ETSI TS 102 165-1 V5.2.3 (2017-10)

CYBER; Methods and protocols; Part 1: Method and pro forma for Threat, Vulnerability, Risk Analysis (TVRA)

RTS/CYBER-0018

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Oct-2017
• Technical Committee: CYBER - Cyber Security
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 16-Oct-2017
• Completion Date: 17-Oct-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TS 102 165-1 V5.2.3 (2017-10)






TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CYBER;
Methods and protocols;
Part 1: Method and pro forma for Threat,
Vulnerability, Risk Analysis (TVRA)

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2 ETSI TS 102 165-1 V5.2.3 (2017-10)



Reference
RTS/CYBER-0018
Keywords
authentication, confidentiality, security

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3 ETSI TS 102 165-1 V5.2.3 (2017-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Definitions . 10
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 12
4 Introduction . 13
4.1 Role of TVRA . 13
4.2 Generic TVRA relationships . 16
4.3 Countermeasure strategies . 18
4.3.0 Overview of strategies . 18
4.3.1 Asset redesign . 18
4.3.2 Asset hardening . 18
4.4 Relationship with Common Criteria evaluation . 18
5 TVRA method . 19
5.1 Overview . 19
5.1.0 Introduction. 19
5.1.1 Target of Evaluation description . 21
5.1.1.0 Introduction . 21
5.1.1.1 Security environment . 21
5.1.1.2 Security objectives . 22
5.1.1.3 Security requirements. 23
5.1.1.3.1 The relationship between security objectives and security requirements . 23
5.1.1.3.2 Security requirements statements . 23
5.1.1.3.3 Interaction with ISO/IEC 15408 . 24
5.1.2 Threats and threat agents . 25
5.2 Actors and roles . 27
5.3 Rationale. 27
6 Method process . 27
6.1 Overview . 27
6.2 Step 1: Identification of Target Of Evaluation (TOE) . 28
6.3 Step 2: Identification of objectives . 29
6.4 Step 3: Identification of functional security requirements . 29
6.5 Step 4: Systematic inventory of the assets . 30
6.6 Step 5: Systematic identification of vulnerabilities and threat level . 32
6.6.0 Overview . 32
6.6.1 Identification of weakness . 32
6.6.2 Identification of a vulnerability . 32
6.6.3 Identification of attack method . 32
6.6.3.0 Introduction . 32
6.6.3.1 Assessment of the practicality . 32
6.6.3.1.0 Core assessment. 32
6.6.3.1.1 Knowledge factor . 33
6.6.3.1.2 Time factor . 33
6.6.3.1.3 Expertise factor . 34
6.6.3.1.4 Opportunity factor . 34
6.6.3.1.5 Equipment factor . 35
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4 ETSI TS 102 165-1 V5.2.3 (2017-10)
6.6.3.1.6 Intensity factor . 35
6.7 Step 6: Calculation of the likelihood of the attack and its impact . 37
6.8 Step 7: Establishment of the risks . 38
6.8.0 Overview . 38
6.8.1 Impact of intensity . 38
6.8.2 Classification of risk . 38
6.8.2.1 Overview . 38
6.9 Step 8: Security countermeasure identification . 39
6.9.0 Introduction. 39
6.9.1 Countermeasures in the system . 40
6.9.2 Composite countermeasures applied to the system . 40
6.9.3 Impact of composite countermeasures applied to the system . 40
6.10 Step 9: Countermeasure Cost-benefit analysis . 41
6.10.0 Introduction. 41
6.10.1 Standards design . 41
6.10.2 Implementation . 41
6.10.3 Operation . 41
6.10.4 Regulatory impact . 42
6.10.5 Market acceptance . 42
6.11 Step 10: Specification of detailed requirements . 42
Annex A (normative): TVRA pro forma . 43
Annex B (informative): The role of motivation . 44
Annex C: Void . 45
Annex D (informative): Denial of service attacks . 46
D.0 Introduction . 46
D.1 Void . 46
D.2 DDoS characteristics . 46
D.2.1 Introduction . 46
D.2.2 L2 DDoS attacks . 47
D.2.3 L3 DDoS attacks . 47
D.2.4 L4 DDoS attacks . 47
D.2.5 L7 DDoS attacks . 48
D.2a Difficulties of defence . 48
D.3 Defence against DDoS . 48
D.3.0 Overview . 48
D.3.1 Preventive Mechanisms . 49
D.3.1.0 Introduction. 49
D.3.1.1 Firewalling . 49
D.3.1.2 TCP anti-spoofing . 49
D.3.1.3 Traffic shaping . 49
D.3.1.4 Border Session Manager . 49
D.3.1.5 GeoIP blocking . 49
D.3.2 Reactive Mechanisms . 49
D.3.2.0 Introduction. 49
D.3.2.1 Signature detection mechanisms . 49
D.3.2.2 Anomaly detection mechanisms . 50
D.3.3 Void . 50
D.3.4 Information sharing schemes for prevention and reaction . 50
Annex E (informative): TVRA database structure . 51
E.1 Database structure . 51
E.2 SQL code for TVRA database . 53
E.2.0 Introduction . 53
E.2.1 Lookup tables . 53
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E.2.1a Lookup table initialization . 55
E.2.2 Core tables . 57
E.2.3 Linking tables . 58
E.2.4 Void . 59
Annex F: Void . 60
Annex G (informative): TVRA Risk Calculation Template and Tool . 61
Annex H (informative): TVRA Countermeasure Cost-Benefit Analysis Template and Tool . 62
Annex I (informative): Bibliography . 64
I.1 UML . 64
I.2 Others . 64
Annex J (informative): Change history . 65
History . 66


