ETSI TR 103 510 V1.1.1 (2019-10)

SmartM2M; SAREF extension investigation; Requirements for Wearables

DTR/SmartM2M-103510

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 24-Oct-2019
• Technical Committee: SmartM2M - Smart M2M
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 14-Nov-2019
• Completion Date: 25-Oct-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 510 V1.1.1 (2019-10)






TECHNICAL REPORT
SmartM2M;
SAREF extension investigation;
Requirements for Wearables

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2 ETSI TR 103 510 V1.1.1 (2019-10)



Reference
DTR/SmartM2M-103510
Keywords
IoT, oneM2M, ontology, SAREF, semantic,
wearable
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3 ETSI TR 103 510 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Terms . 7
3.2 Symbols . 7
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 SAREF extension for the Wearables domain . 9
5 Characteristic of Wearables . 9
5.0 Introduction . 9
5.1 Wearability . 9
5.2 Personal data protection . 9
5.3 Limited communication ability . 10
5.4 Limited storage space . 10
5.5 Limited power supply . 10
5.6 Intelligence . 10
5.7 Communication capability. 10
5.8 Real-time requirement . 10
5.9 Data precision . 10
6 Related initiatives . 11
6.0 Introduction . 11
6.1 Standardization initiatives and associations . 11
6.1.0 Introduction. 11
6.1.1 P360 - Standard for Wearable Consumer Electronic Devices . 11
6.1.2 IEC 62471 (LEDs and eye/skin contact). 11
6.1.3 IEC 62209 SAR (Specific Absorption Rate) . 11
6.1.4 ISO 10993 (Biocompatibility) . 12
6.1.5 UL 60601-1 (Medical devices) . 12
6.1.6 UL 60950-1 (ITE equipment) . 13
6.1.7 IEC 60065 (Audio-Video equipment). 13
6.1.8 IEC 62368-1 (Combined standard - ITE + Audio/Video) . 14
6.2 European Projects . 14
7 Initial data models/ontologies to considered . 18
7.0 Introduction . 18
7.1 Active Healthy Ageing (AHA) Ontology . 18
7.2 LifeWear Ontology. 18
7.3 MIMU-Wear Ontology . 19
7.4 SSN Ontology . 19
7.5 Other Initiatives . 19
8 Use cases . 20
8.1 Use case 1: Healthcare . 20
8.1.0 Introduction. 20
8.1.1 Remote health monitoring . 20
8.2 Use case 2: Open air public events . 21
8.3 Use case 3: Closed environment events . 21
9 Requirements . 23
10 Conclusions . 25
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Annex A: Bibliography . 26
Annex B: Change History . 27
History . 28


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5 ETSI TR 103 510 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Smart Machine-to-Machine
communications (SmartM2M).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

