ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01)
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range; Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range; Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement
REN/ERM-TG31B-050-1
Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) - Naprave kratkega dosega - Cestna transportna in prometna telematika (RTTT) - Oprema za radar kratkega dosega, ki deluje v frekvenčnem območju 24 GHz - 1. del: Tehnične zahteve in merilne metode
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Short Range Devices - Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) - Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range - Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement35.240.60Uporabniške rešitve IT v transportu in trgoviniIT applications in transport and trade33.100.01Elektromagnetna združljivost na splošnoElectromagnetic compatibility in general33.060.99Druga oprema za radijske komunikacijeOther equipment for radiocommunicationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 302 288-1 Version 1.4.1SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1:2009en01-april-2009SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1:2009
ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01)European Standard (Telecommunications series) Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Short Range Devices;Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range;Part 1: Technical requirements andmethods of measurement SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01) 2
Reference REN/ERM-TG31B-050-1 Keywords radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00
Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2009. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights . 6 Foreword . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 References . 7 2.1 Normative references . 8 2.2 Informative references . 8 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9 3.1 Definitions . 9 3.2 Symbols . 10 3.3 Abbreviations . 11 4 Technical requirements specifications . 12 4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 12 4.1.1 Choice of model for testing . 12 4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 12 4.3 Auxiliary test equipment . 12 4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results . 12 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 13 5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 13 5.2 External test power source. 13 5.3 Normal test conditions . 13 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 13 5.3.2 Normal test power source . 13 5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 13 5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 13 5.4 Extreme test conditions . 14 5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 14 5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 14 5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 14 5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 14 5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 14 5.4.2.2 Other power sources . 14 6 General conditions . 14 6.1 Test fixture . 14 6.1.1 Requirements . 14 6.1.2 Calibration . 15 6.1.3 General requirements for RF cables. 17 6.1.4 Shielded anechoic chamber. 18 7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 19 7.1 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitters in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz band . 19 7.1.1 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 19 7.1.1.1 Definition . 19 7.1.1.2 Method of measurement . 19 7.1.1.3 Limits . 20 7.1.2 Maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) . 20 7.1.2.1 Definition . 20 7.1.2.2 Method of measurement . 20 7.1.2.3 Limits . 22 7.1.3 Maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) . 22 7.1.3.1 Definition . 22 7.1.3.2 Method of measurement . 22 7.1.3.3 Standard procedure and setup extensions . 23 7.1.3.4 Limits . 23 SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01) 4 7.1.4 Methods of measurement and limits for emissions in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz band . 24 7.1.4.1 Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) . 24 7.1.4.1.1 Definition. 24 7.1.4.1.2 Method of measurement . 24 7.1.4.1.3 Limits . 26 7.1.4.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 26 7.1.4.2.1 Definition. 26 7.1.4.2.2 Method of measurement for equipment not using FH modulation . 26 7.1.4.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment using pulsed FH modulation . 27 7.1.4.2.4 Limit . 27 7.1.5 Vertical plane transmitter emissions in the 23,6 GHz to 24 GHz range . 28 7.1.5.1 Definition . 28 7.1.5.2 Measurement procedure . 28 7.1.5.3 Vertical emission limits in the 23,6 GHz to 24,0 GHz range . 28 7.2 Radiated spurious and out-of-band emissions . 28 7.2.1 Definition . 28 7.2.2 Measuring receiver . 29 7.2.3 Method of measurement for radiated spurious or out-of-band emissions . 29 7.2.4 Limits . 30 8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 30 8.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 30 8.1.1 Definition . 30 8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions . 30 8.1.3 Limit . 31 9 Measurement uncertainty . 31 Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 32 A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 32 A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 32 A.2.1 Substitution antenna . 32 A.3 Indoor test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber . 32 A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber . 32 A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 34 A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber . 34 Annex B (normative): General description of measurement methods . 35 B.1 Radiated measurements . 35 B.2 Performance requirements for preamplifier and horn antenna . 36 B.3 Measurement of the residual carrier . 36 Annex C (informative): Example of modulation schemes. 37 C.1 Pseudo Noise Pulse Position Modulation (PN PPM) . 37 C.1.1 Definition . 37 C.1.2 Typical operation parameters . 38 C.2 Pulsed FH (Pulsed Frequency Hopping) . 38 C.2.1 Definition . 38 C.2.2 Typical operation parameters . 39 C.2.3 Additional requirements for pulsed FH equipment measurement . 39 C.2.3.1 Pulsed FH modulation . 39 C.2.3.2 Measurement requirements . 39 C.3 PN-2-PSK (Pseudo noise binary coded phase shift keying). 40 C.3.1 Definition . 40 C.3.2 Typical operation parameters . 41 SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01) 5 Annex D (normative): Installation requirements of 24 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR) systems . 42 Annex E (informative): Conversion of power density to e.i.r.p. 43 E.1 Assumptions . 43 E.2 Example . 43 Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 44 History . 45
SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01) 6 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes. Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to automotive EMC type approval and has to comply with Directive 95/54/EC [4]. For use on vehicles outside the scope of Directive 95/54/EC [4] compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required. The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices, Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range, as identified below: Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement"; Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 22 January 2009 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 April 2009 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
31 October 2009 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 October 2009
SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01) 7 1 Scope The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices (SRD) working as broadband devices with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz frequency range intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications, such as automotive 24 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR) for e.g. obstacle detection, stop and go, blind spot detection, parking aid, backup aid, precrash and other automotive applications. The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in a temporary frequency designation under the 24 GHz ECC decision CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10 [i.7]. The application is also subject to the EU Commission decision on 24 GHz SRR 2005/50/EC [i.1]. The present document applies to: a) Transmitters in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz operating as broadband devices over the specific bandwidth defined for the individual devices. b) Receivers operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz. c) Integrated transceivers. The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with integral antennas. The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. The present document covers short range radar mobile applications. The present document covers only SRR equipment for road vehicles. The present document complies with field limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields as provided by the EC Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.2] and the methods for compliance demonstration in EN 50371 [i.3]. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01) 8 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [1] CISPR 16 (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus". [2] CEPT/ERC/REC 01-06: "Procedure for mutual recognition of type testing and type approval for radio equipment". [3] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics". [4] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers. [5] ETSI EN 302 288-2 (V1.2.2): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive". 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [i.1] Commission Decision 2005/50/EC of 17 January 2005 on the harmonization of the 24 GHz range radio spectrum band for the time-limited use by automotive short-range radar equipment in the Community. [i.2] Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz). [i.3] CENELEC EN 50371 (2002): "Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of low power electronic and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to electromagnetic fields (10 MHz - 300 GHz) - General public". [i.4] ETSI TR 102 273-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber". [i.5] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)". [i.6] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain". [i.7] CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10: "ECC Decision of 12 November 2004 on the frequency bands to be designated for the temporary introduction of Automotive Short Range Radars (SRR)". (Amended 2005). SIST EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1:2009
ETSI ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01) 9 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: activity factor: actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual on-the-air emission time within a given time window antenna scan duty factor: ratio of the area of the beam (measured at its -3 dB point) to the total area scanned by the antenna (as measured at its -3 dB point) assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the equipment average time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated blanking period: time period where either no waveform or a constant waveform within the 24 GHz SRD band occurs boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna channel dwell duty cycle: ratio of the time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a given frequency channel to the channel repetition interval NOTE: Channel dwell time/channel repetition interval. channel dwell time: accumulated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single given frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off-time in any one hour period NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually, whether the duty cycle is fixed or random depends on how the device is triggered. Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna components which affect or influence its performance equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic radiator NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power density into the antenna" and "antenna gain". e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power density. equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy compared with the pul
...
ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices;
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);
Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range;
Part 1: Technical requirements and
methods of measurement
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG31B-050-1
Keywords
radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2009.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered
for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Technical requirements specifications . 12
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 12
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing . 12
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 12
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment . 12
4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results . 12
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 13
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 13
5.2 External test power source. 13
5.3 Normal test conditions . 13
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 13
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 13
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 13
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 13
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 14
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 14
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 14
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 14
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 14
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 14
5.4.2.2 Other power sources . 14
6 General conditions . 14
6.1 Test fixture . 14
6.1.1 Requirements . 14
6.1.2 Calibration . 15
6.1.3 General requirements for RF cables. 17
6.1.4 Shielded anechoic chamber. 18
7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 19
7.1 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitters in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz band . 19
7.1.1 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 19
7.1.1.1 Definition . 19
7.1.1.2 Method of measurement . 19
7.1.1.3 Limits . 20
7.1.2 Maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) . 20
7.1.2.1 Definition . 20
7.1.2.2 Method of measurement . 20
7.1.2.3 Limits . 22
7.1.3 Maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) . 22
7.1.3.1 Definition . 22
7.1.3.2 Method of measurement . 22
7.1.3.3 Standard procedure and setup extensions . 23
7.1.3.4 Limits . 23
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
4 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01)
7.1.4 Methods of measurement and limits for emissions in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz band . 24
7.1.4.1 Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) . 24
7.1.4.1.1 Definition. 24
7.1.4.1.2 Method of measurement . 24
7.1.4.1.3 Limits . 26
7.1.4.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 26
7.1.4.2.1 Definition. 26
7.1.4.2.2 Method of measurement for equipment not using FH modulation . 26
7.1.4.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment using pulsed FH modulation . 27
7.1.4.2.4 Limit . 27
7.1.5 Vertical plane transmitter emissions in the 23,6 GHz to 24 GHz range . 28
7.1.5.1 Definition . 28
7.1.5.2 Measurement procedure . 28
7.1.5.3 Vertical emission limits in the 23,6 GHz to 24,0 GHz range . 28
7.2 Radiated spurious and out-of-band emissions . 28
7.2.1 Definition . 28
7.2.2 Measuring receiver . 29
7.2.3 Method of measurement for radiated spurious or out-of-band emissions . 29
7.2.4 Limits . 30
8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 30
8.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 30
8.1.1 Definition . 30
8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions . 30
8.1.3 Limit . 31
9 Measurement uncertainty . 31
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 32
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 32
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 32
A.2.1 Substitution antenna . 32
A.3 Indoor test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber . 32
A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber . 32
A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 34
A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber . 34
Annex B (normative): General description of measurement methods . 35
B.1 Radiated measurements . 35
B.2 Performance requirements for preamplifier and horn antenna . 36
B.3 Measurement of the residual carrier . 36
Annex C (informative): Example of modulation schemes. 37
C.1 Pseudo Noise Pulse Position Modulation (PN PPM) . 37
C.1.1 Definition . 37
C.1.2 Typical operation parameters . 38
C.2 Pulsed FH (Pulsed Frequency Hopping) . 38
C.2.1 Definition . 38
C.2.2 Typical operation parameters . 39
C.2.3 Additional requirements for pulsed FH equipment measurement . 39
C.2.3.1 Pulsed FH modulation . 39
C.2.3.2 Measurement requirements . 39
C.3 PN-2-PSK (Pseudo noise binary coded phase shift keying). 40
C.3.1 Definition . 40
C.3.2 Typical operation parameters . 41
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
5 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01)
Annex D (normative): Installation requirements of 24 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR)
systems . 42
Annex E (informative): Conversion of power density to e.i.r.p. 43
E.1 Assumptions . 43
E.2 Example . 43
Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 44
History . 45
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval and has to comply with Directive 95/54/EC [4]. For use on vehicles outside the scope of
Directive 95/54/EC [4] compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices, Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment
operating in the 24 GHz range, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 22 January 2009
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 April 2009
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 October 2009
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 October 2009
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices
(SRD) working as broadband devices with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz frequency
range intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications, such as automotive 24 GHz
Short Range Radar (SRR) for e.g. obstacle detection, stop and go, blind spot detection, parking aid, backup aid,
precrash and other automotive applications.
