ETSI GR mWT 022 V1.1.1 (2021-04)

Analysis of Spectrum, License Schemes and Network Scenarios in the RF bands above 174,8 GHz

DGR/mWT-0022

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: mWT - millimetre Wave Transmission
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 22-Apr-2021
• Completion Date: 19-Apr-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

GROUP REPORT
Analysis of Spectrum, License Schemes and
Network Scenarios in the RF bands above 174,8 GHz
Disclaimer
The present document has been produced and approved by the millimetre Wave Transmission (mWT) ETSI Industry
Specification Group (ISG) and represents the views of those members who participated in this ISG.
It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership.

2 ETSI GR mWT 022 V1.1.1 (2021-04)

Reference
DGR/mWT-0022
Keywords
mWT, regulation
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ETSI
3 ETSI GR mWT 022 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Executive summary . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Terms . 10
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 RF bands related studies . 11
4.1 Highlights . 11
4.2 Frequency allocation . 11
4.2.0 Generalities . 11
4.2.1 ITU-R Radio Regulations . 11
4.2.2 CEPT . 14
4.2.3 Radio-frequency channel arrangements . 14
4.3 Activities for Recommendation ITU-R WRC 19 . 14
4.3.1 ITU-R . 14
4.3.2 CEPT position . 14
4.3.3 WRC-19 Results . 15
4.4 Activities for WRC-23/WRC-27 . 15
5 Propagation characteristics of the RF bands above 174,8 GHz . 15
6 Applications/possible interest for industry . 17
6.1 Highlights . 17
6.2 Fixed Service applications . 17
6.3 Passive service applications . 18
6.4 Earth exploration-satellite service . 18
6.5 Land mobile service applications . 18
6.6 Radio Astronomy service applications . 19
6.7 Space Research service applications . 19
6.8 Short Range Devices (SRDs) . 19
7 Existing deliverables . 20
7.1 Highlights . 20
7.2 Spectrum monitoring (ITU-R SG1) . 20
7.3 Propagation aspects (ITU-R SG3) . 21
7.4 Terrestrial (ITU-R SG5) . 21
7.4.1 Generalities . 21
7.4.2 Equipment . 21
7.4.3 Antennas . 22
7.5 Satellite, broadcast (ITU-R SG4, ITU-R SG6) . 22
7.6 Passive, science, space (ITU-R SG7) . 22
7.7 ETSI . 22
7.8 CEPT . 22
7.9 IEEE . 22
7.10 Short Range Device (SRD) - APT . 23
7.11 Coexistence studies . 23
8 Future Applications in mm-wave Radio. 23
ETSI
4 ETSI GR mWT 022 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
8.1 Use Cases and Possible Applications . 23
8.2 Requirements . 24
8.3 Duplexing considerations . 25
8.4 Preferred licensing regimes for bands above 174,8 GHz . 26
9 Projects . 26
10 First Prototypes and Early Deployment . 26
11 Technology aspects . 27
11.1 Highlights . 27
11.2 Active devices . 27
12 Waveguides . 29
13 Antennas . 29
14 Summary and Conclusions . 29
Annex A: Earth Exploration Satellite Service applications specs . 30
Annex B: Licensing and regulation . 31
B.1 Licensing regimes description . 31
B.1.1 Highlights . 31
B.1.2 Link by link licensing . 31
B.1.3 Frequency block assignment . 31
B.1.4 Light-licensed FWS . 31
B.1.5 License-exempt FWS . 32
Annex C: Bibliography . 33
History . 34

ETSI
5 ETSI GR mWT 022 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The declarations
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to
ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI Web server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
essential to the present document.
Trademarks
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ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
DECT™, PLUGTESTS™, UMTS™ and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its