ETSI

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6 ETSI TR 103 510 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
1 Scope
The present document lists the requirements for an initial semantic model extending SAREF for the wearables domain.
This initial SAREF extension will be based on both a limited set of use cases and available existing data models. The
present document is developed in close collaboration with ETSI activities in the wearables and eHealth domains,
SmartM2M/oneM2M, and Wearables related EU projects and H2020 Large Scale Pilots. Further extensions are planned
in the future to cover entirely the wearables domain.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] European Commission and TNO: "Smart Appliances REFerence ontology (SAREF)", April 2015.
NOTE: Available at http://ontology.tno.nl/saref.
[i.2] European Commission and TNO: "D-S4 Final Report - SMART 2013-0077 - Study on Semantic
Assets for Smart Appliances Interoperability", March 2015.
NOTE: Available at https://sites.google.com/site/smartappliancesproject/documents.
[i.3] ETSI TS 103 264 (V2.1.1): "SmartM2M; Smart Appliances; Reference Ontology and oneM2M
Mapping".
NOTE: Available at
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/103200_103299/103264/02.01.01_60/ts_103264v020101p.pdf.
[i.4] ETSI TR 103 411 (V1.1.1): "SmartM2M; Smart Appliances; SAREF extension investigation".
NOTE: Available at
https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_tr/103400_103499/103411/01.01.01_60/tr_103411v010101p.pdf.
[i.5] IEEE: "P360 - Standard for Wearable Consumer Electronic Devices - Overview and Architecture".
[i.6] IEC 62471 for LED Lighting Products.
[i.7] IEC 62209 (all parts): "Measurement procedure for the assessment of specific absorption rate of
human exposure to radio frequency fields from hand-held and body-mounted wireless
communication devices".
[i.8] ISO 10993 (all parts): "Biological evaluation of medical devices".
NOTE: Available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_10993#List_of_the_standards_in_the_10993_series.
[i.9] UL 60601-1: "Medical Electrical Equipment, Part 1: General Requirements for Safety".
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7 ETSI TR 103 510 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
[i.10] UL 60950-1: "Information Technology Equipment - Safety - Part 1: General Requirements".
NOTE: Available at https://standardscatalog.ul.com/standards/en/standard_60950-1_2.
[i.11] IEC 60065:2014: "Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus - Safety requirements".
[i.12] IEC 62368-1:2018: "Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment -
Part 1: Safety requirements".
[i.13] Natalia Díaz Rodríguez, Stefan Grönroos, Frank Wickström, Johan Lilius, Henk Eertink, Andreas
Braun, Paul Dillen, James Crowley, Jan Alexandersson: "An Ontology for Wearables Data
Interoperability and Ambient Assisted Living Application Development". WCSC 2016: 559-568.
[i.14] Gregorio Rubio Cifuentes, Estefanía Serral, Pedro Castillejo, José-Fernán Martínez: "A Novel
Context Ontology to Facilitate Interoperation of Semantic Services in Environments with
Wearable Devices". OTM Workshops 2012: 495-504.
[i.15] Claudia Villalonga, Héctor Pomares, Ignacio Rojas, Oresti Banos: "MIMU-Wear:
"Ontology-based sensor selection for real-world wearable activity recognition". Neurocomputing
250". 76-100 (2017).
[i.16] Ahlem Rhayem, Mohamed Ben Ahmed Mhiri, Mayssa Ben Salah, Faïez Gargouri:
"Ontology-based system for patient monitoring with connected objects". KES 2017: 683-692.
[i.17] Semantic Smart Sensor Network ontology (S3N).
NOTE: Available at http://w3id.org/s3n/.
[i.18] Jack Hodges, Mareike Kritzler, Florian Michahelles, Stefan Lueder, Erik Wilde: "Ontology
alignment for wearable devices and bioinformatics in professional health care".
NOTE: Available at https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/bdc1/285017f3b09539a0f7034e4c65ab64736c2c.pdf.
[i.19] PwC: "The Wearable Life 2.0".
NOTE: Available at https://www.pwc.nl/nl/assets/documents/pwc-the-wearable-life-2-0.pdf.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
metadata: data about data
ontology: formal specification of a conceptualization
NOTE 1: It can be viewed as the extension of metadata with the data environment view.
NOTE 2: It is used to explicitly capture the semantics of a certain reality.
semantic: meaning of data
3.2 Symbols
Void.
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3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
4G fourth generation of broadband cellular network technology
AHA Active Healthy Ageing
AIOTI Alliance for the Internet of Things Innovation
API Application Program Interface
BT Body Temperature
CBT Core Body Temperature
CIE Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (International Commission on Illumination)
COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
DOLCE Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering
DUL DOLCE Ultra Lite
ECG Electrocardiogram
EN European Standard
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
GPS Global Positioning System
GPU Graphical Processing Unit
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IoT Internet of Things
IP In Person
ISO International Organization for Standardization