The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in a temporary frequency designation under the 24 GHz
ECC decision CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10 [i.7]. The application is also subject to the EU Commission decision on 24 GHz
SRR 2005/50/EC [i.1].
The present document applies to:
a) Transmitters in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz operating as broadband devices over the specific
bandwidth defined for the individual devices.
b) Receivers operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz.
c) Integrated transceivers.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with
integral antennas.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document covers short range radar mobile applications. The present document covers only SRR equipment
for road vehicles.
The present document complies with field limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields as provided by the
EC Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.2] and the methods for compliance demonstration in EN 50371 [i.3].
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01)
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16 (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] CEPT/ERC/REC 01-06: "Procedure for mutual recognition of type testing and type approval for
radio equipment".
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[4] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council
Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and
amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
[5] ETSI EN 302 288-2 (V1.2.2): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar
equipment operating in the 24 GHz range; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] Commission Decision 2005/50/EC of 17 January 2005 on the harmonization of the 24 GHz range
radio spectrum band for the time-limited use by automotive short-range radar equipment in the
Community.
[i.2] Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the
general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz).
[i.3] CENELEC EN 50371 (2002): "Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of low power
electronic and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to
electromagnetic fields (10 MHz - 300 GHz) - General public".
[i.4] ETSI TR 102 273-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber".
[i.5] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.6] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.7] CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10: "ECC Decision of 12 November 2004 on the frequency bands to be
designated for the temporary introduction of Automotive Short Range Radars (SRR)".
(Amended 2005).
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
9 ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2009-01)
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual on-the-air emission time within a given
time window
antenna scan duty factor: ratio of the area of the beam (measured at its -3 dB point) to the total area scanned by the
antenna (as measured at its -3 dB point)
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate
associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the
equipment
average time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated
blanking period: time period where either no waveform or a constant waveform within the 24 GHz SRD band occurs
boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna
channel dwell duty cycle: ratio of the time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a given frequency channel
to the channel repetition interval
NOTE: Channel dwell time/channel repetition interval.
channel dwell time: accumulated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single
given frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off-time in any one hour period
NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually, whether the duty cycle is fixed or random
depends on how the device is triggered.
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic
radiator
NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power density into the antenna" and "antenna gain".
e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power and peak or average power density.
equivalent pulse power duration: duration of an ideal rectangular pulse which has the same content of energy
compared with the pulse shape of the EUT with pulsed modulation or on-off gating
2
far field measurement: measurement at a distance "X" of at least 2d /λ , where d is the largest dimension of the
antenna aperture of the EUT
maximum safe level for radiated power density: level which can be transmitted in accordanc
...
Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2008-09)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices;
Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT);
Short range radar equipment operating in the 24 GHz range;
Part 1: Technical requirements and
methods of measurement
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2008-09)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG31B-050-1
Keywords
radar, radio, RTTT, SRD, testing
ETSI
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The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2008.
All rights reserved.
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for the benefit of its Members.
