ETSI TS 103 786 V1.1.1 (2020-12)

Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment; Dynamic energy performance measurement method of 5G Base Station (BS)

DTS/EE-EEPS39

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: EE EEPS - EE Eco Environmental Product Standards
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 30-Nov-2020
• Completion Date: 09-Dec-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TS 103 786 V1.1.1 (2020-12)






TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Measurement method for
energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment
Dynamic energy performance measurement method of 5G
Base Station (BS)

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2 ETSI TS 103 786 V1.1.1 (2020-12)



Reference
DTS/EE-EEPS39
Keywords
5G, base station, energy efficiency, KPI, NR
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3 ETSI TS 103 786 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Assessment method . 10
5 Reference configurations and Measurement conditions . 10
5.1 Reference configurations . 10
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements . 11
5.2.1 Test equipment requirements . 11
5.2.2 BS Configuration . 12
5.2.3 Transmit Signal and RF output power . 12
5.2.4 UE Emulator requirements and settings . 12
5.2.5 Environmental conditions . 12
5.2.6 Power supply . 13
6 Energy performance measurement . 13
6.1 General . 13
6.2 Energy efficiency performance KPI Definition . 13
6.3 Energy efficiency performance measurement . 14
6.3.1 Measurement lab setup . 14
6.3.2 UE distribution . 14
6.3.3 Data traffic model . 15
6.3.4 Measurement Time Definition . 16
6.3.5 Low traffic model . 16
6.3.6 Medium traffic model . 16
6.3.7 Busy-hour traffic model . 16
6.3.8 Data volume measurement . 16
6.3.9 Power and Energy Consumption Measurement . 17
6.3.10 Energy Consumption measurement . 17
6.3.11 Base Station Energy Efficiency KPI . 18
6.3.12 UE quality of service KPI . 18
7 Uncertainty . 18
8 Measurement report . 18
Annex A (normative): Test Reports . 19
A.1 General information to be reported . 19
A.2 Base Station Energy Performance report . 20
Annex B (normative): Reference parameters for NR system . 22
Annex C (normative): Data Traffic Model . 23
C.1. Data Traffic Model . 23
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4 ETSI TS 103 786 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
C.2 Measured data for BS Energy Performance KPI calculation . 24
Annex D (normative): Uncertainty assessment . 25
D.1 General requirements . 25
D.2 Components contributing to uncertainty . 26
D.2.1 Contribution of the measurement system . 26
D.2.1.1 Uncertainty Tree description. 26
D.2.1.2 Measurement equipment (dynamic) . 26
D.2.1.3 Attenuators, cables (dynamic) . 26
D.2.1.4 UE emulator (dynamic) . 26
D.2.2 Contribution of physical parameters. 26
D.2.2.1 Impact of environmental parameters (dynamic) . 26
D.2.2.2 Impact of path loss(dynamic). 27
D.2.2.3 Data volume (dynamic) . 27
D.2.3 Variance of device under test . 27
D.3 Uncertainty assessment . 27
D.3.1 Combined and expanded uncertainties . 27
D.3.2 Cross correlation of uncertainty factors . 28
D.3.3 Maximum expanded uncertainty . 28
Annex E (informative): Bibliography . 29
History . 30


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5 ETSI TS 103 786 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Increasing of energy consumption and the related cost has been one of the key questions among the whole industry
depending on energy and specially in our context the telecom operators while energy consumption cost is one of the
main contributors to their OPEX. Despite the increasing of the OPEX, the environmental aspect in terms of CO2
emission has been one of the most debated subjects within global warming discussions. Energy efficiency is one of the
critical factors of the modern telecommunication systems.
In mobile telecom industry the energy consumption of the access network is the dominating part of the wireless telecom
network energy consumption. Therefore, the core network and the service network are not considered in the present
document. In a radio access network, the energy consumption of the Base Station is dominating.
In context of 5G, one is often talking about three classes of use cases: enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive
Machine-Type Communication (mMTC) and Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC). eMBB
corresponds to a more or less straightforward evolution of the mobile broadband services of today, enabling even larger
data volumes and further enhanced user experience, higher end-user data rates while mMTC and URLLC correspond to
services characterized by a massive number of devices and services with very low latency and extremely high reliability
respectively.
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6 ETSI TS 103 786 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
The present document defines the dynamic measurement method for evaluation energy performance of 5G radio base
stations with respect to only eMBB use case. Dynamic measurement method for evaluation energy performance of 5G
radio base stations with respect to mMTC and URLLC is subjected for further study and will be handled in the later
version of the present document. Due to the dynamic nature of eMBB service it may be very difficult or impossible to
show gains of some Base Station features that improve energy efficiency using static method alone. Compared to static,
dynamic method strives to give more realistic estimates of Base Station's energy consumption.
BS efficiency energy performance under dynamic traffic load conditions: the BS capacity under dynamic traffic load
provided within a defined coverage area and the corresponding energy consumption are measured for given reference
configurations.