Members. 3GPP™ and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP
Organizational Partners. oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the ®
oneM2M Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
Foreword
This Group Report (GR) has been produced by ETSI Industry Specification Group (ISG) millimetre Wave
Transmission (mWT).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive summary
The present document provides information about RF frequency range above 174,8 GHz, which have not been
specifically addressed by an FS related deliverable by ETSI, nor any frequency plan is available by CEPT/ITU-R.
The analyses include an overview of normative status, regarding current status, foreseen activities for the Radio
Conferences (clause 4), existing deliverables from various SDOs (clause 5), propagation characteristics (clause 6). In
clause 7, a description of possible applications is provided, in clause 8 an overview of possible future applications is
addressed.
Trials and projects are subjects of clauses 9 and 10, while clause 11 deals with licensing, suggesting a flexible regime as
appropriate to cover this frequency range. Finally, clause 12 provides some technology related information.
ETSI
6 ETSI GR mWT 022 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
Introduction
Within the scope of telecommunication, frequency bands above 170 GHz are not yet being commercially exploited nor
fully covered by standards from all Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs).
The frequency band allocation in Article 5 of the ITU-R Radio Regulations [i.1] is shown in table 1, for the Fixed
Service, which is allocated as primary in all the three Regions in RF bands 191,8-200 GHz, 209-217 GHz,
217-226 GHz, 231,5-232 GHz, 232-235 GHz, 238-240 GHz, 240-241 GHz, 252-265 GHz 265-275 GHz.
Table 1: ITU Table of Frequency Allocation (Radio Regulations 2016) -
RF sub bands allocated to FS as primary service
Allocation to services
Band [GHz] Region 1 - Region 2 - Region 3 Width [GHz]
191,8-200 FIXED 8,2
209-217 FIXED 8
217-226 FIXED 9
231,5-232 FIXED 0,5
232-235 FIXED 3
238-240 FIXED 2
240-241 FIXED 1
252-265 FIXED 13
265-275 FIXED 10
ETSI
7 ETSI GR mWT 022 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
1 Scope
The present document is intended to provide an analysis of Spectrum, License Schemes and Network Scenarios in the
RF bands above 174,8 GHz, including current activities ongoing, foreseen applications and available documents
addressing frequency ranges above the current D band, to support possible utilization of these frequencies by FS in next
future.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ITU-R Radio Regulations 2016.
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REG-RR-2016.
[i.2] Recommendation ITU-R F.699: "Reference radiation patterns for fixed wireless system antennas
for use in coordination studies and interference assessment in the frequency range from 100 MHz
to 86 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-F.699/en.
[i.3] Recommendation ITU-R F.1245: "Mathematical model of average and related radiation patterns
for line-of-sight point-to-point fixed wireless system antennas for use in certain coordination
studies and interference assessment in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 86 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-F.1245/en.
[i.4] Recommendation ITU-R F.1336: "Reference radiation patterns of omnidirectional, sectoral and
other antennas for the fixed and mobile service for use in sharing studies in the frequency range
from 400 MHz to about 70 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-F.1336/en.
[i.5] Report ITU-R F.2323: "Fixed service use and future trends".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-F.2323-1-2017.
[i.6] Report ITU-R F.2416: "Technical and operational characteristics and applications of the
point-to-point fixed service applications operating in the frequency band 275-450 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-F.2416-2018.
[i.7] Report ITU-R M.2417-0: "Technical and operational characteristics of land-mobile service
applications in the frequency range 275-450 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-M.2417-2017.
ETSI
8 ETSI GR mWT 022 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
[i.8] Recommendation ITU-R P.525-4 (08/2019): "Calculation of free-space attenuation".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.525-4-201908-I/en.
[i.9] Recommendation ITU-R P.530-17 (12/2017): "Propagation data and prediction methods required
for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.530-17-201712-I/en.
[i.10] Recommendation ITU-R P.676-12: "Attenuation due to atmospheric gases".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.676-12-201908-I/en.
[i.11] Recommendation ITU-R P.837: "Characteristics of precipitation for propagation modelling".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.837/en.
[i.12] Recommendation ITU-R P.838-3: "Specific attenuation model for rain for use in prediction
methods".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.838-3-200503-I/en.
[i.13] Recommendation ITU-R P.840-8 (08/2019): "Attenuation due to clouds and fog".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.840-8-201908-I/en.
[i.14] Recommendation ITU-R P.1238-10 (08/2019): "Propagation data and prediction methods for the
planning of indoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency
