ETSI TS 102 866 V1.1.1 (2014-07)

Integrated Broadband Cable Telecommunication Networks (CABLE); Cable Equipment Operations within its Frequency Band

DTS/CABLE-00001

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Jul-2014
• Technical Committee: CABLE WG2 - HFC Distribution, Installation, Operational Best Practices
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 10-Jul-2014
• Completion Date: 04-Jul-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TS 102 866 V1.1.1 (2014-07)






TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Integrated Broadband Cable
Telecommunication Networks (CABLE);
Cable Equipment Operations within its Frequency Band

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI TS 102 866 V1.1.1 (2014-07)



Reference
DTS/CABLE-00001
Keywords
CABLE, IPCable, IPv6
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: [phone] Fax: [phone]

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2014.
All rights reserved.

TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 ETSI TS 102 866 V1.1.1 (2014-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Symbols . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 7
4 Cable Network Architecture Characteristics . 8
4.1 RF Spectrum Usage . 9
4.1.1 Analogue television . 9
4.1.2 Digital Television . 10
4.1.3 Internet (EuroDOCSIS) . 10
4.1.4 Telephony . 10
5 Signal characteristics and protection criteria . 10
5.1 Protection analogue TV signals as per EN 60728-1 . 10
5.2 Protection digital television signals (DVB-C) as per EN 60728-1 . 11
5.3 Protection digital signals (DVB-C as used for EuroDOCSIS) . 12
5.4 Important remarks on signal characteristics . 13
6 Emission limits of new broadband radio services (e.g. LTE) . 13
6.1 General calculation of maximum radiate NRS interference on CATV systems . 14
6.1.1 Methodology for calculation of NRS interference . 15
6.1.2 Determination of shielding effectiveness . 16
6.1.2.1 Passive cable equipment shielding effectiveness . 16
6.1.2.2 Coaxial cable shielding effectiveness. 17
6.1.2.3 Device shielding effectiveness . 17
6.1.2.4 System shielding effectiveness . 17
6.1.3 Resulting NRS TS interference on cable system . 18
6.1.3.1 Case I: Typical Rx level vs. Shielding effectiveness . 18
6.1.3.2 Case II: High shielding vs. Receive level. 19
6.1.3.3 Case III: Worst shielding and best coupling vs. Receive level. 20
6.1.4 Remarks on the NRS bandwidth . 22
7 Experimental evidence of interference . 22
7.1 Carl-T Jones Corporation, TVBD direct pickup interference tests, 2009 . 22
7.2 LTE interference test, Kolberg Germany, December 2009 . 23
8 Summary of impact to non-radio end-user equipment . 23
History . 25

