ETSI ETS 300 731 ed.1 (1997-03)

Television systems; Enhanced 625-line Phased Alternate Line (PAL) television; PALplus

DE/JTC-PALplus

Televizijski sistemi – Izboljšana televizija s fazno spreminjajočo se vrstico (PAL) s 625 vrsticami – PALplus

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 02-Mar-1997
• Technical Committee: BROADCAS - EBU/CENELEC/ETSI on Broadcasting
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 21-Mar-1997
• Completion Date: 03-Mar-1997
• Ref Project: SIST ETS 300 731 E1:2003 - Television systems; Enhanced 625-line Phased Alternate Line (PAL) television; PALplus

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ETS 300 731 E1:2003
01-december-2003
7HOHYL]LMVNLVLVWHPL±,]EROMãDQDWHOHYL]LMDVID]QRVSUHPLQMDMRþRVHYUVWLFR3$/V
YUVWLFDPL±3$/SOXV
Television systems; Enhanced 625-line Phased Alternate Line (PAL) television; PALplus
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 731 Edition 1
ICS:
33.160.25 Televizijski sprejemniki Television receivers
33.170 Televizijska in radijska Television and radio
difuzija broadcasting
SIST ETS 300 731 E1:2003 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST ETS 300 731 E1:2003

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SIST ETS 300 731 E1:2003
EUROPEAN ETS 300 731
TELECOMMUNICATION March 1997
STANDARD
Source: EBU/CENELEC/ETSI JTC Reference: DE/JTC-PALplus
ICS: 33.020
Key words: Broadcasting, analogue, TV, wide screen
Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision
European Broadcasting Union
Television Systems;
Enhanced 625-line Phased Alternate Line (PAL) television;
PALplus
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: [e-mail]
Tel.: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
Copyright Notification:
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997.
© European Broadcasting Union 1997.
All rights reserved.

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Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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Contents
Foreword .7
1 Scope .9
2 Normative references.9
3 Abbreviations.9
4 Basic PALplus system description .10
4.1 Introduction .10
4.2 Normative features of a PALplus transmission.11
5 The PALplus signal .12
5.1 Input picture signal to the PALplus encoder .12
5.2 The encoded composite PALplus signal.12
6 The PALplus encoding processes.15
6.1 Vertical conversion.16
6.1.1 Encoder vertical conversion of luminance.16
6.1.2 Encoder vertical conversion of chrominance .16
6.1.3 430-line letterbox.17
6.2 Vertical helper encoding .20
6.2.1 Helper amplitude .20
6.2.2 Modulation.20
6.2.3 Description of helper processing.21
6.2.4 Baseband helper .25
6.3 Motion Adaptive Colour Plus.25
6.3.1 Pre-processing in the encoder .26
6.3.2 Motion detector operation.29
6.3.3 Non-PALplus use of Motion Adaptive Colour Plus .32
6.4 PAL encoding.32
6.4.1 Luminance.33
6.4.2 Chrominance.33
6.5 Reference signals .33
6.5.1 Helper reference signals with baseband helper .35
6.6 Signalling .35
Annex A (normative): Filter and look-up table coefficients.37
A.1 General rules for filter descriptions .37
A.1.1 General rules for horizontal filters.37
A.1.2 General rules for vertical filters .37
A.2 Vertical conversion.37
A.2.1 ENC_Y_QMF (camera mode) .37
A.2.2 ENC_Y_QMF (film mode).42
A.2.3 ENC_UV_C_VSRC.45
A.2.4 ENC_UV_F_VSRC .47
A.3 Helper encoding .49
A.3.1 ENC_BB_US.49
A.3.2 ENC_BB_PRE_MOD_LPF_SS .49
A.3.3 ENC_BB_POST_MOD_NYQ.50
A.3.4 LUT_BB_ENC (film mode).50
A.3.5 LUT_BB_ENC (camera mode) .51

