ETSI TR 103 774 V1.1.1 (2022-02)

System Reference document (SRdoc); Short Range Devices (SRD): Technical Characteristics for Radio Equipment used for power transfer and communication with associated peripheral devices using the 917,5 MHz RFID interrogator channel

DTR/ERM-597

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: ERM - EMC and Radio Spectrum Matters
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 05-Nov-2021
• Completion Date: 11-Feb-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 774 V1.1.1 (2022-02)






TECHNICAL REPORT
System Reference document (SRdoc);
Short Range Devices (SRD):
Technical Characteristics for Radio Equipment used for power
transfer and communication with associated peripheral
devices using the 917,5 MHz RFID interrogator channel

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2 ETSI TR 103 774 V1.1.1 (2022-02)

Reference
DTR/ERM-597
Keywords
RFID, SRdoc, transmission, WPT
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ETSI

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3 ETSI TR 103 774 V1.1.1 (2022-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Executive summary . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Comments on the System Reference Document . 9
4.1 Statements by ETSI members . 9
5 Presentation of the system or technology . 11
5.1 The Technology . 11
5.2 Principle of Operation . 12
6 Market information. 14
6.1 General . 14
7 Technical information . 15
7.1 Detailed technical description . 15
7.1.1 General . 15
7.1.2 Contact charging . 15
7.1.3 Short distance charger Charging . 16
7.2 Technical parameters and implications on spectrum use. 16
7.2.1 Status of technical parameters . 16
7.2.1.0 EC and ECC documents . 16
7.2.1.1 Existing sharing and compatibility studies . 16
7.2.1.2 New Sharing and compatibility issues . 17
7.2.2 Transmitter parameters . 17
7.2.2.1 Transmitter Output Power/Radiated Power . 17
7.2.2.2 Antenna Characteristics . 17
7.2.2.3 Operating Frequency . 18
7.2.2.4 Bandwidth . 18
7.2.2.5 Unwanted Emissions . 18
7.2.2.6 Transmitter Timing . 18
7.3 Information on relevant standard(s) . 18
8 Radio spectrum request and justification . 18
9 Regulations . 19
9.1 Current regulations . 19
9.2 Proposed Regulation and Justification . 19
Annex A: Proposed Spectral Mask and Frequency . 20
Annex B: Plots of Devices . 21
B.1 Typical Spectrum Mask plots . 21
B.2 Typical decay of field strength with distance . 22
ETSI

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4 ETSI TR 103 774 V1.1.1 (2022-02)
Annex C: Bibliography . 23
History . 24


ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 103 774 V1.1.1 (2022-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
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pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to
ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
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Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
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referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
essential to the present document.
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Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document includes necessary information to support the co-operation under the MoU between ETSI and the
Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications.
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive summary
This System Reference document seeks to allow a new use case for the 917,5 MHz channel, presently designated for
RFID as per CEPT ERC Recommendation 70-03 annex 11 [i.2] and also covered in ECC Report 200 [i.3].
Presently, four fixed channels in the frequency band 915 MHz to 921 MHz are identified for RFID. This request seeks
to use one of those channels (917,5 MHz) for a new purpose.
This new application uses a radiated radio frequency signal from a transmitter, for identifying the presence of a receiver
to be charged or powered; and then uses a similar signal at the same frequency for wireless power transmission.
Therefore, it is a form of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) with Wireless Power Transmission (WPT).
The equipment requires only a single RF channel to operate and one of the centre channels has been identified to
minimize interference with adjacent radio services.
ETSI

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6 ETSI TR 103 774 V1.1.1 (2022-02)
The present document includes the necessary information to support the co-operation between ETSI and the Electronic
Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations
(CEPT).
Introduction
The present document has been prepared to propose the use of Radio Equipment for power transmission and
communication with associated receiver devices, operating at 917,5 MHz.
This Radio Equipment differs from existing RFID systems by the type of communication between the transmitter and
receiver, and therefore does not fit within ETSI EN 302 208 [i.1] (latest edition).
The Radio Equipment within the scope of the present document uses low data rate in-band communication at
917,5 MHz.
The occupied bandwidth of the signal at 917,5 MHz is maintained within the existing spectrum mask for RFID. The
communication contained in the 917,5 MHz transmission is expected to be used by the transmitter to identify the
presence of a receiver device; or by the receiver to identify the presence of a transmitter device.
The application is intended for indoor use to meet the radio characteristics already prescribed by CEPT ERC
Recommendation 70-03 [i.2], annex 11, as used by the RFID systems within the scope of ETSI EN 302 208 [i.1] i.e. a
maximum ERP of 4 Watts and a maximum occupied bandwidth of 400 kHz. These parameters are as specified in ECC
Report 200 [i.3].