IT Information Technology
ITE Information Technology Equipment
IWHP Inuheat Wearable Heating Platform
LED Light-Emitting Diode
LifeWear Lifestyle with Wearables
MIMU Magnetic and Inertial Measurement Unit
NB-IoT Narrowband-IoT
NFC Near Field Communication
OGC Open Geospatial Consortium
OWL Ontology Web Language
PA Public Address
PA system Public Address system
RF Radio Frequency
RGB-D Red Green Blue-Depth
S3N Semantic Smart Sensor Network
SAR Specific Absorption Rate
SAREF Smart Applications REFerence ontology
SAREF4WEAR SAREF extension for Wearables
SCI Spinal Cord Injured
SSN Semantic Sensor Network
STF Special Task Force
SWE Sensor Web Enablement
TR Technical Report
TRL Technology Readiness Level
TS Technical Specification
TSi Think Silicon S.A.
UI User Interface
UL Underwriters Laboratories standard
USB Universal Serial Bus
UWB Ultra Wide Band
WEAR Wearable technologists Engage with Artists for Responsible innovation
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4 SAREF extension for the Wearables domain
SAREF [i.1] is a reference ontology for IoT created in close interaction with the industry during a study requested by
the European Commission in 2015 [i.2] and subsequently transferred into ETSI TS 103 264 [i.3]. SAREF contains core
concepts that are common to several IoT domains and, to be able to handle specific data elements for a certain domain,
dedicated extensions of SAREF can be created. Each domain can have one or more extensions, depending on the
complexity of the domain. As a reference ontology, SAREF serves as the means to connect the extensions in different
domains. The earlier document ETSI TR 103 411 [i.4] specifies the rationale and methodology used to create, publish
and maintain the SAREF extensions.
The present document specifies the requirements for an initial SAREF extension for Wearables. This initial SAREF
extension will be based on a limited set of use cases and existing data models identified within available initiatives that
will be summarized in dedicated clauses of the present document. The work conducted in the present document has
been developed in the context of the STF 566 (see https://portal.etsi.org/STF/STFs/STFHomePages/STF566.aspx),
which was established with the goal of creating SAREF extensions for the following domains: Automotive,
eHealth/Ageing-well, Wearables and Water. This work is expected to be developed in close collaboration with ETSI,
oneM2M, AIOTI, Wearables related H2020 Large Scale Pilots and EU projects. However, other initiatives coming from
Wearables industrial world and alliances will also be investigated.
STF 566 consists of the following two main tasks:
1) Gather requirements, collect use cases and identify existing sources (e.g. standards, data models, ontologies,
etc.) from the domains of interest (Automotive, eHealth/Ageing-well, Wearables and Water) in order to
determine the requirements for an initial semantic model for each of the aforementioned domains, based on at
least 2 use cases and existing data models (STF 566 Task 2).
2) Specify and produce the extensions of SAREF for each of the aforementioned domain based on the
requirements resulting of STF 566 Task 2 (STF 566 Task 3).
The present document focuses on STF 566 Task 2 and the extension of SAREF for Wearables domain. The present
document sets the requirements of an initial semantic model that will result in a new SAREF ontology extension for
Wearables, called SAREF4WEAR and to be published in a TS document as part of STF 566 Task 3 SAREF extensions
series.
5 Characteristic of Wearables
5.0 Introduction
Wearable devices and services have some common characteristics as the ones listed below. A domain-specific ontology
about Wearables has to be able to model such characteristics in order to be deployable within a real-world environment.
5.1 Wearability
Unlike other devices which are agnostic to the users or rarely interact with the users, wearable devices are carried by the
users and interact with them all the time. Convenience and comfort are the top considerations. The design of wearable
devices needs to be small enough for convenience and portability.
5.2 Personal data protection
Wearable devices and related services collect, transmit, and store lots of personal data. The confidentiality of data is
fundamental for wearable services, while data sharing is essential for the mutual interaction of users within a
community.
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10 ETSI TR 103 510 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
5.3 Limited communication ability
Due to the limitation of size, weight and power supply, wearable devices are not usually equipped with wide-bandwidth
®
network access abilities. Most of them only support narrow-bandwidth connectivity technologies, e.g. Bluetooth , NFC
and NB-IoT.
5.4 Limited storage space
According to use cases, wearable devices have limited storage space.
5.5 Limited power supply
Due to the size and comfort requirements, wearable devices are only equipped with small battery or even use solar or
biological energy, which provide limited power supply.
5.6 Intelligence
As wearable devices can be carried by different users and work in different environments, they need adequate
intelligence to adjust themselves to different usages.