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ETSI
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2008-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Technical requirements specifications . 12
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 12
4.1.1 Choice of model for testing . 12
4.2 Mechanical and electrical design . 12
4.3 Auxiliary test equipment . 12
4.4 Interpretation of the measurement results . 12
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 13
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 13
5.2 External test power source. 13
5.3 Normal test conditions . 13
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 13
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 13
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 13
5.3.2.2 Other power sources . 13
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 14
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 14
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 14
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 14
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 14
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 14
5.4.2.2 Other power sources . 14
6 General conditions . 14
6.1 Test fixture . 14
6.1.1 Requirements . 14
6.1.2 Calibration . 15
6.1.3 General requirements for RF cables. 17
6.1.4 Shielded anechoic chamber. 18
7 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 19
7.1 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitters in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz band . 19
7.1.1 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 19
7.1.1.1 Definition . 19
7.1.1.2 Method of measurement . 19
7.1.1.3 Limits . 20
7.1.2 Maximum radiated average power density (e.i.r.p.) . 20
7.1.2.1 Definition . 20
7.1.2.2 Method of measurement . 20
7.1.2.3 Limits . 22
7.1.3 Maximum radiated peak power density (e.i.r.p.) . 22
7.1.3.1 Definition . 22
7.1.3.2 Method of measurement . 22
7.1.3.3 Standard procedure and setup extensions . 23
7.1.3.4 Limits . 23
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2008-09)
7.1.4 Methods of measurement and limits for emissions in the 24,05 GHz to 24,25 GHz band . 24
7.1.4.1 Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) . 24
7.1.4.1.1 Definition. 24
7.1.4.1.2 Method of measurement . 24
7.1.4.1.3 Limits . 26
7.1.4.2 Permitted range of operating frequencies . 26
7.1.4.2.1 Definition. 26
7.1.4.2.2 Method of measurement for equipment not using FH modulation . 26
7.1.4.2.3 Method of measurement for equipment using pulsed FH modulation . 27
7.1.4.2.4 Limit . 27
7.1.5 Vertical plane transmitter emissions in the 23,6 GHz to 24 GHz range . 28
7.1.5.1 Definition . 28
7.1.5.2 Measurement procedure . 28
7.1.5.3 Vertical emission limits in the 23,6 GHz to 24,0 GHz range . 28
7.2 Radiated spurious and out-of-band emissions . 28
7.2.1 Definition . 28
7.2.2 Measuring receiver . 29
7.2.3 Method of measurement for radiated spurious or out-of-band emissions . 29
7.2.4 Limits . 30
8 Methods of measurement and limits for receiver parameters . 30
8.1 Receiver spurious emissions. 30
8.1.1 Definition . 30
8.1.2 Method of measurement - radiated spurious emissions . 30
8.1.3 Limit . 31
9 Measurement uncertainty . 31
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurements . 32
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 32
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 32
A.2.1 Substitution antenna . 32
A.3 Indoor test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber . 32
A.3.1 Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber . 32
A.3.2 Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers . 34
A.3.3 Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber . 34
Annex B (normative): General description of measurement methods . 35
B.1 Radiated measurements . 35
B.2 Performance requirements for preamplifier and horn antenna . 36
B.3 Measurement of the residual carrier . 36
Annex C (informative): Example of modulation schemes. 37
C.1 Pseudo Noise Pulse Position Modulation (PN PPM) . 37
C.1.1 Definition . 37
C.1.2 Typical operation parameters . 38
C.2 Pulsed FH (Pulsed Frequency Hopping) . 38
C.2.1 Definition . 38
C.2.2 Typical operation parameters . 39
C.2.3 Additional requirements for pulsed FH equipment measurement . 39
C.2.3.1 Pulsed FH modulation . 39
C.2.3.2 Measurement requirements . 39
C.3 PN-2-PSK (Pseudo noise binary coded phase shift keying). 40
C.3.1 Definition . 40
C.3.2 Typical operation parameters . 41
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2008-09)
Annex D (normative): Installation requirements of 24 GHz Short Range Radar (SRR)
systems . 42
Annex E (informative): Conversion of power density to e.i.r.p. 43
E.1 Assumptions . 43
E.2 Example . 43
Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 44
History . 45
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2008-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the ETSI standards One-
step Approval Procedure.
For non EU countries the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
Equipment compliant with the present document is intended for fitment into road vehicles, therefore it is subject to
automotive EMC type approval and has to comply with Directive 95/54/EC [4]. For use on vehicles outside the scope of
Directive 95/54/EC [4] compliance with an EMC directive/standard appropriate for that use is required.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices, Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar equipment
operating in the 24 GHz range, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2008-09)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the technical requirements and methods of measurement for Short Range Devices
(SRD) working as broadband devices with at least 500 MHz bandwidth in the 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz frequency
range intended for Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) applications, such as automotive 24 GHz
Short Range Radar (SRR) for e.g. obstacle detection, stop and go, blind spot detection, parking aid, backup aid,
precrash and other automotive applications.