ETSI

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7 ETSI TR 103 774 V1.1.1 (2022-02)
1 Scope
The present document describes technical characteristics of Radio Equipment used for power transfer and
communication with associated peripheral devices using the 917,5 MHz currently identified as an RFID interrogator
channel.
The present document contains the necessary information to support the possible co-existence and compatibility studies
if required, and to be conducted by the CEPT/ECC, including:
• Market information
• Technical information
• Regulatory issues
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long-term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document, but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EN 302 208 (V3.3.1): "Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the band
865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W and in the band 915 MHz to 921 MHz with
power levels up to 4 W; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum".
[i.2] CEPT ERC Recommendation 70-03 (23 October 2020): "Relating to the use of Short Range
Devices (SRD)".
[i.3] Addendum to ECC Report 200 (May 2020): "Additional co-existence studies between
SRDs/RFIDs and E-GSM-R in the 900 MHz frequency band".
NOTE: Available at https://docdb.cept.org/download/26ce1d81-
2a81/Addendum%20of%20ECC%20Report%20200.pdf.
[i.4] Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1538 of 11 October 2018 on the harmonisation of
radio spectrum for use by short-range devices within the 874-876 and 915-921 MHz frequency
bands.
[i.5] ECC Report 200: "Co-existence studies for proposed SRD and RFID applications in the frequency
band 870-876 MHz and 915-921 MHz".
[i.6] ERC report 25: "The European Table Of Frequency Allocations And Applications In The
Frequency Range 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz (ECA TABLE)".
[i.7] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.2.1): "Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of
Harmonised Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
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8 ETSI TR 103 774 V1.1.1 (2022-02)
[i.8] ETSI EN 303 659: "Short Range Devices (SRD) in Data Networks; Radio equipment to be used in
the frequency ranges 865-868 MHz and 915-919,4 MHz; Harmonised Standard for access to radio
spectrum".
[i.9] ECC Report 313: "Technical study for the coexistence between RMR in the 900 MHz range and
other applications in adjacent bands".
[i.10] CEPT/ERC/Recommendation 74-01E: "Spurious Emissions".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
client device: receiving end of the communication link e.g. mobile part/energy receiving part of the energy from the
transmitter, comprising the combination of an antenna, communication device and/or energy storage in one housing
contact charger: device where RF energy is generated and transferred by close coupling to the secondary (client
device) device by means of radiation to power a device, or to charge or re-charge the battery or energy source for a
device
load: See term for client device.
receiver: device that receives an RF signal or RF power transmission from a transmitter device
short distance charger: device where RF energy is generated and transferred by means of radio waves to power a
device, or to charge or re-charge the battery or energy source for a device where the operating distance is not expected
to be greater than 40 cm
transmitter: device that sends an RF signal and/or RF power to a receiver device
NOTE 1: The transmitter is made up of a combination of an individual antenna or antenna array, communication
device and/or connection to an AC power supply. The configuration is application specific.
NOTE 2: Other expressions: charger or charging pad.
Wireless Power Transmission (WPT): transmission of electrical energy from a power source (Transmitter) to an
electrical load (client device) via electric and/or magnetic fields or waves between a primary and a secondary device
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
E electric field strength
f frequency
P Power
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
®
BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
EAS Electronic Article Surveillance
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
ERC European Radiocommunications Committee
e.r.p/ERP Effective Radiated Power
ISM Industrial Scientific Medical
RF Radio Frequency
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9 ETSI TR 103 774 V1.1.1 (2022-02)
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
SRD Short Range Device
UHF Ultra High Frequency
WPT Wireless Power Transmission
4 Comments on the System Reference Document
4.1 Statements by ETSI members
ETSI members making comments should endeavour to reach consensus amongst themselves, to minimize the number
of comments. If consensus cannot be reached on a clause, then it is divided into two sections: one for the proponents
and one for comments on the text of the proponents. Such statements should be clearly attributable to the ETSI
member(s) making these statements.
ITRON:
"Some members expressed concern at the principle of using SRD communications bands for high power, far-field
wireless power transfer, given this band is not an ISM (Industrial Scientific and Medical) band, and in several
European countries is used for military and/or railway communications".
"Belgium, Finland, UK, Switzerland all only allow two RFID channels, and therefore this system would take out 50 %
over the capacity of the band, rendering RFID commercially worthless, and probably undermining the market in other
countries where three channels are available".
Ministry of Economic Affairs (Netherlands):
"The Netherlands is of the opinion that the frequency band 915-921 MHz and any other band outside the regular ISM
bands should not be used for beam WPT."
"All frequency ranges with telecommunications applications should be avoided, specially the 915-921 MHz and
870-876 MHz bands which are in use by military applications in The Netherlands."
"Also the deployment of these relatively high power devices cannot be compared with RFID and NAP's in these bands
and is likely incompatible."
"The ISM frequency bands 433.050-434.790 MHz, 2,400-2,483,5 GHz and 5,725-5,875 GHz as indicated in the radio
regulations may be used for that."
"We are also urging to use a low bandwidth in these bands typical 100 Hz or lower to avoid unnecessary interference to
Short range Device applications."
"Also using the high power charger signal to send telemetry about the charging process cannot be considered spectrum
efficient in our opinion."
Nedap N.V.:
"ETSI EN 302 208 defines the high band channels 3, 6, 9 and 12 in the range 916.1 to 920.9MHz.
Not all EU countries allow 4 channels. Many countries allow only 3 channels, or worst case only two channels
(Belgium ?)
This will result that for EAS systems when surrounded by a WPT system only one channel will be left, assuming that the
WPT channel cannot be used for RFID. For a correct operating EAS system at least 2 channels, but better 3 channels
shall be available."
"If WPT is employed on channel 6 in a store with the carrier 100% of the time on, almost certainly this channel cannot
be used anymore for EAS applications due to interference. This will reduce the overall performance of this EAS
application."
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10 ETSI TR 103 774 V1.1.1 (2022-02)
"Section 8.8 Conclusions states natural geographically separation. Especially in smaller stores this will probably not
be the case. In a store employing UHF RFID in the 916.1 to 920.9MHz band and WPT at channel 6 will very likely
interfere with the EAS system.
When there is a WPT channel active, the tags that receiving this will indeed be able to start up earlier, but due to the
high amount of power, these tags will not be able to receive any information from their base system."
AIM:
"Regarding the RFID testing the most relevant test is not performed, charging co-located at the same channel as the
RFID reader, also not tested if there is any interference to the other two RFID lowers channels from the charging
channel. Is there any interference to a RFID reader operating at 865-868MHz and a charger operating at the 917 MHz
range."
"There is no information on how the reader reports successful vs. failed read attempts, it is possible that the reader is
doing some smoothening or averaging of the results, hence even 10/10 doesn't mean that all the reads at the radio level
were successful."
"This is such a new use case, it will need additional studies and this should be acknowledged in the SRdoc, not just
claim it has the same interference potential as RFID."
"This is a nomadic application, only when in use it is fixed. It is not like (fixed) RFID. Needs studies."

