing for power-efficient transmission of IPDC Services in
DAB systems. The methods for sub-channel synchronization and data arrangement are specified.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ETSI TS 101 756: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Registered Tables".
[2] ETSI TS 102 470: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); IP Datacast over DVB-H: Program
Specific Information (PSI)/Service Information (SI)".
[3] ETSI TS 102 471: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); IP Datacast over DVB-H: Electronic
Service Guide (ESG)".
[4] ETSI TS 102 474: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); IP Datacast over DVB-H: Service
Purchase and Protection".
[5] ETSI TS 102 472: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); IP Datacast over DVB-H: Content
Delivery Protocols".
[6] ETSI TS 102 005: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for the use of Video and
Audio Coding in DVB services delivered directly over IP protocols".
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6 ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)
[7] ETSI EN 300 401: "Radio Broadcasting Systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile,
portable and fixed receivers".
[8] ETSI TS 102 427: "Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB); Data Broadcasting - MPEG-2 TS
streaming".
[9] ETSI EN 300 468: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for Service Information (SI)
in DVB systems".
[10] ITU-R Recommendation BT.709: "Parameter values for the HDTV standards for production and
international programme exchange".
[11] ISO/IEC 13818-1: "Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated
audio information - Part 1: Systems".
[12] ITU-T Recommendation H.264: "Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services ".
[13] ISO/IEC 14496-10 (2005): "Information Technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 10:
Advanced Video Coding".
[14] ISO/IEC 14496-3: "Information technology - Coding of audio-visual objects - Part 3: Audio".
[15] IETF RFC 3550: "RTP, A Transport Protocol for Real Time Applications".
[16] IETF RFC 3926: "Flute - File Delivery over Unidirectional Transport".
[17] ETSI EN 301 192: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); DVB specification for data broadcasting".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI TR 102 473: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); IP Datacast over DVB-H: Use Cases and
Services".
[i.2] ETSI TR 102 469: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); IP Datacast over DVB-H: Architecture".
[i.3] ETSI TR 101 211: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Guidelines on implementation and usage
of Service Information (SI)".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
DAB IPDC Service: DAB Service transporting one or more IPDC Services
IPDC Service: offer from a service provider to which media content is related.
NOTE: The IPDC Service uses the MPEG Service for transport
MPEG Service: transport service for IPDC Services
NOTE: In DVB/MPEG Systems (ISO/IEC 13818-1 [11]) the normal understanding of an MPEG Service is an
Audio and Video Service
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7 ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
= Assignment operator
!= Relational operator: Not equal to
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
A/V Audio/Video
AAC Advanced Audio Coding
ALC Asynchronous Layered Coding
AV Audio-Visual
bslbf Bit string, left bit first.
NOTE: "Left" is the order in which bit strings are written in the present document. Bit strings are written as a
string of 1s and 0s within single quote marks, e.g. '1000 0001'. Blanks within a bit string are for ease of
reading and have no significance.
CAT Conditional Access Table
CBMS Convergence of Broadcast and Mobile Services
CIF Common Interleaved Frame
COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CU Capacity Unit
DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting
DMB Digital Multimedia Broadcasting
DVB Digital Video Broadcasting
DVB-H DVB-Handheld
DVB-T Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial
EIT Event Information Table
EPG Electronic Programme Guide
ESG Electronic Service Guide
ESM Enhanced Stream Mode
FEC Forward Error Correction
FIC Fast Information Channel
FLUTE File deLivery over Unidirectional Transport
H.264/AVC H.264/Advanced Video Coding
HDTV High Definition TeleVision
HE AAC High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding
HTML Hyper Text Markup Language
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
INT IP Notification Table
IP Internet Protocol
IPDC IP Data Casting
ISO International Organization for Standardization
LCT Layered Coding Transport
MBMS Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service
MPE Multi Protocol Encapsulation
MPEG Moving Pictures Experts Group
MPEG-2 TS MPEG-2 Transport Stream
MPEG-2 MPEG Standard for Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio (ISO/IEC 13818)
MSC Main Service Channel
NIT Network Information Table
PAT Programme Association Table
PCR Programme Clock Reference
PID Packet IDentifier
PMT Programme Map Table
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8 ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)
PNG Portable Network Graphics
PSI Programme Specific Information
PSNR Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio
RF Radio Frequency
RS Reed-Solomon
RTP Real-time Transport Protocol
SAT Sub-channel Assignment Table
SDP Session Description Protocol
SDT Service Description Table
SI Service Information
SRTP Secure Real-time Transport Protocol
TDT Time and Date Table
TS Transport Stream
TSDT Transport Stream Description Table
UDP User Datagram Protocol
uimsbf Unsigned integer, most significant bit first
NOTE: The byte order of multi-byte words in the coded bit-stream is most significant byte first.
