ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)

Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB); Technical Report Part 1: UWB signal characteristics and overview CEPT/ECC and EC regulation

DTR/ERM-TGUWB-007-1

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Jul-2015
• Technical Committee: ERM TGUWB - Ultra Wide Band
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 29-Jul-2015
• Completion Date: 24-Jul-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB);
Technical Report
Part 1: UWB signal characteristics
and overview CEPT/ECC and EC regulation

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2 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)



Reference
DTR/ERM-TGUWB-007-1
Keywords
SRD, testing, UWB

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3 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Symbols and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Symbols . 11
3.2 Abbreviations . 12
4 CEPT/ECC and EC UWB Framework . 13
4.1 UWB Definition: . 13
4.2 Brief description UWB applications in CEPT/ECC and EC . 17
4.2.1 Generic applications . 17
4.2.1.1 Applications . 17
4.2.1.2 Regulated Limits for General Case . 17
4.2.2 Location tracking . 19
4.2.2.1 Location tracking applications . 19
4.2.2.2 Location tracking type 1 (LT1) . 20
4.2.2.3 Location tracking type 2 (LT2) . 20
4.2.2.4 Location Application for Emergency Services (LAES) . 22
4.2.2.5 Location tracking in the railway environment. 23
4.2.3 Ground based vehicular applications . 23
4.2.4 Material Sensing devices . 26
4.2.4.1 Material sensing devices BMA and ODC . 26
4.2.4.1.1 Overview . 26
4.2.4.1.2 Building Material Analysis (BMA) . 26
4.2.4.1.3 Object Discrimination and Characterization (ODC). 28
4.2.4.2 Concrete inspections and imaging: professional Ground and Wall Probing Radars (GPR-WPR) . 32
4.2.5 (Tank) Level probing application . 33
4.2.5.1 Overview . 33
4.2.5.2 Tank Level Probing Radar . 33
4.2.5.3 Level Probing Radar . 34
4.2.6 Airborne . 35
5 UWB Signal definition . 37
5.0 Definition . 37
5.1 Impulse derived . 38
5.1.1 Pulse form/Pulse shape . 38
5.1.2 Characteristics of the fixed Pulse Train . 40
5.1.3 Modulation schemes for pulsed systems . 41
5.1.3.0 Description . 41
5.1.3.1 Some example modulation techniques . 41
5.1.3.2 Use of modulation for data transfer purposes . 42
5.1.3.3 Use of modulation for spectral smoothing . 43
5.2 Frequency modulated/carrier-based . 44
5.2.1 Summary . 44
5.2.2 Frequency hopping/stepping . 44
5.2.3 Frequency modulated continuous wave . 47
5.2.4 Multiband UWB signals . 48
5.2.4.1 Introduction . 48
5.2.4.2 Multi-band pseudo -carrier modulated signal . 48
5.2.4.3 OFDM and Multiband OFDM . 50
ETSI

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4 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
6 UWB measurements . 51
History . 52

Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering UWB signal characteristics and related mitigation
techniques, as identified below:
Part 1: "UWB signal characteristics and overview CEPT&ECC and EC regulation";
Part 2: "UWB mitigation techniques";
Part 3: "World wide UWB regulation".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Ultra Wide Band (UWB) radio technology enables a new generation of location tracking systems and sensor devices as
well as high-speed data devices for short range communication purposes.
It opens new markets with a variety of innovative applications.
UWB devices may form an integral part of other portable electronic equipment such as future generation cellular
phones or laptops equipped with UWB enabled short range air interfaces.
In addition, UWB devices with an operating bandwidth of several hundreds of MHz up to several GHz allow tens of
centimetre-level accuracy real time localization and positioning even in the presence of severe multipath effects caused
by walls, furniture or any other harsh radio propagation environments.
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5 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
It is a viable positioning and sensor technology that meets industrial requirements in the following markets:
1) Healthcare
2) Workplace/Smart Office
3) Public buildings
4) Security
5) Defence training
6) Entertainment
7) Logistics, warehouses
8) Manufacturing assembly lines
9) Road and rail vehicles sensor networks
10) Public transportation
11) Level Gauging
12) Professional ground- and wall probing