"The EC Decision (EU) 2018/1538 is referring to radio devices as there are Non-specific short range devices, Wide
data transmission devices, RFID devices and not to Wireless Power Transfer.
NOTE: At this moment not clear what the density will be."
FEIG ELECTRONIC GmbH:
"No coexistence measurements were made with RFID readers operating on the EU upper band. There are only simple
tests with a reader that operates on the FCC band with hopping and a reader that operates in the EU lower band. The
present coexistence measurement is therefore not meaningful.
The coexistence measurement should be repeated with an RFID reader on the upper band. The RFID reader should be
operated on all channels of the upper band. Additionally, transponders from different manufacturers (e.g. NXP, Impinj,
Alien, .) should be used for the test."
Ericsson:
"Ericsson´s concerns about WPT in this frequency range: Expected density of these devices per household is high.
Active charging time during a day must be considered. Suggested power level 4 W is >10 dB higher than for a regular
UE in cellular communication. Because proposed frequency separation is much smaller, any UE duplex filter will have
less suppression of a blocker. Proposed spurious emission limit -36dBm/100 kHz is >20dB above the allowed UE
emissions in its own receiving band."
Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy/BMWi (Germany):
"BMWi is of the view that the frequency band 915-921 MHz should not be used for beam WPT applications."
"The frequency band 915-921 MHz is allocated to the mobile service (except aeronautical mobile service) on ITU level
(Region 1) and on CEPT level. Based on this allocation in a number of CEPT countries including Germany these bands
or parts thereof cannot be made available for SRD/RFID or WPT because of military radio applications and/or a
designation for railway communication systems (extended GSM-R bands). Sharing of SRDs/RFID with those incumbent
applications is in general not feasible (see ECC Report 200)."
Ministère de l'Economie et des Finances (France)
"The Ministère de l'Economie et des Finances (France) is of the view that the frequency band 915-921 MHz should not
be used for beam WPT applications."
"In fact, the band 915-919.4 MHz is EU harmonised for various SRD applications. Therefore, the use of beam WPT
applications in 915-919.4 MHz would compete with existing applications for spectrum access and have to coexist with
adjacent ones as RMR. In specific context, current regulatory framework includes particular provisions (usage may be
limited to professional users and subject to individual authorisation as to administer geographical sharing). Similar
provisions cannot be for mass market WPT devices and ISM band should be used for such applications."
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11 ETSI TR 103 774 V1.1.1 (2022-02)
ETSI TC RT:
• "The deployment of these high-power charging devices cannot be compared with regular/normal RFID
applications with much lower duty cycles in these bands and is likely to be incompatible with adjacent RMR
applications."
• "The use case for the proposed RF power transmission may differ significantly from that considered in
previous studies for the regular RFID devices. For example, the use in trains for charging traveler's wireless
device (mobile phones and various other consumer devices) and the growing availability of 230V ac power
sockets in trains for traveler usage may well increase the deployment density."
"This combined with the 100% duty cycle needs further co-existence analyses."
• "Existing sharing and compatibility studies in ECC Report 313 are highlighting for the GSM-R carrier at
919.6 MHz that in some worst-case scenarios, the GSM-R cab-radi
...