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
VBR Variable Bit Rate
XML Extensible Markup Language
4 General concept and structure
4.1 DAB IPDC system architecture
The idea of DAB IPDC is to transmit IP Datacast (IPDC) Services over DAB (EN 300 401[7]) taking into account the
transport of IPDC over MBMS and DVB. For the transport the DAB IPDC Layer is defined which is placed on top of
the MSC streaming mode of the DAB system. Figure 1 shows the DAB IPDC Layer in the context of different
transmission systems.
A
D
u
T
D
M
d
V
A
D
B
i
o
B
V
M

B
I
P B
-
H
D M
C
S

Figure 1: DAB IPDC in the context of other transmission systems
IP Datacast over DAB is an end-to-end broadcast system for delivery of any type of digital content using IP-based
mechanisms optimized for devices with limitations on computational resources and battery. The most important
DAB IPDC application is the efficient transport of multiple audiovisual services based on H.264/AVC video coding
[12] & [13] using optional statistical multiplex and HE-AAC audio coding [14].
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9 ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)
The IPDC Architecture used in DAB is aligned to the specifications of IPDC from the DVB-CBMS (Convergence of
Broadcast and Mobile Services) working group. IPDC includes the specification of:
• Usage of PSI/SI
• Elementary Use Cases
• Reference Architecture for IPDC Service Delivery
• Electronic Service Guide (ESG)
• Service Purchase and Protection (SPP)
• Content Delivery Protocols (CDP)
A detailed description of mandatory IPDC documents is given in clause 5.1.
4.2 DAB IPDC protocol stack
The DAB IPDC protocol stack differs only in the bottom layer from the protocol stack which is used for DVB-H. In
Figure 2 the respective protocol stacks are shown, the only difference is the transport of the MPEG-2 TS over DAB
instead of DVB-H. The usage of every layer is covered by existing specifications and equivalent layers will be handled
in the same way for DAB IPDC as for DVB-H. The transport of the MPEG-TS in DAB is based on TS 102 427 [8] in a
flexible and power efficient way, which is specified in this clause.

Figure 2: DAB IPDC Protocol Stack
4.3 IPDC data packet transport over DAB
In IPDC, the payload consists of IP packets, which are used to carry streaming data as well as file carousels. IP
datagrams are encapsulated into MPE sections, which in turn are carried in MPEG-2 TS packets. A comprehensive
overview of this structure is given in TS 102 470 [2],clause 4.3.
MPEG-2 TS packets carrying MPE sections containing IP datagrams with multiple IP addresses may be carried in a
single DVB service component, i.e. they may share a single PID. To improve the power efficiency of the DAB IPDC
system, it is recommended to group only such IP streams into one PID which are required for consuming a single
service.
The data rate assigned for a single PID is not fixed within an MPEG-2 TS. This allows statistical multiplexing between
services, provided that the overall data rate of the transport stream does not exceed a given limit determined by the
DAB multiplex.
