ETSI TR 103 554-1 V1.3.1 (2020-10)

Rail Telecommunications (RT); Next Generation Communication System; Radio performance simulations and evaluations in rail environment; Part 1: Long Term Evolution (LTE)

RTR/RT-0051

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: RT - Railway telecommunications
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 23-Oct-2020
• Completion Date: 22-Oct-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 554-1 V1.3.1 (2020-10)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Rail Telecommunications (RT);
Next Generation Communication System;
Radio performance simulations and
evaluations in rail environment;
Part 1: Long Term Evolution (LTE)

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2 ETSI TR 103 554-1 V1.3.1 (2020-10)



Reference
RTR/RT-0051
Keywords
FRMCS, LTE, radio, railways, simulation
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3 ETSI TR 103 554-1 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Executive summary . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Assumptions and parameters for simulations and evaluations . 10
4.1 Introduction . 10
4.2 Simulation tools . 10
4.3 Scenarios . 11
4.4 Bandwidth and transmit power . 12
4.4.1 Bandwidths . 12
4.4.1.1 900 MHz band . 12
4.4.1.2 1 900 MHz band . 12
4.4.2 Transmit powers . 13
4.4.2.1 900 MHz band . 13
4.4.2.2 1 900 MHz band . 13
4.5 Antenna diagrams . 14
4.5.1 Antenna diagrams at the base station . 14
4.5.1.1 For 900 MHz band . 14
4.5.1.2 For 1 900 MHz band . 14
4.5.2 Antenna diagrams at the UE . 14
4.6 Radio propagation aspects . 14
4.6.1 Radio propagation model . 14
4.6.2 Conclusion . 16
4.7 Frequency reuse scheme . 16
4.8 Summary . 16
4.9 Outcomes of the simulations . 18
5 Simulation results . 18
5.1 Results set 1 . 18
5.1.1 Description . 18
5.1.2 Specific assumptions and parameters . 20
5.1.2.0 Frequency reuse scheme . 20
5.1.2.1 FDD 900 MHz band . 20
5.1.2.2 TDD 1 900 MHz band. 22
5.1.3 Results . 22
5.1.3.1 Introduction . 22
5.1.3.2 Results for 900 MHz band . 23
5.1.3.2.1 Results at 1,4 MHz - First round . 23
5.1.3.2.2 Results at 1,4 MHz - Second round . 25
5.1.3.2.3 Results at 3 MHz . 27
5.1.3.2.4 Results at 5 MHz . 30
5.1.3.3 Results for 1 900 MHz band . 34
5.1.4 Notes and remarks . 40
5.1.4.1 Notes and remarks on first round of results (900 MHz band) . 40
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4 ETSI TR 103 554-1 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
5.1.4.2 Notes and remarks on second round of results (900 MHz band) . 41
5.1.4.3 Notes and remarks for results in 1 900 MHz band . 43
5.2 Results set 2 (900 MHz band) . 43
5.2.1 Description . 43
5.2.1.1 Lab setup high level description . 43
5.2.1.2 Lab setup: 3GPP RF Channel Emulator . 44
5.2.1.3 Lab setup: FRMCS Traffic Generator and Analyser . 45
5.2.2 Specific assumptions and parameters . 45
5.2.3 Results . 45
5.2.4 Notes and remarks . 45
5.3 Results set 3 (900 MHz band) . 45
5.3.1 Description . 45
5.3.2 Specific assumptions and parameters . 46
5.3.2.1 Common assumptions . 46
5.3.2.2 Hilly channel model . 47
5.3.2.3 Rural channel model . 47
5.3.3 Results . 49
5.3.3.1 Hilly channel model . 49
5.3.3.2 Rural channel model . 49
5.3.4 Notes and remarks . 51
6 Results evaluation . 52
6.1 Analysis at 900 MHz . 52
6.1.1 General . 52
6.1.2 Overhead analysis . 52
6.1.2.1 General . 52
6.1.2.2 IP stack, PDCP and RLC overhead . 52
6.1.2.3 Physical layer overhead . 53
6.1.2.4 Link-level comparison . 53
6.1.3 Train speed impact . 54
6.1.4 Neighbouring cells interference impact . 56
6.1.5 HARQ impact estimation . 56
6.1.6 Results comparison and net throughputs at hand-over point . 58
6.2 Analysis at 1 900 MHz . 59
6.2.1 Overhead analysis . 59
6.2.2 Train speed impact . 59
6.2.3 MIMO impact . 60
6.2.4 Net throughput at cell edge . 60
7 Conclusion . 61
Annex A: Theoretical peak throughput for LTE . 63
Annex B: Throughput curves for simulation results set 1 . 64
B.1 First round of simulations (900 MHz) . 64
B.2 Second round of simulations (900 MHz) . 73
Annex C: Data Throughput Measurements for results set 3 . 121
Annex D: Antenna diagrams . 123
Annex E: Propagation models . 128
Annex F: Change history . 129
History . 130