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7 ETSI TS 103 786 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
1 Scope
The present document covers the following radio access technology:
• 5G NR
The methodology described in the present document is to measure base station dynamic energy performance. Within the
present document, it is referred to dynamic measurement.
The results based on dynamic measurements of the BS provide energy performance information for BS with dynamic
loads.
The present document covers only enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) use case of 5G. Other use cases such as
massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC) and Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) will
be subjected for future version of the present document.
Energy consumption of terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document however, how a
user equipment (UE) affects a base station energy performance will be considered for further study.
The scope of the present document is not to define target values for the power consumption nor the energy performance
of equipment.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the energy performance of complete base stations.
Wide Area Base Stations are covered in the present document.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 2: -48 V Direct Current
(DC)".
[2] ETSI EN 300 132-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 1: Alternating Current (AC)".
[3] ETSI EN 300 132-3: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment; Part 3: Operated by rectified current source,
alternating current source or direct current source up to 400 V".
[4] ETSI TS 138 211: "5G; NR; Physical channels and modulation (3GPP TS 38.211)".
[5] ETSI TS 138 104: "5G; NR; Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP
TS 38.104)".
[6] ETSI TS 138 141-1: "5G; NR; Base Station (BS) conformance testing Part 1: Conducted
conformance testing (3GPP TS 38.141-1)".
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8 ETSI TS 103 786 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
[7] IEC/ISO Guide 98-3 or equivalent GUM:2008/JCGM 100:2008: "Evaluation of measurement data
- Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement".
NOTE: Available at http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ISO/IEC 17025: "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories".
[i.2] IEC 62018: "Power consumption of information technology equipment - Measurement methods".
NOTE: Equivalent to CENELEC EN 62018.
[i.3] ETSI ES 202 706-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Metrics and measurement method for
energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment; Part 1: Power Consumption - Static
Measurement Method".
[i.4] 3GPP TR 36.873: "3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio
Access Network; Study on 3D channel model for LTE".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
Base Station (BS): radio access network component which serves one or more radio cells and interfaces the user
terminal (through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure
BS test control unit: unit which can be used to control and manage BS locally in a lab
busy hour load: period during which occurs the maximum total load in a given 24-hour period
distributed BS: BS architecture which contains remote radio heads (i.e. RRH) close to antenna element and a central
element connecting BS to network infrastructure
efficiency: relation between the useful output (telecom service, etc.) and energy consumption of the BS
integrated BS: BS architecture in which all BS elements are located close to each other; for example, in one single
cabinet
NOTE: The integrated BS architecture may include Tower Mount Amplifier (TMA) close to antenna.
low load: lowest generated traffic during the dynamic measurement period
medium load: medium load between the lowest and buy hour load generate during the dynamic measurement period.
power saving feature: software/hardware feature in a BS which contributes to decrease power consumption
static measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different radio resource configurations with
pre-defined and fixed load levels (ETSI ES 202 706-1 [i.3])
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9 ETSI TS 103 786 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
UE group: group of UEs whose path losses to the BS are identical
Wide Area Base stations: Base Station characterized by requirements derived from Macro Cell scenarios with a BS to
UE minimum coupling loss equals to 70 dB and having a rated output power (PRAT) above 38 dBm, where the Rated
output power, PRAT, of the BS is the mean power level per carrier for BS operating in single carrier, multi-carrier, or
carrier aggregation configurations that the manufacturer has declared to be available at the antenna connector during the
transmitter ON period according to 3GPP standardization ETSI TS 138 104 [5] for NR
3.2 Symbols
Void.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
BS Base Station
DC Direct Current
DL DownLink
DUT Device Under Test
EC Energy for Central part
ERRH Energy for Remote Radio Part
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
GUM Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
HW HardWare
JCGM Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LTE Long Term Evolution
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NR New Radio
NSA Non-StandAlone
OPEX Operating Expense
PBCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDF Probability Density Function
PRB Physical Resource Block
PSS Primary Synchronizing Signal
RF Radio Frequency
RMSI Remaining Minimum System Information
RRH Remote Radio Head
RX Receiver
SA StandAlone
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SIB System Information Block
SS Synchronization Signals
SSB Synchronization Signal Block
SSS Secondary Synchronizing Signal
SW SoftWare
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TDD Time Division Duplex
TMA Tower Mount Amplifier
TX Transmitter
UE User Equipment
UL UpLink
URLLC Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication
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4 Assessment method
The assessment method is covering the BS equipment dynamic efficiency for which the present document defines
reference BS equipment configurations and reference load levels to be used when measuring BS efficiency.
The assessment procedure contains the following tasks:
1) Identification of equipment under test:
1.1 Identify BS basic parameters (table A.1 in annex A).
1.2 List BS configuration (annex B).
1.3 List traffic load(s) for measurements (annex C).
1.4 List of used power saving features and capacity enhancement features.
2) Efficiency measurement under dynamic load conditions, Measure BS equipment delivered task in terms of bits
and the consumed energy under required conditions (see clause 6).
3) Collect and report the efficiency measurement results.
5 Reference configurations and Measurement
conditions
5.1 Reference configurations
The BS equipment is a network component which serves a number of user equipment within a specific coverage area
over an air interface. A BS interfaces user equipment (through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure.
Reference configurations are defined annex B.
These configurations include integrated and distributed BS, mast head amplifiers, remote radio heads, RF feeder cables,
number of carriers, number of sectors, power range per sector, frequency range, diversity, MIMO.
The BS shall be tested with its intended commercially available configuration at temperatures defined in clause 5.2.5. It
shall be clearly reported in the measurement report if the BS cannot be operated without additional air-conditioning at
the defined temperatures.