range 900 MHz to 100 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.1238-10-201908-I/en.
[i.15] Recommendation ITU-R P.1411-10 (08/2019): "Propagation data and prediction methods for the
planning of short-range outdoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the
frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-P.1411-10-201908-I/en.
[i.16] Report ITU-R P.2406-1: "Studies for short-path propagation data and models for terrestrial
radiocommunication systems in the frequency range 6 GHz to 450 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-P.2406-1-2019.
[i.17] Report ITU-R RA.2189: "Sharing between the radio astronomy service and active services in the
frequency range 275-3 000 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-RA.2189-1-2018.
[i.18] Recommendation ITU-R RA.1860: "Preferred frequency bands for radio astronomical
measurements in the range 1-3 THz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-RA.1860-0-201001-I/en.
[i.19] Report ITU-R RS 2194: "Passive bands of scientific interest to EESS/SRS from 275 to
3 000 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-RS.2194-2010.
[i.20] Report ITU-R RS.2431: "Technical and operational characteristics of EESS (passive) systems in
the frequency range 275-450 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-RS.2431-2019.
[i.21] Report ITU-R SM.2352-0: "Technology trends of active services in the frequency range
275-3 000 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-SM.2352-2015.
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9 ETSI GR mWT 022 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
[i.22] Report ITU-R SM.2450-0: "Sharing and compatibility studies between land-mobile, fixed and
passive services in the frequency range 275-450 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/pub/R-REP-SM.2450-2019.
[i.23] ETSI White Paper No. 15 (July 2016): "mmWave Semiconductor Industry Technologies: Status
and Evolution".
NOTE: Available at
http://www.etsi.org/images/files/ETSIWhitePapers/etsi_wp15_mwt_semiconductor_technology.pdf.
[i.24] ETSI TR 103 498: "System Reference document (SRdoc); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra
Wide Band (UWB); Transmission characteristics; Technical characteristics for SRD equipment
using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Radiodetermination application within the frequency
range 120 GHz to 260 GHz".
NOTE: Available at
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103400_103499/103498/01.01.01_60/tr_103498v010101p.pdf.
[i.25] CEPT Report 70: "In response to the EC Permanent Mandate on the "Annual update of the
technical annex of the Commission Decision on the technical harmonisation of radio spectrum for
use by short range devices".
NOTE: Available at https://docdb.cept.org/document/9684.
[i.26] Recommendation ERC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
NOTE: Available at https://docdb.cept.org/download/25c41779-cd6e/Rec7003e.pdf.
[i.27] ERC Report 25: "The European table of frequency allocations and utilisations in the frequency
range 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://docdb.cept.org/download/2ca5fcbd-4090/ERCReport025.pdf.
[i.28] IEEE Std 802.15.3™-2017: "IEEE Standard for High Data Rate Wireless Multi-Media Networks -
- Amendment 1: High-Rate Close Proximity Point-to-Point Communications".
NOTE: Available at https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7942281.
[i.29] ETSI GR mWT 018: "Analysis of Spectrum, License Schemes and Network Scenarios in the
W-band".
NOTE: Available at
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_gr/mWT/001_099/018/01.01.01_60/gr_mWT018v010101p.pdf.
[i.30] Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2019/1345 of 2 August 2019 amending Decision
2006/771/EC updating harmonised technical conditions in the area of radio spectrum use for short-
range devices.
NOTE: Available at https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec_impl/2019/1345/oj.
[i.31] APT/AWG/REP-66(Rev.1): "Short range radiocommunication systems and application scenarios
operating in the frequency range 275 - 1000 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.apt.int/sites/default/files/APT-AWG-REP-66Rev.1_SRD_System_in_275-
1000GHZ.docx.
[i.32] Recommendation ITU-R F.758: "System parameters and considerations in the development of
criteria for sharing or compatibility between digital fixed wireless systems in the fixed service and
systems in other services and other sources of interference".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-F/recommendation.asp?lang=en&parent=R-REC-F.758.
[i.33] ITU-R Resolution 731 (REV.WRC 19): "Consideration of sharing and adjacent-band compatibility
between passive and active services above 71 GHz".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/net/ITU-R/conferences/docs/ties/res-731-en.pdf.
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[i.34] CPM Report to the 2019 World Radiocommunication Conference.
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/md/meetingdoc.asp?lang=en&parent=R16-WRC19-C-0003.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
Void.
3.2 Symbols
Void
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AI Agenda Item
APT Asia Pacific Telecommunity
BBU Baseband Unit
BER Bit Error Ratio
BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying
BS Base Station
BW BandWidth
CPM Conference Preparatory Meeting
DHBT Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor
ECA European Common Allocation