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
4 ETSI TS 102 866 V1.1.1 (2014-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Integrated broadband cable
telecommunication networks (CABLE).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "may not", "need", "need not", "will",
"will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms
for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
As written in the scope the signal characteristics are defined across the operating frequency and in accordance with
network equipment built to European standards.
Clause 4 gives an overview of the cable network system architecture characteristics to support delivery of a wide range
of digital entertainment and informational programming via the use of a hybrid fibre/coaxial network. It provides details
of the frequency allocation and usage for digital television signals carried on the cable plant using channelization
though different modulation. This clause presents also characteristcis of the various signals delivered to the non-radio
end user equipment for fixed broadcasting and broadband electronic communication services, in particular those
services delivered by cable operators in Europe, analogue television, digital television, telephony and high speed data
(internet).
Clause 5 gives details of the signal characteristics of European CATV systems and their protection criteria in terms of
the minimum and maximum signal levels and the signal to noise level thresholds before the desired signal is disturbed
to a level that impacts its reception by the non-radio end user equipment for fixed broadcasting and broadband
electronic communication services. Three instances of harmful interference from new radio services (NRS) operating in
the frequency bands occupied currently by cable networks is considered , the first is between the NRS and coaxial part
of the network (both in-home and external), the second is defined between the NRS system and a remote cable headend
receiver and the third type of interference is defined from the NRS system on the non-radio end user equipment itself
(e.g. cable modem, settopbox, digital cable receivers, etc.).
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
5 ETSI TS 102 866 V1.1.1 (2014-07)
Clause 6 gives calculation methods in terms of the limits of unwanted signals and their relevant characteristcis that can
influence the reception of the delivered signal by the cable network to non-radio end user equipment for fixed
broadcasting and broadband electronic communication services. Equations are derived based on noise margins and
maximum interference levels for calculations of acceptable limits across different operating frequency ranges and
modulations. The limits derived are based on the characteristcis of cable distribution networks built according to
European standards and industry best practices. Calculations of maximum EIRP limits for no degradable service (dBm)
i.e. to mitigate impact to the non-radio end user equipment for fixed broadcasting and broadband electronic
communication services are presented in relation to the distance between the radio transmitter and cable system. The
graphs given present typical use cases with modulation and signal maximum and minimum levels as operated by
European cable networks.
Clause 7 contains references to experiments that are representative as realistic situations with respect to the calculated
results.
Clause 8 gives a summary of the potential impact from new radio services operating within the frequency bands
currently used by cable networks to non-radio end user equipment for fixed broadcasting and broadband electronic
communication services.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 ETSI TS 102 866 V1.1.1 (2014-07)
1 Scope
The present document defines the transmitted signal characteristcis delivered across a HFC cable network to the
customer network interfaces distributed within the home network received and processed by the consumer end terminals
for reception of multimedia services.
The signal characteristics are defined across the operating frequency and in accordance with network equipment built to
European standards.
The present document provides valuable input to engineers and developers containing the technical basis to take into
account when developing harmonized technical conditions for new radio services operating in the same frequency range
as currently occupied by cable distribution networks.
It presents the technical basis for coexistence between these new radio services and existing non-radio end-user
equipment for fixed broadcasting and broadband electronic communication services, specifically those services
delivered by European cable based systems (PAL/SECAM, DVB-C, Euro-DOCSIS).
The impact to non-radio end user equipment for fixed broadcast and broadband electronic communication services is
given in terms of the operational characteristics of the wanted signals and tolerable limits of the unwanted signals as a
factor of the distance between them before the unwanted interfering signal will disrupt the end users equipment for
fixed broadcasting and broadband electronic communication services (e.g. digital and analogue television, internet high
speed data and telephony services).
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] CENELEC EN 60728-1: "Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services - Part 1: System performance of forward paths".
NOTE: This European Standard supersedes EN 50083-7:1996 + A1:2000 + corrigendum August 2007.
[2] ETSI TS 102 639-2: "Access and Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Third
Generation Transmission Systems for Interactive Cable Television Services - IP Cable Modems;
Part 2: Physical Layer [ITU-T Recommendation J.222.1 (07/2007), modified]".
[3] Recommendation ITU-T J.222.1: "Third-generation transmission systems for interactive cable
television services - IP cable modems: Physical layer specification".
[4] CENELEC EN 50083-2: "Cable networks for television signals, sound signals and interactive
services = Part2: Electromagnetic compatibility for equipment".
[5] CENELEC EN 50117-2-1:2005+A1:2008: "Coaxial cables - Part 2-1: Sectional specification for
cables used in cabled distribution networks - Indoor drop cables for systems operating at 5 MHz -
3000 MHz".
[6] CENELEC EN 50289-1-6:2002: "Communication cables - Specifications for test methods -
Part 1-6: Electrical test methods - Electromagnetic performance".
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 ETSI TS 102 866 V1.1.1 (2014-07)
[7] CENELEC EN 55020: "Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment -
Immunity characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement".
[8] CISPR 20: "Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment - Immunity
characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement".
[9] G531/01077/09: "Measurement Report: Immunity of integrated TV receivers, settop boxes and
data-modems connected to broadband cable and TV networks against radiation from LTE user
equipment". .
[10] PG ESKM: Final Report - Project Group: "Investigation of EMC scenarios cable/radio with
mobile applications in the frequency range 470 MHz to 862 MHz" of the EMC group of the
ATRT.
[11] Carl T. Jones Testing 2008/2009: "Carl-T Jones, TVBD direct pickup interference tests, 2009".
[12] ETSI EN 300 429: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and
modulation for cable systems".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
Not applicable.
3 Symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dB decibel
dBm decibel-milliwatt
dBmV decibel-millivolt
dBuV decibel microvolt
dBuV/m decibel microvolt per meter
E [V/m] electric field in Volts/meter
k [1/m] Antenna factor for half wavelength dipole
MHz Mega Hertz
Ohm SI unit of electrical resistance
U [V] induced voltage in volts
W Watts
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
BER Bit Error Rate
BS Base Station
C/I Carrier to Interference
C/N Carrier to Noise
CATV Cable Television
CISPR Comité international spécial des perturbations radioélectriques
CM Cable Modem
CMTS Cable Modem Termination System
DVB-C Digital Video Broadcasting for Cable
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 ETSI TS 102 866 V1.1.1 (2014-07)
ESKM EMC Scenario's Cable and Mobile
Euro-DOCSIS European Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification
FEC Forward Error Correction
FM Frequency Modulation
HE Headend
HFC Hybrid Fibre Coax
IP Internet Protocol
LTE Long Term Evolution
MPEG2 Motion Picture Experts Group 2
NCTA National Cable & Telecommunications Association
NRS New Radio Services
NTSC National Television System Committee
ON Optical Node
PAL Phase Alternative Line
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PG ESKM Project Group EMC Scenario's Cable and Mobile
PG Project Group
PID Packet Identifier
PSI/SI Program Specific Information/Service Information
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
RF Radio Frequency
SECAM Sequential Color With Memory
STB Settopbox
TDM Time Division Multiplexing
TS Terminal Station
TS Transport Stream
TV Television
TVBD Television Band Device
UE User Equipment
US Upstream
USA United States of America
VOD Video on Demand
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
WSD White Space Device
4 Cable Network Architecture Characteristics
The architecture of an HFC network is shown in figure 1. A digital backbone is used to bring the different signals to the
headends (HE in the figure). From each headend fibers are used to connect to the different optical nodes in the field.
The part between the headend and optical node is shown in more detail in figure 2.