5.7 Communication capability
Due to the variety of wearable applications, the requirements on data transmission and service quality differs a lot.
Corresponding to the requirement of the communication, different wearable centric vertical applications would
probably adopt different communication technologies. For instance, wearable applications that transmit multimedia
content need to transfer thousands more times of data volume than that of position and biological data. Thus, wide
™
bandwidth communication technology, such as WiFi , 4G would be adopted by the former, and narrow bandwidth
® ® ™
communication technologies such as ZigBee , Bluetooth , NB-IoT would be adopted by the later.
5.8 Real-time requirement
The requirement on time delay tolerance of service is a critical requirement of wearable centric vertical applications.
For fitness and positioning application, several seconds delay still can be tolerant, however in healthcare scenario the
latency should be less than 250 ms for non-medical application and less than 125 ms for medical application. IoT
edging storage and edging computing technologies could give great help on timely responding and decision making at
the edge. However, to thoroughly satisfy different levels of the real-time requirements for particular wearable centric
vertical applications, there still needs adaptation on the architecture and detail deployment of the IoT network for real-
time services.
5.9 Data precision
Different applications of wearables have different requirements on precision of sensing data. The data precision of
wearable devices should conform to corresponding standards related to the application areas. Health monitoring
applications ask for high precision of physiological signals. Such high precision needs to be maintained during the data
processing and analysis phases.
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11 ETSI TR 103 510 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
6 Related initiatives
6.0 Introduction
Within clause 6 of the present document, some of the main related initiatives in term of modelling and standardization
in Wearables domain are reviewed. Existing efforts range from national or international standards to rather specific
models used in certain software solutions provided by industrial world actors. Therefore, the potential stakeholders
identified for SAREF4WEAR extension might be classified as: public administrations, associations related to the
Internet of Things and Wearables, European projects and Large-Scale Pilots, standardization bodies and alliances
related to the Internet of Things and Wearables domain, as well as industrial world and alliances initiatives of the
Wearables domain. For each type of stakeholder, the initiatives that have to be taken into account for SAREF4WEAR
extension are described next.
6.1 Standardization initiatives and associations
6.1.0 Introduction
Clause 6.1 of the present document lists standardization initiatives that are currently active within the Wearables
domain.
6.1.1 P360 - Standard for Wearable Consumer Electronic Devices
The IEEE standard [i.5] gives overview, terminology and categorization for Wearable Consumer Electronic Devices (or
Wearables in short). It further outlines an architecture for a series of standard specifications that define technical
requirements and testing methods for different aspects of Wearables, from basic security and suitableness of wear, to
various functional areas like health, fitness and infotainment, etc.
6.1.2 IEC 62471 (LEDs and eye/skin contact)
IEC 62471 [i.6] gives guidance for evaluating the photo-biological safety of lamps and lamp systems including
luminaries. Specifically, it defines exposure limits, references measurement techniques and the classification scheme for
the evaluation and control of photo-biological hazards from all electrically powered incoherent broadband sources of
optical radiation, including LEDs (but excluding lasers), in the wavelength range from 200 nm through 3 000 nm. This
standard was prepared as Standard CIE S 009:2002 by the International Commission on Illumination. Its application
within the Wearables domain concerns the suitability of the displays of wearable devices.
6.1.3 IEC 62209 SAR (Specific Absorption Rate)
The IEC 62209 series [i.7] is intended to enable the preparation of international standards on measurement and
calculation methods to assess human exposure to electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz).
Issues addressed within this document are related to:
• characterization of electromagnetic environments with regard to human exposure;
• measurement methods, instrumentation and procedures;
• calculation methods;
• methods of assessing the rate of RF energy absorption per unit body mass for specific sources commonly
called a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) measurement;
• assessment of uncertainties;
• basic standards for other sources.
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12 ETSI TR 103 510 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
6.1.4 ISO 10993 (Biocompatibility)
The primary aim of the ISO 10993 standards [i.8] is the protection of humans from potential biological risks arising
from the use of medical devices. This standard combines the review a
...