Figure 1: Integrated BS model (Example)
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11 ETSI TS 103 786 V1.1.1 (2020-12)

Figure 2: Distributed BS model (Example)
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements
5.2.1 Test equipment requirements
The measurement of the power consumption shall be performed by either measuring the power supply voltage and true
effective current in parallel and calculate the resulting power consumption (applicable only for DC) or with a wattmeter
(applicable for both AC and DC). The measurements can be performed by a variety of measurement equipment,
including power clamps, or power supplies with in-built power measurement capability.
All measurement equipment shall be calibrated and shall have data output interface to allow long term data recording
and calculation of the complete power consumption over a dedicated time.
The measurement equipment shall comply with following attributes:
• Input power:
- Resolution: ≤ 10 mA; ≤ 100 mV; ≤ 100 mW.
- DC current: ±1 %.
- DC voltage: ±1 %.
- AC power: ±1 %.
 An available current crest factor of 5 or more.
 The test instrument shall have a bandwidth of at least 1 kHz.
NOTE: Additional information on accuracy can be found in IEC 62018 [i.2].
• RF output power accuracy: ±0,4 dB.
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12 ETSI TS 103 786 V1.1.1 (2020-12)
5.2.2 BS Configuration
The BS shall be tested under normal test conditions according to the information accompanying the equipment. The BS,
test configuration and mode of operation (baseband, control and RF part of the BS as well as the software and firmware)
shall represent the normal intended use and shall be recorded in the test report.
The BS shall be tested with its typical configuration. In case of multiple configurations, a configuration with 3 sectors
shall be used. Examples: a typical wide area BS configuration consists of three sectors and shall therefore be tested in a
three-sector configuration.
If a BS is designed for dual or single sector applications, it shall be tested in its designed configuration.
The connection to the simulator via the BS controller interface shall be an electrical or optical cable-based interface
(e.g. PCM, SDH, and Ethernet) which is commercially offered along with the applied BS configuration.
Additional power consuming features like battery loading shall be switched off.
The used power saving features and SW version shall be listed in the measurement report.
The measurement report shall mention the configuration of the BS for example the type of RF signal combining
(antenna network combining, air combining or multi-carrier).
5.2.3 Transmit Signal and RF output power
The maximum RF transmit power that the base station under test is capable of shall be reported.
The base station under
...