ETSI

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6 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
1 Scope
The present document summarize the available information about the typical transmission signal characteristics used by
Ultra Wideband (UWB) devices, including the references to the relevant standards and CEPT/ECC and EC regulation
framework.
Different frequency ranges have been identified or are under study for applications based on UWB technology:
Table 1: Overview UWB application in CEPT/ECC, EC and ETSI (with related Harmonised Standards)
Application Frequency ETSI Standard Remark
Ranges [GHz]
Generic, non-specific 3,1 to 4,8 ETSI EN 302 065-1 [i.23] Former ETSI EN 302 065
6 to 9
Location Tracking below 10 GHz 3,1 to 4,8 ETSI EN 302 065-2 [i.24] Location Tracking Type 2
6 to 9 (LT 2)
Location tracking called Type 1 6 to 9 Former
ETSI EN 302 500 [i.62]
Location tracking called Type 2 3,1 to 4,8
Location Application for emergency 3,4 to 4,8
Services (LAES)
Location Tracking for automotive & 3,1 to 4,8 ETSI EN 302 065-3 [i.25]
transportation environment (LTT) 6 to 8,5
Building Material Analysis (BMA) 2,2 to 8,5 ETSI EN 302 435 [i.19] In the future covered by
ETSI EN 302 065-4 [i.63]
Object Discrimination and 2,2 to 8,5 ETSI EN 302 498 [i.21] In the future covered by
Characterization (ODC) ETSI EN 302 065-4 [i.63]
Professional Ground- and Wall 0,030 to 12,4 ETSI EN 302 066 [i.20] ETSI EG 202 730 [i.42]
Probing Radars
Short Range Radar 24 GHz 21,65 to 26,65 ETSI EN 302 288 In progress, alternative
option to use 24 GHz to
29 GHz frequency range
Long Range Radar 77 GHz 76 to 77 ETSI EN 301 091 Not listed as UWB but
devices use signals with
BW > 500 MHz
Short Range Radar 79 GHz 77 to 81 ETSI EN 302 264
Tank Level Probing Radar 4,5 to 7 ETSI EN 302 372 [i.27]
(TLPR) 8,5 to 10,6
24,05 to 27
57 to 64
75 to 85
Level Probing Radars 6,0 to 8,5 ETSI EN 302 729 [i.26]
(LPR) 24,05 to 26,5
57 to 64
75 to 85