Figure 1: Architecture of cable network
Logically, two fibers are used between each node and the headend. One for the downstream (forward) signal and one
for the upstream (return) signal. It is possible to also carry multiple signals over a single fiber using techniques like
WDM.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
9 ETSI TS 102 866 V1.1.1 (2014-07)

Figure 2: HFC-part of cable operator network
On the coaxial part of the network, both the upstream and downstream signals are present. By using a different
frequency band, it is possible to use bidirectional electrical amplifiers in the coaxial part of the network. In the coaxial
part, taps are used to bring the signal to each individual household. The upstream spectrum that is used in Europe goes
from 5 to 65 MHz. In the downstream the frequencies between 87,5 MHz up to 1 002 MHz are used. Coaxial cables
used in CATV networks have a characteristic impedance of 75 Ohm.
4.1 RF Spectrum Usage
The spectrum in the downstream is used for the delivery of different services to the households:
• Analogue Television and FM radio.
• Digital Television (including VOD).
• Internet (IP).
• Telephony (runs over IP).
In CATV networks signals for analogue TV, digital TV and EuroDOCSIS (IP) are placed in the cable frequency
spectrum one next to the other without causing interference to each other. It is important to note that due to the
broadcast nature of a cable network the full spectrum is typically occupied.
An example of a possible spectrum allocation is shown in figure 3.

Figure 3: Example spectrum usage
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
10 ETSI TS 102 866 V1.1.1 (2014-07)
4.1.1 Analogue television
In Europe, analogue television is offered using PAL or SECAM modulation, PAL and SECAM are analogue
modulation techniques. One TV-channel occupies 7 or 8 MHz of bandwidth. Operators typically offer a significant
number of analogue TV channels (30 or more). The biggest advantage of analogue television is that users only need a
TV-set, and as such can easily (inexpensively) watch television on multiple sets.
Analogue television channels can be located anywhere in the RF spectrum from 108 up to 862 MHz.
4.1.2 Digital Television
Digital Television includes both broadcast digital TV and Video-on-Demand services. DVB-C is the technology used
on cable networks for the transmission of the signal on the cable. DVB-C defines the digital modulation technique
(QAM) and Forward Error Correction. The FEC-scheme is fixed and is Reed-Solomon with 16 bytes for error
correction/detection per 188 useful bytes. As modulation 64QAM and 256QAM are used. The bandwidth used for a
DVB-C signal is 8 MHz. This corresponds to a raw bitrate of about 42 Mbit/s for 64QAM and about 56 Mbit/s for
256QAM. The DVB-C system (framing structure, channel coding and modulation) is described in EN 300 429 [12].
The content of this bitstream is called an MPEG2 transport stream (TS). Within such a transport stream multiple
TV-channels are present, packets of the different channels are multiplexed in this stream. Each packet has an identifier
(PID) that identifies to which stream it belongs. Within this stream, special packets (predefined PIDs) are used to also
transport signaling information (PSI/SI) to the receivers. These packets also contains information on where other
streams are located, which programs are available.
Digital television channels can be located anywhere in the RF spectrum from 108 up to 1 002 MHz.
4.1.3 Internet (EuroDOCSIS)
Internet services in a cable network are provided over EuroDOCSIS technology. EuroDOCSIS uses the same
modulation techniques as digital television (i.e. DVB-C with 64QAM or 256QAM). The cable modem termination
system (CMTS) is the device located in the headend that generates the downstream signals and receives the upstream
signals. In EuroDOCSIS one or more downstream channels (each 8 MHz) are used to transport data and signaling
packets to the cable modems. Cable modems share the bandwidth of these channels. Up to EuroDOCSIS 2.0 a cable
modem is only demodulating a single downstream channel of 8 MHz (note that this is still shared with other modems).
With EuroDOCSIS 3.0 channel bonding is used, with this technology a single modem can use multiple (currently
typically 4 to 8) downstream channels at the same time, these are of course still shared with other modems. The
downstream channels are placed in the same spectrum as digital television and can be allocated anywhere in the RF
spectrum from 108 MHz up to 862 MHz. EuroDOCSIS 3.0 defines the frequency space above 862 MHz and up to
1 002 MHz as an option.
For the return path EuroDOCSIS uses the frequency spectrum between 5 and 65 MHz. Modems are assigned upstream
channels to use by the CMTS. A single upstream channel is shared in a TDM-way by different modems, the CMTS acts
as the master and controls which modem is allowed to transmit at what time.
4.1.4 Telephony
Telephony in a cable network is provided over IP. As such it runs on top of EuroDOCSIS. This means that if the
EuroDOCSIS system is not functional, telephony will not be functional anymore as well.
5 Signal characteristics and protection criteria
This clause provides an overview and requirements of the signal characteristics of European CATV systems. The
minimum, maximum and typical signal levels together with their required signal-to-noise ratio shall be specified and are
determining factors when a maximum tolerated noise level is defined.
Once this noise level is reached in the band of the desired signal (which is considered 8 MHz bandwidth in the present
document), either as a result of background noise in the CATV network or induced by a LTE transmitter, the service
will be disturbed.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
11 ETSI TS 102 866 V1.1.1 (2014-07)
The threshold levels shall be defined in terms of a noise level which, if reached, will render the quality of the services
provided to a level which is unacceptable.
5.1 Protection analogue TV signals as per EN 60728-1
Depending on the S/N level at the TV receiver the picture quality will degrade. For analogue TV picture quality is
function of the power level in the main carrier versus the noise in the relevant bandwidth (typically called Carrier to
Noise C/N), and the power level of the carrier with respect to a smallband interferer (typically called Carrier to
Interference, C/I).
Operational requirements for analogue television signals shall be in accordance with the requirements defined in
CENELEC EN 60728-1 [1].
The minimum and maximum signal levels for analogue television at the system outlet shall be in accordance with
requirements defined in CENELEC EN 60728-1 [1]. These values shall be valid for a system with 8 MHz spacing and
more than 20 channels.
Table 1: Minimum and maximum system outlet levels as per EN 60728-1 [1]
System Minimum level Maximum level
PAL/SECAM -3 dBmV 17 dBmV