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5 ETSI TR 103 554-1 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Railway Telecommunications (RT).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering radio performance simulations and evaluations in
rail environment, as identified below:
Part 1: "Long Term Evolution (LTE)";
Part 2: "New Radio (NR)".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive summary
In order to assess 3GPP LTE radio performance in a rail environment, three scenarios have been defined: Rural, Hilly
and Urban, representing various radio conditions typical to rail environment. Each scenario has been defined with its
radio parameters, load condition and train speeds.
UIC and E-UIC spectrum bands have been assumed, with bandwidth of 1,4 MHz, 3 MHz and 5 MHz, corresponding to
possible deployments with LTE and GSM-R co-existence and deployment with a standalone LTE.
Three different studies are described. One is based on simulation with a software chain tool using a Monte-Carlo
statistical approach, including multiple cells in a linear deployment along the track. The two others are based on
laboratory radio test bench, featuring hardware communication devices and wireless channel emulators, but not taking
into account multiple cells interferences.
The present document includes results from software chain tool study and from one of the two laboratory radio test
bench study.
The impact of using a TDD mode in other frequency bands will need to be added to the present document.
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6 ETSI TR 103 554-1 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
Introduction
3GPP LTE radio access is one candidate for the radio access technology to be used for the Future Rail Mobile
Communications System (FRMCS). In the present document, the term FRMCS refers -unless stated otherwise- to the
radio part of the communication system.
Radio performance evaluation of an LTE system could be done by simulation, through software and processing
resources only, or through a test bench incorporating pieces of equipment emulating parts of the chain, e.g. the RF. In
both cases, it is important to align the parameters and the assumptions made in the simulation and in the evaluation
chain to be able to reflect better a deployment in a rail environment, and to better compare and understand the
simulation and the evaluation results.
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7 ETSI TR 103 554-1 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
1 Scope
The present document:
• Defines the simulation parameters relevant to rail environment relating to 3GPP LTE radio performance. This
includes in particular operating frequency bands, bandwidths, deployment scenario (inter-site distance), and
antenna characteristics, transmit powers and channel models, along with relevant metrics to be evaluated.
• Collects and analyse the simulation results of an LTE system in the rail environment operating in the 900 MHz
frequency band (UIC and E-UIC bands).
• Collects and analyse the simulation results of an LTE system in the rail environment operating in a 1 900 MHz
frequency band.
• Identifies limitations of an LTE system in the rail environment.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TS 145 005 (V14.4.0) (04-2018): "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+)
(GSM); GSM/EDGE Radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 45.005 version 14.4.0
Release 14)".
[i.2] ETSI TS 136 104 (V14.7.0) (04-2018): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-
UTRA); Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104 version 14.7.0
Release 14)".
[i.3] ETSI TS 136 101 (V14.7.0) (04-2018): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-
UTRA); User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.101 version 14.7.0
Release 14)".
[i.4] Recommendation ITU-R M.2135-1 (12-2009): "Guidelines for evaluation of radio interface
technologies for IMT advanced".
[i.5] IST-4-027756 Winner II D1.1.2 V1.2 Winner II Part I: "Channel Models", European Commission,
Deliverable IST-WINNER D.
[i.6] Ikuno, J. Colom, Martin Wrulich, and Markus Rupp.: "Performance and modelling of LTE H-
ARQ." Proc. International ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas (WSA 2009), Berlin, Germany,
2009.
[i.7] ETSI TS 136 211 (V14.6.0) (04-2018): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
(E-UTRA); Physical channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211 version 14.6.0 Release 14)".
