ETSI TR 103 977 V1.1.1 (2024-04)

RFID Measurement methods for transmit spectrum using modern spectrum analysers

DTR/ERM-TG34-271

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: ERM TG34 - ERM RF Identification Devices
• Current Stage: 12 - Citation in the OJ (auto-insert)
• Due Date: 22-Apr-2024
• Completion Date: 18-Apr-2024

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL REPORT
RFID
Measurement methods for transmit spectrum using
modern spectrum analysers
2 ETSI TR 103 977 V1.1.1 (2024-04)

Reference
DTR/ERM-TG34-271
Keywords
measurement, RFID
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ETSI
3 ETSI TR 103 977 V1.1.1 (2024-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
Executive summary . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Terms . 6
3.2 Symbols . 6
3.3 Abbreviations . 6
4 State of the art in current standards . 6
4.1 Introduction . 6
4.2 Background . 7
4.2.1 ETSI EN 302 208 . 7
4.2.2 Signal to Noise Ratio . 7
4.2.3 Transmitter requirements in other standards . 9
5 Transmitter spectrum mask measurements using modern spectrum analyser devices . 11
5.1 General . 11
5.2 Current ETSI EN 302 208 mask . 11
Annex A: Derivation of Adjacent Channel Power from Spectrum Mask . 14
A.1 Adjacent Channel Power in Lower Band . 14
A.2 Adjacent Channel Power in Upper Band. 15
Annex B: Bibliography . 18
Annex C: Change history . 19
History . 20

ETSI
4 ETSI TR 103 977 V1.1.1 (2024-04)
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Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive summary
The present document investigates methods for transmitter spectrum mask measurements and proposes a new method
for measuring the transmitter spectrum mask for RFID interrogators.
New limits for the transmitter spectrum masks in the lower band and upper band utilizing the new proposed
measurement method are calculated based on the current measurement limits.

ETSI
5 ETSI TR 103 977 V1.1.1 (2024-04)
1 Scope
The present document specifies technical characteristics and methods of measurements for Radio Frequency
IDentification (RFID) devices used in the frequency ranges 865 MHz to 868 MHz and 915 MHz to 921 MHz. Power
limits up to a maximum of 2 W e.r.p. are specified for this equipment in the frequency band 865 MHz to 868 MHz and
up to a maximum of 4 W e.r.p. in the frequency band 915 MHz to 921 MHz.
NOTE: The term frequency band is typically used for reference to dedicated bands as described in CEPT ECC
ERC Recommendation 70-03 [i.7], while frequency range is used in the other cases.
While ETSI EN 302 208 [i.2] covers a comprehensive set of technical characteristics and methods of measurements, the
focus of the present document is on transmitter spectrum mask using modern spectrum analysers, and ETSI
EN 302 208 [i.2] applies for all other aspects.
The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
• fixed interrogators;
• portable interrogators.
The present document contains measurement methods to demonstrate that the specified radio equipment both
effectively uses and supports the efficient use of radio spectrum in order to avoid harmful interference.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CEPT ECC ERC Recommendation 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain",
Approved 1998 Corrected 23 May 2022.
[i.2] ETSI EN 302 208 (V3.3.1): "Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the band 865
MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W and in the band 915 MHz to 921 MHz with power
levels up to 4 W; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum".
[i.3] ETSI TS 136 101 (V8.3.0): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User
Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.101 version 8.3.0 Release 8)".
[i.4] ISO/IEC 18000-63:2021: "Information technology - Radio frequency identification for item
management - Part 63: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz
Type C".
[i.5] ETSI EN 302 208 (V3.4.1): "Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the band 865
MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W and in the band 915 MHz to 921 MHz with power
levels up to 4 W; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum".
[i.6] Japan ARIB STD-T106 Version 1.1.
ETSI
6 ETSI TR 103 977 V1.1.1 (2024-04)
[i.7] CEPT ECC ERC Recommendation 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)",
approved 1997 (Tromsø), Subsequent amendments 8 March 2024.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ISO/IEC 18000-63 [i.4] and the following apply:
Lower band: frequency band 865 MHz to 868 MHz according to CEPT ECC ERC Recommendation 70-03 [i.7]
Upper band: frequency band 915 MHz to 921 MHz according to CEPT ECC ERC Recommendation 70-03 [i.7]
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ISO/IEC 18000-63 [i.4] and the following apply:
S sensitivity of the receiver
N total noise
TOT
N interferer noise from other users
OC
N distortion noise
D
N thermal noise
th
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ISO/IEC 18000-63 [i.4] and the following apply:
4G LTE Fourth-generation Long-Term Evolution
ACLR Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio
BER Bit Error Rate
BW Bandwidth
DRM Dense Reader Mode
DUT Device Under Test
E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
FFT Fast Fourier Transform
LB Lower Band
LTE Long-Term Evolution
NF Noise Figure
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
PSD Power Spectral Density
QoS Quality of Service
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
RBW Resolution Band Width
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
UB Upper Band
UHF Ultra High Frequency
4 State of the art in current standards
4.1 Introduction
This clause is a summary of recherche and analysis of existing standards and similar documents and contains a proposal
how in future transmit spectrum measurements could be done.
ETSI
7 ETSI TR 103 977 V1.1.1 (2024-04)
4.2 Background
4.2.1 ETSI EN 302 208
Certification according ETSI EN 302 208 [i.2] requires that devices meet the mask requirement for the frequency
ranges 865 MHz to 868 MHz and 915 MHz to 921 MHz. The transmitter spectrum in the lower band is shown as an
example in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Spectrum mask for modulated signals in the lower band
according to ETSI EN 302 208 [i.2], Figure 5
The above requirement was derived from CEPT ECC ERC REC 74-01 [i.1]. The current version is 23 May 2022 and as
the document states that it should be reviewed every three years an update could be anticipated, if required.
The test requirements specify the waveform duty cycle and the spectrum analyser settings in detail:
a) Resolution bandwidth: 1 kHz.
b) Video bandwidth: Equal to the RBW.
c) Sweep Time: Auto.
d) Span: 1 MHz.
e) Trace mode: Maximum hold sufficient to capture all emission
...