EESS Earth Exploration Satellite Service
EIA Electronic Industries Alliance
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FS Fixed Service
FWS Fixed Wireless System
HBT Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor
HEMT Hi Electron Mobility Transistor
IMT International Mobile Telecommunications
ISS Inter-Satellite Service
JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
LMS Land Mobile Systems
LO Local Oscillator
LOS Line Of Sight
LPR Level Probing Radars
LTE Long Term Evolution
MAC Media Access Control
nLOS near Line Of Sight
NLOS Non Line Of Sight
PHY Physical Layer
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
RA Radio Astronomy
RAS Radio Astronomy Service
RF Radio Frequency
RR Radio Regulations
RRH Remote Radio Head
SDO Standards Developing Organization
SOI Silicon On Insulator
SRD Short Range Device
TDD Time Division Duplex
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11 ETSI GR mWT 022 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
TWTA Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifier
UWB Ultra Wide Band
WLAN Wireless LAN
WRC World Radio Conference
4 RF bands related studies
4.1 Highlights
In the search for more spectrum, all wireless applications are already using higher frequencies than the traditional
microwave bands, and the use of will increase. The frequency bands above 174,8 GHz are under consideration for large
volume applications supporting services that require high speed and huge bandwidths.
4.2 Frequency allocation
4.2.0 Generalities
RF bands allocation to various services, including Fixed Service (FS), by the ITU-R Radio Regulations 2016 [i.1], in
the bands above 174,8 GHz, are shown in table 2, followed by related footnotes.
It should be considered that the overall range contains some fragmentation, such as the extension of continuous sub-
bands allocated to FS presents a spread from 0,5 GHz to 13 GHz, depending on frequency intervals. Such
fragmentation, which is aligned with ITU-R Radio Regulations [i.1] should be, kept into account, when considering
possibility to use wide continuous RF bands to provide very high transmission capacities in future.
4.2.1 ITU-R Radio Regulations
ITU-R Radio Regulations [i.1] is the highest level document containing provisions which are applied worldwide. They
are revised by the WRC conferences, which are held every 4 years. Between most important provisions for the
radiocommunication services, they contain, in Article 5, the allocation of frequency ranges to the various services,
indicating their priority (name in uppercase letters indicate that the service is primary in that band, lowercase letters
means secondary service in that band). Frequency intervals can be allocated to one or more services, with same for
different status.
Table 2 shows the frequency ranges where FS is allocated as primary, together with the other services which are also
allowed to use same frequency intervals, with their state. Just below the table, footnotes are reported, as indicated in the
table, where additional info can be found.
Table 2: ITU Table of Frequency Allocation (Radio Regulations 2016 [i.1])
Allocation to services
Band [GHz] Region 1 - Region 2 - Region 3
174.8-182 EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)
INTER-SATELLITE 5.562H
SPACE RESEARCH (passive)
182-185 EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)
RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH (passive)
5.340
EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)
185-190
INTER-SATELLITE 5.562H
SPACE RESEARCH (passive)
EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)
190-191.8
SPACE RESEARCH (passive)
5.340
FIXED
191.8-200
INTER-SATELLITE
MOBILE 5.558
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12 ETSI GR mWT 022 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
Allocation to services
Band [GHz] Region 1 - Region 2 - Region 3
MOBILE-SATELLITE
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE
5.149 5.341 5.554
200-209 EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)
RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH (passive)
5.340 5.341 5.563A
209-217 FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
RADIO ASTRONOMY
5.149 5.341
217-226 FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH (passive) 5.562B
5.149 5.341
226-231.5 EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)
RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH (passive)
5.340
231.5-232 FIXED
MOBILE
Radiolocation
FIXED
232-235
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
Radiolocation
235-238 EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
SPACE RESEARCH (passive)
5.563A 5.563B
238-240 FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (space-to-Earth)
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE
240-241 FIXED
MOBILE
RADIOLOCATION
RADIO ASTRONOMY
241-248
RADIOLOCATION
Amateur
Amateur-satellite
5.138 5.149
248-250 AMATEUR
AMATEUR-SATELLITE
Radio astronomy
5.149
EARTH EXPLORATION-SATELLITE (passive)
250-252
RADIO ASTRONOMY
SPACE RESEARCH (passive)
5.340 5.563A
252-265 FIXED
MOBILE
MOBILE-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
RADIO ASTRONOMY
RADIONAVIGATION
RADIONAVIGATION-SATELLITE
265-275 FIXED
FIXED-SATELLITE (Earth-to-space)
MOBILE
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13 ETSI GR mWT 022 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
Allocation to services
Band [GHz] Region 1 - Region 2 - Region 3
RADIO ASTRONOMY
275-3000 (Not allocated) 5.565