ETSI

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7 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] EU Commission Decision 2009/343/EC 21 April 2009 amending Decision 2007/131/EC on
allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a
harmonised manner in the Community.
[i.2] EU Commission Decision 2007/131/EC of 21 February 2007 on allowing the use of the radio
spectrum for equipment using ultra-wideband technology in a harmonized manner in the
Community.
[i.3] ECC/DEC/(06)04: "ECC Decision of 24 March 2006 on the harmonized conditions for devices
using Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology in bands below 10,6 GHz", amended 9 December 2011.
[i.4] ECC/DEC/(07)01: "ECC Decision of 30 March 2007 on Building Material Analysis (BMA)
devices using UWB technology".
[i.5] ECC Report 064: "The protection requirements of radiocommunications systems below 10,6 GHz
from generic UWB applications", Helsinki, February 2005.
[i.6] ECC Report 120: "Technical requirements for UWB DAA (Detect and Avoid) devices to ensure
the protection of radiolocation services in the bands 3,1 - 3,4 GHz and 8,5 - 9 GHz and BWA
terminals in the band 3,4 - 4,2 GHz", Kristiansand, June 2008.
[i.7] ECC Report 123: "The impact of object discrimination and characterization (ODC) applications
using ultra-wideband (UWB) technology on radio services", Vilnius, September 2008.
[i.8] ECC Report 170: "Specific UWB applications in the bands 3,4 - 4,8 GHz and 6 - 8,5 GHz
Location Tracking Applications for Emergency Services (LAES), location tracking applications
type 2 (LT2) and location tracking and sensor Applications for automotive and transportation
environments (LTA)", Tallinn, October, 2011.
[i.9] CEPT Report 10: "Report from CEPT to the European Commission in response to the Mandate on
UWB Specific Applications", Final Report on July 2006.
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8 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
[i.10] CEPT Report 9: "Report from CEPT to the European Commission in response to the Mandate on
Harmonise radio spectrum use for Ultra-Wideband Systems in the European Union", Final Report
on 28 October 2005.
[i.11] CEPT Report 45: "Report from CEPT to the European Commission in response to the Fifth
Mandate to CEPT on ultra-wideband technology to clarify the technical parameters in view of a
potential update of Commission Decision 2007/131/EC", Final Report on 28 October 2005.
[i.12] ETSI TS 102 883 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB); Measurement Techniques".
[i.13] ETSI TS 103 060 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM);Short Range Devices (SRD);Method for a harmonized definition of Duty Cycle Template
(DCT) transmission as a passive mitigation technique used by short range devices and related
conformance test methods".
[i.14] ETSI TS 102 754 (V1.3,1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics of Detect And Avoid (DAA) mitigation
techniques for SRD equipment using Ultra Wideband (UWB) technology".
[i.15] ETSI TR 103 181-2 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band (UWB);Transmission characteristics;
Part 2: UWB mitigation techniques".
[i.16] ETSI TR 103 086 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Conformance test procedure for the exterior limit tests in EN
302065-3 UWB applications in the ground based vehicle environment".
[i.17] ETSI TR 102 495-1 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band
Sensor technology (UWB); System Reference Document Part 1: Building material analysis and
classification applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8 GHz".
[i.18] ETSI TR 102 495-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band
Sensor technology (UWB); System Reference Document; Part 2: Object Discrimination and
Characterization (ODC) applications for power tool devices operating in the frequency band of
2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.19] ETSI EN 302 435, Part 1 and 2 (V.1.3,1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using
Ultra WideBand technology (UWB); Building Material Analysis and Classification equipment
applications operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.20] ETSI EN 302 066, Part 1 and 2 (V.1.3,1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems".
[i.21] ETSI EN 302 498, Part 1 and 2 (V.1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using
Ultra WideBand technology (UWB); Object Discrimination and Characterization Applications for
power tool devices operating in the frequency band from 2,2 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.22] ETSI EN 300 328 (V.1.8.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Wideband transmission systems; Data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band
and using wide band modulation techniques; Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
[i.23] ETSI EN 302 065-1 (V.1.3,1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonized EN
covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive; Part 1: Requirements
for Generic UWB applications".
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9 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
[i.24] ETSI EN 302 065-2 (V.1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonized EN
covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive; Part 2: Requirements
for UWB location tracking".
[i.25] ETSI EN 302 065-3 (V.1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology (UWB); Harmonized EN
covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive; Part 3: Requirements
for UWB devices for road and rail vehicles".
[i.26] ETSI EN 302 729, Part 1 and 2 (V1.1.2): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Level Probing Radar (LPR) equipment operating in
the frequency ranges 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz, 24,05 GHz to 26,5 GHz, 57 GHz to 64 GHz, 75 GHz to
85 GHz".
[i.27] ETSI EN 302 372, Part 1 and 2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Equipment for Detection and Movement; Tanks
Level Probing Radar (TLPR) operating in the frequency bands 5,8 GHz, 10 GHz, 25 GHz, 61 GHz
and 77 GHz".
[i.28] Recommendation ITU-R P.526-10: "Propagation by diffraction".
[i.29] Recommendation ITU-R P 679-1: "Propagation data required for the design of broadcasting-
satellite systems".
[i.30] Recommendation ITU-R RA 769-2: "Protection criteria used for radio astronomical
measurements".
[i.31] ECC TG3#18-18R0: "Flexible DAA mechanism based on "isolation criteria" between victim
service and UWB devices", ECC TG3 Meeting 18, Mainz, March 2007.
[i.32] JRC: "Report on Radio Frequency Compatibility Measurements between UWB LDC Devices and
Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e ‐2005) BWA Systems", July 26 ‐27, 2010.
[i.33] Wimax Forum: "Mobile WiMAX - Part 1: A Technical Overview and Performance Evaluation",
August, 2006.
[i.34] L. K. Brunson et Alt: "Assessment of compatibility between Ultra WideBand devices and selected
federal systems", NTIA special publication, January 2001.
[i.35] Ching-Ping Wang and Wen-Jiao Liao: "Propagation of Ultra Wideband Signals in Automotive
Environment", National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan.
[i.36] Joaquim Fortuny-Guasch: "UWB screening attenuation measurements of cars", study by IPSC of
JRC and ETSI TG31C on the measurements of the screening attenuation of cars in the frequency
range between 0,85GHz and 11GHz, IPSC, October 2006.20.
[i.37] EC DEC on UWB (2014/702/EU): "Commission Implementing Decision of 7 October 2014
amending Decision 2007/131/EC on allowing the use of the radio spectrum for equipment using
ultra-wideband technology in a harmonised manner in the Community".
[i.38] ECC/REC(11)10: "Location tracking application for emergency and disaster situations",
November 2011.
[i.39] ECC/REC(11)09: "UWB Location Tracking Systems TYPE 2 (LT2)", November 2011.
[i.40] ECC Report 167: "Practical implementation of registration/coordination mechanism for UWB LT2
systems", May 2011.
[i.41] ECC/DEC(12)03: "ECC Decision of 2 November 2012 on the harmonised conditions for UWB
applications onboard aircraft".
[i.42] ETSI EG 202 730: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Code of
Practice in respect of the control, use and application of Ground Probing Radar (GPR) and Wall
Probing Radar (WPR) systems and equipment".
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10 ETSI TR 103 181-1 V1.1.1 (2015-07)
[i.43] ECC/DEC(06)08: "ECC Decision of 1 December 2006 on the conditions for use of the radio
spectrum by Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar (GPR/WPR) imaging systems".
[i.44] ECC/DEC(11)02: "ECC Decision of 11 March 2011 on industrial Level Probing Radars (LPR)
operating in frequency bands 6 - 8,5 GHz, 24.05 - 26.5 GHz, 57 - 64 GHz and 75 - 85 GHz".
[i.45] ERC REC 70-03 Annex 6, final version: "Relating to the Use of Short Range Devices (SRD)"
Tromsø 1997. Subsequent amendments 07 February 2014.
NOTE: Available on EFIS database www.efis.dk.
[i.46] ETSI TR 101 994-1 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band
technology (UWB) Part 1: Communications applications".
[i.47] ETSI TR 101 994-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment using Ultra Wide Band
technology (UWB); Part 2: Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar applications; System Reference
Document".
[i.48] ETSI TR 102 495-3: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System
Reference Document; Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical Characteristics for SRD equipment
using Ultra-Wideband Sensor Technology (UWB); Part 3: Location tracking applications type 1
operating in the frequency band from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz for indoor, portable and mobile outdoor
applications".
[i.49] ETSI TR 102 495-5: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System
Reference Document; Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment
using Ultra Wide Band Sensor technology (UWB); Part 5: Location tracking applications type 2
operating in the frequency bands from 3,4 GHz to 4,8 GHz and from 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz for person
and object tracking and industrial applications".
[i.50] ETSI TR 102 495-7: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System
Reference Document; Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for SRD equipment
using Ultra Wide Band Sensor technology (UWB); Part 7: Location tracking and sensor
applications for automotive and transportation environments operating in the frequency bands
from 3,1 GHz to 4,8 GHz and 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz".
[i.51] ETSI TR 102 496: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System
Reference Document; Short Range Devices (SRD); Technical characteristics for Location tracking
Applications for Emergency Services (LAES) in disaster situations operating within the frequency
range from 3,4 GHz to 4,8 GHz".
[i.52] ETSI TR 101 538: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD);
...