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8 ETSI TR 103 554-1 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
[i.8] Recommendation ITU-R M.1225 (1997): "Guidelines for evaluation of radio transmission
technologies for IMT-2000".
[i.9] European Integrated Railway Radio Enhanced Network System Requirements Specification, UIC
CODE 951, GSM-R Operators Group, December 2015.
[i.10] ETSI TR 145 050 (V15.0.0) (07-2018): "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+)
(GSM); GSM/EDGE Background for Radio Frequency (RF) requirements (3GPP TR 45.050
version 15.0.0 Release 15)".
[i.11] Kapsch CarrierCom: "Power limitations in the extension part of the ER-GSM band", Contribution
to CEPT FM56(17)047, December 2017.
NOTE: Available at https://cept.org/Documents/fm-56/39947/fm56-17-047_power-limitations-in-the-extension-
part-of-the-er-gsm-band.
[i.12] Loïc Brunel, Hervé Bonneville, Akl Charaf and Émilie Masson: "System-Level Evaluation of
th
Next-Generation Radio Communication System for Train Operation Services", Proceedings of 7
Transport Research Arena TRA 2018, April 16-19, 2018.
[i.13] ECC PT1(19)131: "FRMCS deployment parameters to be used in SE7 studies".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
Void.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
λ wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACS Adjacent Channel Selectivity
AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding
AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise
BS Base Station
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BW BandWidth
CDF Cumulative Distribution Function
CDL Clustered Delay Line
CoMP Coordinated Multi Point
COST Cooperation of Scientific and Technical
CP Cyclic Prefix
DL Down Link
ECC European electronic Communications Committee
EIRENE European Integrated Railway radio Enhanced Network
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
eNB evolved Node B
ETU Extended Typical Urban model
E-UTRA Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FEC Forward Error Correction
FRMCS Future Rail Mobile Communications System
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9 ETSI TR 103 554-1 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
FSTD Frequency Switched Transmit Diversity
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
GSM-R Global System for Mobile communication for Railway application
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat-Request
HO Hand Over
HST High Speed Train
ICIC Inter-Cell Interference Coordination
IMT International Mobile Telecommunications
IP Internet Protocol
ISD Inter Site Distance
ISI Inter-Symbol Interference
ITU-R International Telecommunication Union - Radio communication sector
LOS Line Of Sight
LTE Long Term Evolution
MAC Media Access Control
MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme
MIMO Multiple Input, Multiple Output
MISO Multiple Input, Single Output
MOS Mean Opinion Score
MRS Mobile Relay Station
NLOS Non Line Of Sight
NR New Radio
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
PDP Power Delay Profile
PER Packet Error Rate
PHY PHYsical layer
PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QCI QoS Class Identifier
RB Resource Block
REC Railways Emergency Call
RF Radio Frequency
RLC Radio Link Control
RT Rail Telecommunications
SFBC Space-Frequency Block Coding
SGW Serving Gateway
SIMO Single Input, Multiple Output
SINR Signal to Interference-plus-Noise Ratio
SISO Single Input, Single Output
SNR Signal to Noise Ratio
SRS System Requirement Specification
SSF Special Sub-Frame
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TDD Time Duplex Division
TRX Transmitter/Rreceiver
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UE User Equipment
UIC Union Internationale des Chemins de fer
UL Up Link
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
USB Universal Serial Bus
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10 ETSI TR 103 554-1 V1.3.1 (2020-10)
4 Assumptions and parameters for simulations and
evaluations
4.1 Introduction
In the scope of the present document, the following points are addressed:
• Simulations take into account railway specifics.
• Simulations are flexible in order to simulate different system configurations, parameter settings and scenarios.
• Consideration of different carrier band-widths (at least 1,4 MHz, 3 MHz and 5 MHz for 900 MHz band,
10 MHz for 1 900 MHz band).
• Consideration of TDD (for 1 900 MHz band) and FDD (for 900 MHz band) duplex modes.
• Consideration of different subscriber and train densities and distributions.
• Consideration of FRMCS system parameters (e.g. Cyclic Pre
...