Footnotes related to table 2
5.138 The following bands: 6 765-6 795 kHz (centre frequency 6 780 kHz), 433.05-434.79 MHz (centre frequency 433.92 MHz) in Region 1 except in
the countries mentioned in No. 5.280, 61-61.5 GHz (centre frequency 61.25 GHz), 122-123 GHz (centre frequency 122.5 GHz), and 244-246 GHz
(centre frequency 245 GHz)are designated for industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) applications. The use of these frequency bands for ISM
applications shall be subject to special authorization by the administration concerned, in agreement with other administrations whose
radiocommunication services might be affected. In applying this provision, administrations shall have due regard to the latest relevant
Recommendation ITU-Rs.
5.149 In making assignments to stations of other services to which the bands: 13 360-13 410 kHz, 25 550-25 670 kHz, 37.5-38.25 MHz, 73-74.6 MHz
in Regions 1 and 3, 150.05-153 MHz in Region 1, 322-328.6 MHz, 406.1-410 MHz, 608-614 MHz in Regions 1 and 3, 1 330-1 400 MHz, 1 610.6-
1 613.8 MHz, 1 660-1 670 MHz, 1 718.8-1 722.2 MHz, 2 655-2 690 MHz, 3 260-3 267 MHz, 3 332-3 339 MHz, 3 345.8-3 352.5 MHz, 4 825-
4 835 MHz, 4 950-4 990 MHz, 4 990-5 000 MHz, 6 650-6 675.2 MHz, 10.6-10.68 GHz, 14.47-14.5 GHz, 22.01-22.21 GHz, 22.21-22.5 GHz, 22.81-
22.86 GHz, 23.07-23.12 GHz, 31.2-31.3 GHz, 31.5-31.8 GHz in Regions 1 and 3, 36.43-36.5 GHz, 42.5-43.5 GHz, 48.94-49.04 GHz, 76-86 GHz,
92-94 GHz, 94.1-100 GHz, 102-109.5 GHz, 111.8-114.25 GHz, 128.33-128.59 GHz, 129.23-129.49 GHz, 130-134 GHz, 136-148.5 GHz, 151.5-
158.5 GHz, 168.59-168.93 GHz, 171.11-171.45 GHz, 172.31-172.65 GHz, 173.52-173.85 GHz, 195.75-196.15 GHz, 209-226 GHz, 241-250 GHz,
252-275 GHz are allocated, administrations are urged to take all practicable steps to protect the radio astronomy service from harmful interference.
Emissions from spaceborne or airborne stations can be particularly serious sources of interference to the radio astronomy service (see Nos. 4.5 and
4.6 and Article 29). (WRC-07)
5.340 All emissions are prohibited in the following bands: 1 400-1 427 MHz, 2 690-2 700 MHz, except those provided for by No. 5.422, 10.68-
10.7 GHz, except those provided for by No. 5.483, 15.35-15.4 GHz, except those provided for by No. 5.511, 23.6-24 GHz, 31.3-31.5 GHz, 31.5-
31.8 GHz, in Region 2, 48.94-49.04 GHz, from airborne stations 50.2-50.4 GHz2, 52.6-54.25 GHz, 86-92 GHz, 100-102 GHz, 109.5-111.8 GHz,
114.25-116 GHz, 148.5-151.5 GHz, 164-167 GHz, 182-185 GHz, 190-191.8 GHz, 200-209 GHz, 226-231.5 GHz, 250-252 GHz. (WRC-03)