The present document covers transmitters intended to operate in a temporary frequency designation under the 24 GHz
ECC decision CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10 [i.7]. The application is also subject to the EU Commission decision on 24 GHz
SRR 2005/50/EC [i.1].
The present document applies to:
a) Transmitters in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz operating as broadband devices over the specific
bandwidth defined for the individual devices.
b) Receivers operating in the range from 22,000 GHz to 26,65 GHz.
c) Integrated transceivers.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for short range radar equipment fitted with
integral antennas.
The present document does not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
The present document covers short range radar mobile applications. The present document covers only SRR equipment
for road vehicles.
The present document complies with field limits for human exposure to electromagnetic fields as provided by the
EC Recommendation 1999/519/EC [i.2] and the methods for compliance demonstration in EN 50371 [i.3].
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
For online referenced documents, information sufficient to identify and locate the source shall be provided. Preferably,
the primary source of the referenced document should be cited, in order to ensure traceability. Furthermore, the
reference should, as far as possible, remain valid for the expected life of the document. The reference shall include the
method of access to the referenced document and the full network address, with the same punctuation and use of upper
case and lower case letters.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2008-09)
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] CISPR 16 (parts 1-1, 1-4 and 1-5): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".
[2] CEPT/ERC/REC 01-06: "Procedure for mutual recognition of type testing and type approval for
radio equipment".
[3] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
[4] Commission Directive 95/54/EC of 31 October 1995 adapting to technical progress Council
Directive 72/245/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the
suppression of radio interference produced by spark-ignition engines fitted to motor vehicles and
amending Directive 70/156/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating
to the type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
[5] ETSI EN 302 288-2 (V1.2.2): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short range radar
equipment operating in the 24 GHz range; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] Commission Decision 2005/50/EC of 17 January 2005 on the harmonization of the 24 GHz range
radio spectrum band for the time-limited use by automotive short-range radar equipment in the
Community.
[i.2] Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC of 12 July 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the
general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz).
[i.3] CENELEC EN 50371 (2002): "Generic standard to demonstrate the compliance of low power
electronic and electrical apparatus with the basic restrictions related to human exposure to
electromagnetic fields (10 MHz - 300 GHz) - General public".
[i.4] ETSI TR 102 273-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties; Part 2: Anechoic chamber".
[i.5] CEPT/ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.6] CEPT/ERC/REC 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.7] CEPT/ECC/DEC/(04)10: "ECC Decision of 12 November 2004 on the frequency bands to be
designated for the temporary introduction of Automotive Short Range Radars (SRR)".
(Amended 2005).
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 288-1 V1.4.1 (2008-09)
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity factor: actual on-the-air time divided by active session time or actual on-the-air emission time within a given
time window
antenna scan duty factor: ratio of the area of the beam (measured at its -3 dB point) to the total area scanned by the
antenna (as measured at its -3 dB point)
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate
associated antenna: antenna and all its associated components which are designed as an indispensable part of the
equipment
average time: time interval on which a mean measurement is integrated
blanking period: time period where either no waveform or a constant waveform within the 24 GHz SRD band occurs
boresight: axis of the main beam in a directional antenna
channel dwell duty cycle: ratio of the time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a given frequency channel
to the channel repetition interval
NOTE: Channel dwell time/channel repetition interval.
channel dwell time: accumulated amount of transmission time of uninterrupted continuous transmission within a single
given frequency channel and within one channel repetition interval
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the "message" to the total off-time in any one hour period
NOTE: The device may be triggered either automatically or manually, whether the duty cycle is fixed or random
depends on how the device is triggered.
Equipment Under Test (EUT): radar sensor including the integrated antenna together with any external antenna
components which affect or influence its performance
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power or power density transmitted, assuming an isotropic
radiator
NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power or power density into the antenna" and "antenna gain".
e.i.r.p. is used for both peak or average power a
...
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