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A.4 Motion Adaptive Colour Plus . 52
A.4.1 Y_BSPLIT. 52
A.4.2 ENC_Y_IFA. 52
A.4.3 ENC_UV_LPF . 53
A.4.4 VERT_IFA . 54
A.4.5 ENC_MD_UV_LPF. 55
A.4.6 ENC_M_US. 55
A.4.7 LUT_IFD_U_CLIP .56
A.4.8 LUT_IFD_V_CLIP .57
A.4.9 LUT_MD_M. 58
A.4.10 LUT_ENC_MD_YL. 59
A.4.11 LUT_ENC_MD_CS . 59
A.5 PAL encoding . 59
A.5.1 ENC_UV_US. 59
Annex B (informative): Encoder filter plots . 60
Annex C (informative): The PALplus decoder . 65
C.1 General. 65
C.1.1 Composite PALplus input signal. 65
C.1.2 Decoder output signal . 65
C.2 Overview of the PALplus decoding process .66
C.2.1 PAL decoding. 66
C.2.2 MACP post-processing . 67
C.2.2.1 Motion detector operation . 70
C.2.3 Helper processing . 73
C.2.4 Vertical conversion of luminance . 74
C.2.5 Vertical conversion of chrominance . 74
C.2.6 Use of the Line 23/623 reference signals to assist vertical conversion. 77
Annex D (informative): Reference PALplus decoder: filter and look-up-table coefficients . 78
D.1 General rules for filter descriptions. 78
D.1.1 General rules for horizontal filters . 78
D.1.2 General rules for vertical filters .78
D.2 Vertical conversion . 78
D.2.1 DEC_Y_QMF (camera mode). 78
D.2.2 DEC_Y_QMF (film mode) . 81
D.2.3 DEC_UV_VSRC.83
D.2.4 DEC_UV_VSRC_NDL. 85
D.3 Helper decoding. 88
D.3.1 DEC_BB_PRE_MOD . 88
D.3.2 DEC_BB_POST_MOD_LPF_ISS . 88
D.3.3 LUT_BB_DEC (film mode). 89
D.3.4 LUT_BB_DEC (camera mode) . 90
D.4 Motion Adaptive Colour Plus, decoder . 91
D.4.1 Y_BSPLIT. 91
D.4.2 DEC_Y_VAA . 91
D.4.3 DEC_UV_LPF . 92
D.4.4 VERT_IFA . 93
D.4.5 DEC_MD_UV_LPF. 94
D.4.6 DEC_M_US. 94
D.4.7 LUT_IFD_U_CLIP .95
D.4.8 LUT_IFD_V_CLIP .96
D.4.9 LUT_MD_M. 97
D.4.10 LUT_DEC_MD_YL. 98
D.4.11 LUT_DEC_MD_CS . 98

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D.5 PAL decoding .98
D.5.1 DEC_UV_DS_LPF.98
D.5.2 DEC_CHROM_BPF.98
Annex E (informative): Decoder filter plots.99
Annex F (informative): Receivers for the PALplus system .103
F.1 General.103
F.2 Receiver IF characteristics.103
F.3 Features included in a PALplus receiver.103
F.4 Receiver switching time in response to changes signalled by the WSS.104
F.5 Use of Wide Screen Signalling (WSS).104
F.5.1 PALplus.104
F.5.2 Non-PALplus Motion Adaptive Colour Plus .105
F.5.3 Conventional PAL .105
F.5.4 Conventional PAL with helper.105
F.5.5 Transmissions transcoded into SECAM .105
Annex G (informative): Application of ghost cancellation .106
Annex H (informative): Studio production requirements .107
H.1 General.107
H.2 Limitations of the composite PALplus signal.107
H.3 Camera mode and film mode.108
H.4 Programme junctions between transmissions in PALplus and PAL .108
H.5 Open subtitles and logos.109
H.6 Non-PALplus use of Motion Adaptive Colour Plus.109
History.110

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Foreword
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Joint Technical Committee
(JTC) of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comité Européen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique
(CENELEC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
NOTE: The EBU/ETSI JTC was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of ETSs in the
specific field of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC became a tripartite
body by including in the Memorandum of Understanding also CENELEC, which is
responsible for the standardization of radio and television receivers. The EBU is a
professional association of broadcasting organizations whose work includes the co-
ordination of its Members' activities in the technical, legal, programme-making and
programme-exchange domains. The EBU has Active Members in about 60 countries
in the European Broadcasting Area; its headquarters is in Geneva *.
* European Broadcasting Union
Case Postale 67
CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva)
Switzerland
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Transposition dates
Date of adoption: 28 February 1997
Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa): 31 May 1997
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this ETS (dop/e): 30 November 1997
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 November 1997