5.341 In the bands 1 400-1 727 MHz, 101-120 GHz and 197-220 GHz, passive research is being conducted by some countries in a programme for the
search for intentional emissions of extraterrestrial origin.

5.554 In the bands 43.5-47 GHz, 66-71 GHz, 95-100 GHz, 123-130 GHz, 191.8-200 GHz and 252-265 GHz, satellite links connecting land stations at
specified fixed points are also authorized when used in conjunction with the mobile-satellite service or the radionavigation-satellite service.
(WRC-2000)
5.558 In the bands 55.78-58.2 GHz, 59-64 GHz, 66-71 GHz, 122.25-123 GHz, 130-134 GHz, 167-174.8 GHz
and 191.8-200 GHz, stations in the aeronautical mobile service may be operated subject to not causing harmful interference to the inter-satellite
service (see No. 5.43). (WRC-2000)

5.562B In the bands 105-109.5 GHz, 111.8-114.25 GHz, 155.5-158.5 GHz and 217-226 GHz, the use of this allocation is limited to space-based radio
astronomy only. (WRC-2000)
5.563A In the bands 200-209 GHz, 235-238 GHz, 250-252 GHz and 265-275 GHz, ground-based passive atmospheric sensing is carried out to
monitor atmospheric constituents. (WRC-2000)

5.563B The band 237.9-238 GHz is also allocated to the Earth exploration-satellite service (active) and the space research service (active) for
spaceborne cloud radars only. (WRC-2000)
5.564A For the operation of fixed and land mobile service applications in frequency bands in the range 275-450 GHz:
The frequency bands 275-296 GHz, 306-313 GHz, 318-333 GHz and 356-450 GHz are identified for use by administrations for the implementation of
land mobile and fixed service applications, where no specific conditions are necessary to protect Earth exploration-satellite service (passive)
applications.
The frequency bands 296-306 GHz, 313-318 GHz and 333-356 GHz may only be used by fixed and land mobile service applications when specific
conditions to ensure the protection of Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) applications are determined in accordance with Resolution 731
(Rev.WRC-19).
In those portions of the frequency range 275-450 GHz where radio astronomy applications are used, specific conditions (e.g. minimum separation
distances and/or avoidance angles) may be necessary to ensure protection of radio astronomy sites from land mobile and/or fixed service
applications, on a case-by-case basis in accordance with Resolution 731 (Rev.WRC-19).
The use of the above-mentioned frequency bands by land mobile and fixed service applications does not preclude use by, and does not establish
priority over, any other applications of radio services in the range of 275-450 GHz. (WRC-19)

5.565 The following frequency bands in the range 275-1 000 GHz are identified for use by administrations for passive service applications:
– radio astronomy service: 275-323 GHz, 327-371 GHz, 388-424 GHz, 426-442 GHz, 453-510 GHz, 623-711 GHz, 795-909 GHz and 926-945 GHz;
– Earth exploration-satellite service (passive) and space research service (passive): 275-286 GHz, 296-306 GHz, 313-356 GHz, 361-365 GHz, 369-
392 GHz, 397-399 GHz, 409-411 GHz, 416-434 GHz, 439-467 GHz, 477-502 GHz, 523-527 GHz, 538-581 GHz, 611-630 GHz, 634-654 GHz, 657-
692 GHz, 713-718 GHz, 729-733 GHz, 750-754 GHz, 771-776 GHz, 823-846 GHz, 850-854 GHz, 857-862 GHz, 866-882 GHz, 905-928 GHz, 951-
956 GHz, 968-973 GHz and 985-990 GHz.
The use of the range 275-1 000 GHz by the passive services does not preclude use of this range by active services. Administrations wishing to make
frequencies in the 275-1 000 GHz range available for active service applications are urged to take all practicable steps to protect these passive
services from harmful interference until the date when the Table of Frequency Allocations is established in the above-mentioned 275-1 000 GHz
frequency range.
All frequencies in the range 1 000-3 000 GHz may be used by both active and passive services. (WRC-12)