Figure 3 depicts the mapping from AV sources to a single MPEG-2 TS. A number of AV sources is encoded using a
common statistical multiplexing control, which assigns the data rates to the encoders of the sources. The output of the
encoders is a set of IP streams with varying bandwidth demands. However the sum bandwidth requirement remains
constant.
The result of the subsequent IP encapsulation (MPE) is an MPEG-2 TS with a series of TS packets.
NOTE: For DAB IPDC services the MPE-FEC option of MPE is not active (code rate R=1) as an equivalent
forward error protection is provided by the DAB Enhanced Stream Mode ( see figure 5).
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10 ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)

Figure 3: Mapping of IPDC Services into MPEG-2 Transport stream
4.4 DAB IPDC data transport mechanism
The DAB IPDC data transport mechanism enables DAB power saving modes at the presence of variable bit rate (VBR)
services. The general idea is to split the incoming MPEG-2 transport stream over multiple sub-channels which allows
selective decoding of only the required sub-channels for the currently active application in the receiver. The granularity
of the power saving is defined by the number of sub-channels used by the DAB IPDC Service.
DAB IPDC
ESG A B C
MPEG-2 TS
Subchannel
Assignment
TS-Splitter
able
T
188 byte packets
ESG A A A B C
RS-Encoder RS-Encoder RS-Encoder RS-Encoder
204 byte packets
Outer
ESG A A A B C
Coder
Interleaver 1 Interleaver 2 Interleaver 3 Interleaver 4
DAB
Subch. 1
Subch. 2 Subch. 3 Subch. 4
(primary)
Subchannels

Figure 4: DAB IPDC transport mechanism for MPEG-2 transport streams
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11 ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)
The DAB IPDC data transport mechanism defines the transport of media content encapsulated in an MPEG-2 TS over
the DAB system as illustrated in Figure 4.
• Incoming MPEG-2 TS packets (188 bytes per packet) are passed to the TS-splitter.
• The TS-splitter distributes packets to DAB sub-channels according to their PIDs and generates the
Sub-channel Assignment Table (SAT). The mapping of PIDs to sub-channels may be changed dynamically.
• TS-packets with different PIDs may be transmitted over the same DAB sub-channel.
• The DAB IPDC transport mechanism requires sub-channels of equal size to ensure correct packet order at the
receiver.
• Each sub-channel is protected according to TS 102 427 [8].
• The SAT is transmitted in MPEG-2 TS packets over the primary sub-channel of the DAB IPDC Service. It
contains all information to identify the sub-channels which must be decoded in order to receive all packets of a
certain PID.
• If the SAT is corrupted or missing, the receiver may decode all sub-channels of the DAB IPDC Service
including the packets with PIDs that are not required.
• All packets common to all applications in the MPEG-2 TS such as PSI/SI and SAT shall be transmitted in the
primary sub-channel of the DAB IPDC Service.
• Other common data packets like EPG information should be transmitted in the primary sub-channel. The
primary sub-channel may also be used to carry other application data of IPDC Services.
• The location of the primary sub-channel within the DAB multiplex is described in clause 6.
• The non-primary sub-channels should be decoded only upon request if they contain packets of a required PID
for a consumed IPDC Service.
4.5 Power saving
Power saving can be achieved by two means:
• macro time slicing
• micro time slicing
For macro time slicing as shown in Figure 5 (left), A/V programmes are transmitted in time multiplex using all
sub-channels during the active time. During the period, where no packets of the currently consumed A/V programme
are transmitted, the demodulator and channel decoder can be switched off.
For micro time slicing see Figure 5 (right) all A/V programmes are transmitted in parallel, and every programme
occupies only a subset of the available sub-channels. Those sub-channels, which are not used by the currently consumed
programme can be switched off.