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1 Scope
This European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) is applicable to 625-line PAL systems B, G, H, I, D
and K.
It specifies an enhanced transmission system which allows PAL broadcasters to offer wide-screen
pictures in the 16:9 aspect ratio format, maintaining compatibility with existing PAL receivers.
This ETS specifies the transmitted signal. It specifies the method of coding for accommodating wide
aspect ratio signals, and the method of coding for reducing conventional PAL cross-effects and for making
optimal use of the video signal spectrum. The method for reduction of PAL artefacts may also be used for
studio contribution or distribution purposes. Annex C provides details of a reference PALplus decoder that
makes full use of the picture enhancements offered by PALplus. Annex F gives rules of operation for the
minimum requirements for a PALplus receiver.
2 Normative references
This ETS incorporates by dated and undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications
apply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] ITU-R Recommendation BT.601-5: "Studio Encoding Parameters of Digital
Television for Standard 4:3 and Wide-screen 16:9 Aspect Ratio".
[2] ITU-R Recommendation BT.470-4: "Television Systems".
[3] EBU Technical Recommendation R62: "Recommended dominant field for
625-line 50-Hz video processing".
[4] ETS 300 294: "Television Systems; 625-Line television Wide Screen Signalling
(WSS)".
3 Abbreviations
For the purpose of this ETS, the following abbreviations apply in the construction of system coefficient
names:
BB Black Bands
BPF Band-Pass Filter
BSPLIT Band-SPLITing filter
C Camera mode
CHROM Modulated PAL CHROMinance
CLIP CLIPping
CS motion detector Chrominance Switching control
CVBS Composite Video, Blanking and Sync
DEC DECoder
DS Down-Sampling
ENC ENCoder
F Film mode
HDTV High-Definition TeleVision
IFA Intra-Frame Averaging
IFD Inter-Frame Difference
ISS Inverse Spectrum Shaping
L motion detector Luminance level control signal
LPF Low-Pass Filter
LUT Look-Up Table
M Motion detector chain chrominance motion signal
MAC Multiplexed Analogue Components
MACP Motion Adaptive Colour Plus
MD Motion Detector chain

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NDL Not incorporating PAL Delay Line function
NYQ NYQuist
PAL Phased Alternate Line
POST_MOD POST-(de)MODulation
PRE_MOD PRE-(de)MODulation
QMF Quadrature Mirror Filter
S motion detector chrominance Switching control signal
SS Spectrum Shaping
U present in C path
B
US Up-Sampling
UV present in both colour-difference signal (C and C ) paths
B R
V present in C path
R
VAA Vertical Anti-Aliasing
VERT VERTical
VSRC Vertical Sample-Rate Conversion
Y luminance signal
YL motion detector luminance Level control
4 Basic PALplus system description
4.1 Introduction
PALplus is an enhanced transmission system which has been designed to allow PAL broadcasters to offer
wide-screen pictures with greatly reduced levels of conventional PAL artefacts, whilst retaining a high level of
compatibility with the PAL transmission infrastructure and with existing PAL receivers. The system is
intended to co-exist with both MAC and digital television services in a complementary fashion, enabling
viewers to receive enhanced quality wide-screen pictures originated in component form. The objective of the
PALplus project has not been to design an HDTV system. The expected cost of PALplus receivers is
therefore lower than that of HDTV receivers.
The format of the primary input and output signals for PALplus shall be 625/50/2:1, with 16:9 aspect ratio.
HDTV 1250/50/2:1 sources can be used after down-conversion to 625/50/2:1.
The wide-screen picture shall be transmitted in letterbox format to achieve compatibility with existing 4:3
receivers. Loss of vertical resolution (as compared to the 576 active line source picture) is minimized in the
PALplus receiver by making use of a vertical helper signal transmitted in the black bands above and below
the letterbox picture.
The PALplus system has two modes of operation. These are called "film mode", which should be used only
with film sources, and "camera mode" which should be used with normal 50 Hz video sources. Both the
vertical conversion (to the letterbox picture) and the Motion Adaptive Colour Plus (MACP) method of
improved chrominance/luminance separation make use of a camera mode and a film mode to give optimum
system performance.
Starting from a 625/50/2:1 4:2:2 digital component input signal (in accordance with ITU-R Recommendation
BT.601-5 [1], based on 13,5 MHz sampling) with 576 active lines per frame and an aspect ratio of 16:9, a
conversion to 430 active picture lines shall be first carried out.
NOTE: All references to ITU-R Recommendation BT.601-5 [1] refer to the 13,5 MHz sampling
rate variant specified in part A thereof.
In "camera mode" (when the source provides 50 Hz motion), this conversion shall be performed intra-field
in order to avoid motion artefacts but, in "film mode" (when the source is known to have only 25 Hz
motion), then an intra-frame conversion shall be used. The letterbox picture signal used for transmission
has only three quarters of the number of active picture lines as the source; in order to minimize loss of
vertical resolution in the PALplus display, the black bands shall be used to transmit a vertical helper signal.
An enhanced PAL encoding and decoding technique known as "Motion Adaptive Colour Plus" shall be
used to reduce PAL luminance/chrominance cross-talk artefacts and to maximize horizontal resolution. In
film mode, the system takes advantage of the known temporal redundancy of the signal and uses an
intra-frame PAL encoding technique ("fixed" Colour Plus). In camera mode, the same technique shall be
applied to appropriate areas of each picture frame. However, in areas containing moving saturated colour
(usually representing only small parts of typical pictures), there is likely to be a significant amount of