ETSI
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4.2.2 CEPT
ERC Report 25 [i.27] contains the European table of frequency allocations and applications, in the frequency range
8,3 KHz to 3 000 GHz (ECA table). It is derived from the ITU-R Radio Regulations [i.1].
Currently, no allocation to any service is foreseen for frequencies higher than 275 GHz, although a note that the use for
active and passive services is possible.
4.2.3 Radio-frequency channel arrangements
At the moment, while channels plans are available from CEPT for W and D- bands, based on 250 MHz-wide basic RF
channels, no channel plan is currently available for RF ranges above 174,8 GHz.
TM
IEEE Std 802.15.3d -2017 [i.28] includes a channel plan for RF range 252,72 to 321,84 GHz, where basic slots are
integer multiple of 2 160 MHz, between 2,16 GHz and 69,12 GHz.
4.3 Activities for Recommendation ITU-R WRC 19
4.3.1 ITU-R
Frequencies higher than 174,8 GHz have been considered during period 2016-2019 by ITU-R, for possible amendments
of the RR, under WRC-19 Agenda item 1.15.
This agenda item was aimed to identify spectrum for Land Mobile Service (LMS) and Fixed Service (FS) applications
in the 275-450 GHz frequency range while maintaining protection of the existing Earth Exploration Satellite Service
(EESS) (passive) and Radio Astronomy Service (RAS) applications.
Compatibility studies concluded that atmospheric attenuation at 275-450 GHz is not sufficient to provide compatibility
between FS and RAS operations in the absence of other considerations. Separation distances and/or avoidance angles
between RAS stations and FS stations should be considered depending on the deployment environment of FS stations. It
was assumed that for the RAS studies, FS also covered the case for LMS.
Methods to satisfy the agenda item
After analyses of studies summarized in Report ITU-R SM.2450 [i.22], seven different proposals (so called "methods")
have been proposed in the CPM Report [i.34] to be discussed as bases for ITU-R Radio Regulations [i.1] modifications,
by WRC-19, including no change, definition of frequency ranges not requiring specific constraints to protect EESS
(passive), regulatory solutions to protect passive services.
4.3.2 CEPT position
CEPT supported the inclusion of a new footnote to Article 5 of the ITU-R Radio Regulations [i.1] identifying the
following frequency bands for fixed and mobile service applications in the range 275-450 GHz while maintaining the
protection of the passive services identified in note 5.565:
• 275-296 GHz
• 306-313 GHz
• 318-333 GHz
• 356-450 GHz
With a total bandwidth of 137 GHz proposed to be identified above 275 GHz, CEPT stresses that this is exceeding the
assessed spectrum requirements of 50 GHz for the land mobile and fixed services, each (with possibility of overlap).
In particular, the band 356-450 MHz provides a large contiguous bandwidth of 94 GHz and, with the 23 GHz already
allocated to land mobile and fixed services in the lower adjacent band 252-275 GHz, the identification of the band
275-296 GHz also allows for providing a large contiguous bandwidth of 44 GHz.
ETSI
15 ETSI GR mWT 022 V1.1.1 (2021-04)
4.3.3 WRC-19 Results
Following main results of the WRC-19 are of interest of frequency ranges addressed by the present document:
• Frequency bands as indicated by CEPT were agreed to be inserted in a new note 5.564A in Article 5, related to
the operation of fixed and land mobile service applications in frequency bands in the range 275-450 GHz.
• Resolution 731 [i.33], referred in
...