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12 ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)
Subch. 1 Subch. 2 Subch. 3 Subch. 4 Subch. 1 Subch. 2 Subch. 3 Subch. 4
Frame 1 Frame 1
Frame 2 Frame 2
Frame 3 Frame 3
Frame 4 Frame 4
Frame 5 Frame 5
Frame 6 Frame 6
Frame 7 Frame 7
Frame 8 Frame 8
Frame 9 Frame 9
Frame 10 Frame 10
Frame 11 Frame 11
Frame 12 Frame 12
CU CUCU
Figure 5: Macro time slicing (left) and micro time slicing (right)
4.6 DAB IPDC service profiles
The DAB IPDC Service allows profiles for enabling applications with different requirements in terms of data rates and
complexity of implementation:
Profile 1: One sub-channel per DAB IPDC service. Maximum data rate 768 kbit/s. No SAT.
Profile 2: One to 11 sub-channels per DAB IPDC service. SAT transmitted for power saving using micro time slicing.
Maximum data rate per IPDC service 768 kbit/s.
Profile 3: Includes Profile 2, no restrictions on the maximum data rate.
Profile 4: Includes Profile 2 and adds macro time slicing capabilities.
5 Data transport in DAB IPDC systems
5.1 Usage of IPDC architecture
The defined IPDC architecture from the DVB-CBMS working group is used by DAB IPDC systems and it includes the
specification of:
• TS 102 470 [2] covers the usage of PSI/SI, the signalization of the IP Platform and the encapsulation of IP in
MPEG-2 TS over DVB-H Systems. Differences in relation to DAB IPDC are covered by the present document
in clause 5.3.
• A number of elementary use cases are provided in TR 102 473 [i.1] accomplished by requirements and data
flows.
• A reference architecture for IPDC service delivery over DVB-H is defined in TR 102 469 [i.2].
• The information of available services is provided by an Electronic Service Guide (ESG). The datamodel, the
representation format, the encapsulation and the transport of the ESG over DVB-H are defined in
TS 102 471 [3].
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13 ETSI TS 102 978 V1.1.1 (2008-07)
• The set of specification documents applicable to Service Purchase and Protection for IPDC Services over
DVB-H are defined in TS 102 474 [4].
• The Content Delivery Protocols for streaming and file delivery services in IPDC over DVB-H are defined in
TS 102 472 [5].
5.2 IP Transport
The IP Packets are transported over Multi Protocol Encapsulation (MPE) in MPEG-2 sections. For locating the
MPEG-2 sections the PSI/SI table INT contains the mapping of the IP address to the corresponding DAB IPDC Service.
Transporting IP over MPEG is described in the DVB specification for data broadcasting [17] and the usage of MPEG
PSI/SI tables is described in ISO/IEC 13818-1 [11] and TR 101 211 [i.3].
5.3 Transport stream PSI/SI specification
The following rules are applied at the transmitter side:
• PSI/SI sections shall be located in the primary sub-channel of the DAB IPDC service.
• A Program Association Table (PAT) shall describe only one program, and its transmission period shall be no
greater than 500 ms.
• A single Program Map Table (PMT) shall describe the whole IP Platform with its transported MPEG Services.
• A special method for efficient transmission of PMT sections can be used which is specified in clause 5.3.1.
• The transmission period of the PMT section, including PMT sections using the efficient transmission method
specified in clause 5.3.1, shall be no greater than 500 ms, see Figure 7.
• The transmission period of original PMT packets with the PMT_PID given in the PAT shall be no greater than
17 times the PAT transmission period, see Figure 7.
5.3.1 Efficient transmission of PSI/SI and SAT sections
This method can be used for transmitting a PSI/SI/SAT section if either:
a) PAT packets (i.e. TS packets with PID 0) contain an adaptation field which does not contain private data bytes
and the total number of padding bytes contained in that adaptation field and following the PAT section is
greater than the length of that PSI/SI/SAT section; or
b) PAT packets do not contain an adaptation field and the number of padding bytes following the PAT section is
greater than the length of that PSI/SI/SAT section plus 3.
For case A, the existing adaptation field shall be extended; for case B, an adaptation field shall be inserted.
For all
...