For an analogue television system used in Europe following minimum distance between noise signal and desired signal
are required:
Table 2: Minimum carrier-to-noise and interference as per EN 60728-1 [1]
C/N random noise C/I smallband interferer
> 44 dB > 57 dB

With a receive level of 0 dBmV a NRS interfering signal shall not impact the CATV network service such that the noise
level exceeds s 0 – 44 = -44 dBmV/8MHz.
If the interferer signal would be smallband then a value of -57 dBmV shall be respected. With LTE signals not
classified to be as smallband interference, then -44 dBmV shall be taken as the representative threshold level.
The following table shows the result of combining the receive levels with the required C/N ratio of 44 dB. The
minimum and maximum power levels shall be as defined in EN 60728-1 [1], noting the typical level is purely
indicative.
Table 3: Minimum and maximum system outlet levels as per EN 60728-1 [1]
Signal level  Maximum noise level
[dBmV/8MHz] [dBmV/8MHz]
Min level:   -3 -3 – 44 = -47
Typical level: 5 -39
Max level:   17 -27

5.2 Protection digital television signals (DVB-C) as per
EN 60728-1
The minimum and maximum power levels for digital television signals (DVB-C) shall be as defined in CENELEC
EN 60728-1 [1] and as included in the table below.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
12 ETSI TS 102 866 V1.1.1 (2014-07)
Table 4: Minimum and maximum system outlet levels as per EN 60728-1 [1]
System Minimum level Maximum level
DVB-C 64 QAM -13 dBmV 7 dBmV
DVB-C 256 QAM -6 dBmV 14 dBmV

Furthermore the CENELEC EN 60728-1 [1] shall define requirements for the signal-to-noise ratio of the DVB-C
signals. The values assume simultaneous distribution of analogue and digitally modulated signals. Furthermore these
values assume that intermodulation noise is not present or can be neglected and a BER of 10^-4 before Reed-Solomon
decoder is achieved.
Table 5: S/N requirements for digital television (DVB-C) signals
System Minimum S/N ratio
[dB]
DVB-C 64 QAM 26
DVB-C 256 QAM 32

Based upon the minimum S/N requirements and system outlet signal levels the maximum noise level without service
degradation can be calculated and is presented in the table below. A NRS shall be engineered such that any interference
from the NRS does not result i
...