ETSI TR 103 595 V1.1.1 (2019-04)

System Reference document (SRdoc); Transmission characteristics; Technical characteristics for level probing radar within the frequency range 75 GHz to 85 GHz

DTR/ERM-578

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 29-Apr-2019
• Technical Committee: ERM - EMC and Radio Spectrum Matters
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 11-Apr-2019
• Completion Date: 30-Apr-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 595 V1.1.1 (2019-04)






TECHNICAL REPORT
System Reference document (SRdoc);
Transmission characteristics;
Technical characteristics for level probing radar
within the frequency range 75 GHz to 85 GHz

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2 ETSI TR 103 595 V1.1.1 (2019-04)



Reference
DTR/ERM-578
Keywords
measurement, radar, SRD, SRDOC
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3 ETSI TR 103 595 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Comments on the System Reference Document . 9
4.1 Statements by ETSI Members . 9
5 Presentation of the UWB-LPR systems and technology . 10
5.1 Use cases of LPR sensor systems . 10
5.2 Object detection . 11
5.2.1 Contour detection . 11
5.3 Motion, speed and presence detection . 11
5.3.1 Contactless flow measurement . 11
5.4 Distance measurement . 12
5.4.1 Level probing on solid heaps having an angle of repose . 12
5.4.2 Low power level probing radars . 14
6 Market information. 14
6.1 Overview . 14
6.2 Market potential for contour detection instruments and LPRs . 15
6.2.1 LPR . 15
7 Technical information . 16
7.1 Detailed technical description . 16
7.1.0 General . 16
7.1.1 Transmitter Parameters . 17
7.1.1.1 Permitted frequency range of operation . 17
7.1.1.2 Operating bandwidth . 17
7.1.1.3 Transmitter emissions within the operating bandwidths . 18
7.1.1.4 Transmitter (unwanted) emissions outside the operating bandwidths . 20
7.1.1.5 Other emissions . 20
7.1.2 Receiver Parameters . 20
7.1.2.1 Receiver spurious emissions . 20
7.1.2.2 Interferer signal handling . 20
7.1.3 Requirements for spectrum access . 20
7.1.3.1 Detect and avoid (DAA) . 20
7.1.3.2 Listen-before-talk (LBT) . 20
7.1.4 Antenna requirements . 20
7.1.5 Mitigation techniques . 21
7.1.5.0 General . 21
7.1.5.1 Adaptive power control (APC) . 21
7.1.5.2 Activity factor (AF) and duty cycle (DC) . 21
7.1.5.3 Frequency domain mitigation. 21
7.1.5.4 Shielding effects . 21
7.2 Status of technical parameters . 21
7.2.1 Current ITU and European Common Allocations . 21
7.2.2 Sharing and compatibility studies already available . 24
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4 ETSI TR 103 595 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
7.2.3 Sharing and compatibility issues still to be considered. 24
7.3 Information on relevant standards . 24
8 Radio spectrum request and justification . 25
9 Regulations . 25
9.1 Current regulation. 25
9.2 Proposed regulation . 26
9.2.0 General . 26
9.2.1 Changes to Annex 1 of ECC/DEC(11)02 . 27
Annex A: Commercially available sensor systems . 29
A.1 (Tank) level probing Radar . 29
A.1.0 General . 29
A.1.1 Level measurement in wood pellet silos . 30
A.1.2 Sea level measurement at the harbour wall . 31
Annex B: Bibliography . 32
Annex C: Change History . 33
History . 34


ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 103 595 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document has been developed to support the co-operation between ETSI and the Electronic
Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations
(CEPT).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document includes necessary information to support the co-operation under the MoU between ETSI and the
Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications
Administrations (CEPT).
LPRs as covered by ETSI EN 302 729 [i.4] are required to operate having a strict (stable) downward orientation of the
antenna under any operating condition in combination with other antenna restrictions as e.g. beam width and gain.
As the half sphere concept which can be found in CEPT ECC Report 139 [i.2] has been verified by compatibility
studies of LPRs with other radio services the present document aims to rely on this concept while showing that LPRs
having other than the combinations of the antenna requirements and antenna position which can be found in
ETSI EN 302 729 [i.4] will maintain a maximum e.i.r.p. on the half sphere of -41,3 dBm. For this reason the present
document gives a set of pre-selected use cases each having different character well suited for its intended application.
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6 ETSI TR 103 595 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
The present document at hand requests for better fitting antenna requirements which are optimally adapted to the
situations found in the field. Current LPRs contrary to expectations do not have sufficient capabilities tracking the level
of the measured product in some applications. Particularly from applications where the level of solids has to be
measured the LPR industry receives frequent customer complaints where instruments fail to measure an accurate level
of the product. Additionally customers now demand for embedding a volumetric measurement into their e.g. materials
management.
The need for adapting the restrictions on antenna orientation and antenna requirements for LPR radiodetermination
devices was identified in order to cover measurement tasks which cannot be conducted adequately or cannot be
conducted at all at the moment due to the limited antenna orientation capabilities and/or beam width.
Today's regulation with the requirement that the antennas need to point strictly downwards blocks either applications
where tilting the antenna is required to get a sufficient receive signal or applications with electronical or mechanical
beam steering. The antenna beam width limitation blocks applications with the usage of comparable systems using low
gain antennae.
The present document requests mainly:
• More usable and application specific positions of the LPR antenna other than strictly pointing downwards.
• More usable and application specific requirements of LPR antennas in terms of e.g. beamwidth or side lobe
suppression while maintaining the downward orientation towards the ground.
The appropriated compensation for each of the above mentioned requirements in order to stay with the half sphere
concept can be found in detail in Table 2. The present document covers therefore the request for more relaxed antenna
requirements, especially in terms of orientation and beam width for LPRs as radiodetermination applications using
UWB technology within in the 75 GHz to 85 GHz range. The intention is to create a basis for the LPR industry to
maintain and expand market access without loss of its customer satisfaction in this technology while still avoiding any
harmful interference with other radio services.
Communications applications or hybrid applications as a combination of sensor and communications applications are
not treated within the scope of the present document.
The half sphere concept as used by the current regulation has been established by ERM TG TLPR which now has
merged into ERM TG UWB.
The present document was developed by ERM TG UWB. The information in it has not yet undergone coordination by
ERM. It contains preliminary information.