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movement between the adjacent fields of a source picture frame, which could lead to occasionally visible
colour judder if fixed Colour Plus processing were applied. To minimize this problem, in such areas of the
picture the system shall revert adaptively to a simpler form of PAL encoding, making use of motion
detectors in both the encoder and decoder to identify areas of fast colour motion between adjacent
frames.
Ghost cancellation is an optional enhancement. The parameters of the ghost cancellation reference signal
are given in ITU-R Recommendation BT.1 124, annex 1, section 1.3.
4.2 Normative features of a PALplus transmission
A PALplus signal shall be derived according to the processes illustrated in figure 1. These are summarized
below and detailed descriptions of each process are given in clause 6. The signal at the output of the
encoder shall be described as "PALplus" only when all of the following processes are implemented:
a) Vertical conversion (QMF process) to 430-line letterbox;
- this is the conversion of the 16:9 aspect ratio source picture with 576 active lines to a 16:9
aspect ratio letterbox picture with 430 active lines. The QMF (Quadrature Mirror Filter) format
conversion process also yields vertical luminance resolution information that shall be
encoded and transmitted in the black bands.
b) Vertical helper encoding;
- this is the method of processing and modulating the vertical luminance information derived
from the QMF format conversion process, resulting in the "vertical helper" signal that shall be
transmitted in the black bands above and below the active letterbox picture.
c) Motion Adaptive Colour Plus (MACP);
- this is the encoding technique that makes possible improved separation of chrominance and
luminance in the PALplus receiver.
d) Wide Screen Signalling (WSS);
- this shall be used to convey essential information about the content of the transmitted signal
to the decoder. The system used is defined in ETS 300 294 [4].
e) Reference signals;
- the transmission shall contain reference signals in lines 23 and 623 that may be used by the
PALplus receiver for the accurate setting of the levels of the incoming luminance and vertical
helper signals. Details are given in subclause 6.5.
The PALplus signal at the output of the encoder shall consist of the combination of the PAL-encoded MACP
pre-processed letterbox picture, the modulated helper signal resulting from the QMF conversion process, the
reference signals, and the signalling bits, as shown in figure 1.
The features of a PALplus transmission are summarized in table 1. Compensating delays should be included
in associated audio paths prior to transmission, so as to match the vision processing time in the PALplus
encoder.

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Table 1: The enhancement features incorporated in a PALplus transmission
Enhancement Normative for PALplus?
Format conversion (QMF) from ITU-R YES
Recommendation BT.601-5 [1] source with 16:9
aspect ratio to central 430-line letterbox
Vertical helper encoding YES
Mo
...