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6 ETSI TS 102 165-1 V5.2.3 (2017-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Cyber Security (CYBER).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering methods and protocols for security standardization,
as identified below:
Part 1: "Method and pro forma for Threat, Vulnerability, Risk Analysis (TVRA)";
Part 2: "Protocol Framework Definition; Security Counter Measures".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document is one of a set of documents that addresses standardization of security protocols and mechanisms
within the context of the eEurope 2005 programme and which, within ETSI, has been considered as a tool in the
"Design for Assurance" approach to achieving security in ICT systems. The suite of documents is composed as follows:
• ETSI EG 202 387 [i.1]: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced
Networking (TISPAN); Security Design Guide; Method for application of Common Criteria to ETSI
deliverables".
• ETSI ES 202 383 [i.23]: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced
Networking (TISPAN); Security Design Guide; Method and proforma for defining Security Targets".
• ETSI ES 202 382 [i.24]: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced
Networking (TISPAN); Security Design Guide; Method and proforma for defining Protection Profiles".
• ETSI TS 102 165-1: "CYBER; Methods and protocols; Method and pro forma for Threat,
Vulnerability, Risk Analysis (TVRA)" (the present document).
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7 ETSI TS 102 165-1 V5.2.3 (2017-10)
• ETSI TS 102 165-2 [i.25]: "CYBER; Methods and protocols; Protocol Framework Definition; Security
Counter Measures".
• ETSI TS 102 556 [i.5]: "Telecommunication and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced
Networking (TISPAN); Protection Profile".
• ETSI EG 202 549 [i.6]: "Telecommunication and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced
Networking (TISPAN); Design Guide; Application of security countermeasures to service capabilities".
These documents are developed based on the objectives of the eEurope programme and are also developed to ensure
they comply with the overall objectives of the European regulatory framework as defined in the following documents:
• Directive 2002/19/EC [i.16] of the European Parliament and of the council of 7 March 2002 on access to, and
interconnection of, electronic communications networks and associated facilities (Access Directive).
• Directive 2002/20/EC [i.17] of the European Parliament and of the council of 7 March 2002 on the
authorization of electronic communications networks and services (Authorization Directive).
• Directive 2002/21/EC [i.18] of the European Parliament and of the council of 7 March 2002 on a common
regulatory framework for electronic communications networks and services (Framework Directive).
• Directive 2002/22/EC [i.19] of the European Parliament and of the council of 7 March 2002 on universal
service and users' rights relating to electronic communications networks and services (Universal Service
Directive).
• Directive 2002/58/EC [i.20] of the European Parliament and of the council of 12 July 2002 concerning the
processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (Directive on
privacy and electronic communications).
The eEurope 2005 action plan has been drawn up to focus on "the widespread availability and use of broadband
networks throughout the Union … and the security of networks and information, eGovernment, eHealth and eBusiness"
requiring a supporting infrastructure, which is truly pan-European. To quote COM(2002)263 [i.8]: "By 2005 Europe
should have … a secure information infrastructure".
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8 ETSI TS 102 165-1 V5.2.3 (2017-10)
1 Scope
The present document defines a method primarily for use by ETSI standards developers in undertaking an analysis of
the threats, risks and vulnerabilities of an Information and Communications Technology (ICT) system.
NOTE: The method described has been tailored to apply to pre-production but can be applied to production
devices with due attention given to possibility that the application of countermeasures may be
unachievable for a re-design strategy.
The method described in the present document builds from the Common Criteria for security assurance and evaluation
defined in ISO/IEC 15408 [i.27], [i.28], [i.29] and specifically targets the means to build a Threat Vulnerability and
Risk Analysis (TVRA) to allow its reference by an ETSI specification developed using the guidelines given in ETSI
EG 202 387 [i.1] and ETSI ES 202 382 [i.24]. The TVRA forms part of the documentation set for the Target Of
Evaluation as specified in ETSI ES 202 382 [i.24] with its intended audience being a developer of standards based
Protection Profiles.
The use of the method described in the present document for application outside the "Design for Assurance" paradigm
described in ETSI EG 202 387 [i.1] is supported but some of the examples and stages of evaluation may not be
appropriate.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EG 202 387: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Security Design Guide; Method for application of Common
Criteria to ETSI deliverables".
[i.2] ETSI TR 187 011: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); NGN Security; Application of ISO-15408-2 requirements to
ETSI standards - guide, method and application with examples".
[i.3] ETSI TR 187 002: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); TISPAN NGN Security (NGN-SEC); Threat, Vulnerability and
Risk Analysis".
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9 ETSI TS 102 165-1 V5.2.3 (2017-10)
[i.4] ETSI TR 102 055: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); ENUM scenarios for user and infrastructure ENUM".
[i.5] ETSI TS 102 556: "Telecommuni
...