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7 ETSI TR 103 595 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
1 Scope
The present document describes LPR radiodetermination applications within the frequency range 75 GHz to 85 GHz
which may require a change of the present frequency utilization within CEPT. The described UWB radiodetermination
applications for future systems are split into the following classes and use cases:
• Object detection and classification/characterization.
• Motion, speed and presence detection.
• Distance measurement.
• Contour detection of solid material heaps.
The present document includes in particular:
• Market information.
• Technical information including expected sharing and compatibility issues.
NOTE: The information on sharing and compatibility issues is required when new spectrum or new spectrum
usage is requested.
• Regulatory issues.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] European Commission Decision 2013/752/EU of 11 December 2013 (amending Decision
2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices and repealing
Decision 2005/928/EC).
[i.2] CEPT ECC Report 139: "Impact of Level Probing Radars Using Ultra-Wideband Technology on
Radiocommunications Services", Rottach-Egern, February 2010.
[i.3] ETSI EN 302 372 (V2.1.1) (10-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Tank level Probing Radar
(TLPR) equipment operating in the frequency ranges 4,5 GHz to 7 GHz, 8,5 GHz to 10,6 GHz,
24,05 GHz to 27 GHz, 57 GHz to 64 GHz, 75 GHz to 85 GHz; Harmonised Standard covering the
essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.4] ETSI EN 302 729 (V2.1.1) (10-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Level Probing Radar (LPR)
equipment operating in the frequency ranges 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz, 24,05 GHz to 26,5 GHz, 57 GHz
to 64 GHz, 75 GHz to 85 GHz; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
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8 ETSI TR 103 595 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
[i.5] ETSI TS 103 361 (V1.1.1) (03-2016):" Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band
technology (UWB); Receiver technical requirements, parameters and measurement procedures to
fulfil the requirements of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.6] ITU-R "Radio Regulations Articles" Edition of 2016.
[i.7] ETSI EN 305 550 (V2.1.0): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the
40 GHz to 246 GHz frequency range; Harmonized Standard covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.8] ETSI EN 303 883 (V1.1.1) (09-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band
(UWB); Measurement Techniques".
[i.9] ERC Recommendation 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)"; 13 Oct 2017
edition.
[i.10] Sweden's Minerals Strategy: For sustainable use of Sweden's mineral resources that creates growth
throughout the country.
[i.11] European Commission: "The raw materials initiative - meeting our critical needs for growth and
jobs in Europe", COM(2008) 699, 2008. .
[i.12] ECC Decision (11)02: "Industrial Level Probing Radars (LPR) operating in frequency bands 6 -
8.5 GHz, 24.05 - 26.5 GHz, 57 - 64 GHz and 75 - 85 GHz".
[i.13] Recommendation ITU-R M.2057: 'Systems characteristics of automotive radars operating in the
frequency band 76-81 GHz for intelligent transport systems applications'.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 303 883 [i.8], ETSI TS 103 361 [i.5] and the
following apply:
Activity Factor (AF): activity factor of a radiodetermination device is usually defined as the ratio of active
measurement periods t (bursts, sweeps, scans) within the overall repetitive measurement cycle T
meas meas_cycle
Adaptive Power Control (APC): adaptive power control is an automatic mechanism to regulate the transmitter power.
It is controlled by the received power within the total receiver bandwidth
blocking distance: minimum distance from the target to the antenna of a LPR sensor which is at least necessary in
order to guarantee a reliable measurement
NOTE: If the distance to the target falls below the blocking distance, the measurement may fail because the
sensor is less sensitive or "blind" at close ranges.
Duty Cycle (DC): product of the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and the pulse duration t
pulse
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): product of "power fed into the antenna" and "antenna gain". The
e.i.r.p is used for both peak and average power
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW): based on a periodically linear frequency sweep of the transmit
signal. For distance measurement sensors often a sawtooth or a triangular modulation scheme is used
NOTE 1: By mixing the current transmit signal with the reflected signal the round trip time of the individual echoes
and thus the distance of the different targets can be determined.
NOTE 2: Although the instantaneous bandwidth of a FMCW Radar is close to zero the recorded power versus time
variation results in a wideband spectrum which is clearly not pulsed.
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9 ETSI TR 103 595 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave (SFCW): transmitted frequencies are changed by incremental increase
NOTE: Although the instantaneous bandwidth of an SFCW Radar is close to zero the recorded power versus time
variation results in a wideband spectrum which is clearly not pulsed.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
f lowest frequency of the operating bandwidth
L
f highest frequency of the operating bandwidth
H
t active measurement time segment
meas
T overall repetitive measurement cycle time (including possible idle time segments)
meas_cycle
t pulse duration in a pulsed system or the duration of an individual frequency step in an SFCW
pulse
modulation scheme
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AF Activity Factor
APC Adaptive Power Control
DAA Detect And Avoid
DC Duty Cycle
DUT Device Under Test
e.i.r.p equivalent isotropically radiated power
EESS Earth Exploration Service Satellite
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
FSL Free Space Loss
IC Integrated Circuit
ITU-R International Telecommunication Union - Radio sector
LBT Listen Before Talk
LPR Level probing Radar
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
RAS Radio Astronomy Station
Rx Receiver
SFCW Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave
SRD Short Range Devices
TC Technical Commitee
TGU-WB Task Group Ultra-Wide Band
TLPR Tank Level Probing Radar
Tx Transmitter
UWB Ultra-WideBand
4 Comments on the System Reference Document
4.1 Statements by ETSI Members
No statements or comments have been issued by ETSI members.
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10 ETSI TR 103 595 V1.1.1 (2019-04)
5 Presentation of the UWB-LPR systems and
technology
5.1 Use cases of LPR sensor systems
Microwaves travel at the speed of light and this speed is essentially constant under a variety of different environmental
conditions. This makes the use of microwaves a very robust measuring principle which is preferred when high accuracy
is required and environmental conditions, such as temperature, pressure, etc. may vary.
Some of the main advantages of microwave technology for all kinds of sensors are therefore:
• high measurement accuracy;
• high repeatability;
• robust measuring performance in a variety of environmental- and process conditions;
• high reliability;
• minimum or even no maintenance requirements and wear as a result of no moving parts;
• easy installation;
• non-contact measuring principle provides a high independency of ambient conditions or process properties,
• superior long-term stability resulting from self-calibration mechanisms since devices have always stable
internal references which are independent of temperature or humidity;
• efficient handling of many devices due to the support of different interfaces;
• the antenna or the radome is usually very robust against contamination with dust, dirt or other adverse
environmental influences.
All these factors combined provide a technology that over time has proven to bring improvements in environmental
protection, human safety, accident prevention and avoidance as well as a more efficient and sustainable use of natural
resources and higher quality of end-products in different manufacturing industries.
There are already commercially available sensors on the market which partly cover some. Level Probing Radars (LPR)
[i.4] working for example in the frequency band 75 to 85 GHz.
• Tank Level Probing Radars (TLPR) [i.3].
More information about some already existing systems can be found in annex A.
As indicated in the scope of the present document the UWB-LPR radiodetermination applications for potential future
systems are classified into the following use cases:
• Object detection and classification/characterization.
• Motion, speed and presence detection.
• Distance measurement.
• Contour detection of solid material heaps.
With industry 4.0 a tremendous increase of automation requirements is expected. More and more individualized
products will be fabricated in high automated production lines which contain lots of compact and flexible production
units. These production units will contain sensors for both the production processes and for reconfiguration and change.
Due to flexible and frequent changes in the process, residuals of prior products and cleaning substances should be
detected for example with very high accuracy and resolution in order to maintain product quality and production
efficiency.
Electric mobility an
...